Fig 1 - uploaded by Alireza Asem
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Scatterplot of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on three biometrical characters of cysts of Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906.
Source publication
Artemia is the most common live food that is used in aquaculture worldwide. This study reportson biometrical variation in the cysts of the introduced, originally American Artemia franciscanafrom 24 non-native localities and two native habitats, in Asia and the U.S.A., respectively. Theresults show, that the largest diameter of untreated cysts, the...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... a group containing all batches of native populations from SFB and four batches of GSL (Group A), and another consists of 17 invasive populations (Group B). While 12 populations (five batches of native populations from GSL and seven batches of invasive populations) show a widely dispersed distribution on the PCA plot without a clear grouping ( fig. ...
Citations
... The introduction of A. franciscana around the world represents a risk for local endemic Artemia populations and species; thus, there is a need to assess and protect their biodiversity at the gene, population, and species levels , 2021, Laikre et al. 2020; Thomson et al. 2021, Hvilsom et al. 2022. Artemia franciscana has tremendous intraspecific ecological plasticity (Gajardo et al. 2002, Gajardo and Beardmore 2012, and has invaded Old World and Australian habitats, sometimes displacing local species (Zheng et al. 2004, Scalone and Rabet 2013, 2020, Asem et al. 2018, 2021, Horváth et al. 2018, Saji et al. 2019, Shen et al. 2021, Wu et al. 2022. Its ecological plasticity allows it to tolerate a variety of salinity concentrations (7 to 340 g/L), ionic composition (chloride and sulphate/carbonate), altitude (sea level to 4500 m a.s.l.), and climate (tropical to subarctic) (Post and Youssef 1977, Zheng 1997, Van Stappen et al. 2003, Asem et al. 2012, 2019, Gajardo and Beardmore 2012, Zheng and Sun 2013. ...
... The non-native American A. franciscana was found in Yangnapen Lake coexisting with A. sorgeloosi. Since the mid-20th century, A. franciscana has been exported from the Americas for use in aquaculture of marine and ornamental fish , Saji et al. 2019, Asem et al. 2021, Shen et al. 2021, Wu et al. 2022. Due to its adaptive capabilities and high reproductive potential, it was introduced in new regions around the world for economic exploitation; but, it outcompetes most native Old World populations (Amat et al. 2005, Mura et Shen et al. 2021, Wu et al. 2022. ...
... Since the mid-20th century, A. franciscana has been exported from the Americas for use in aquaculture of marine and ornamental fish , Saji et al. 2019, Asem et al. 2021, Shen et al. 2021, Wu et al. 2022. Due to its adaptive capabilities and high reproductive potential, it was introduced in new regions around the world for economic exploitation; but, it outcompetes most native Old World populations (Amat et al. 2005, Mura et Shen et al. 2021, Wu et al. 2022. It has also been introduced to Australia ( Asem et al. 2018). ...
Hypersaline lakes in arid and semi-arid areas are unique ecosystems that harbor unique extremophile organisms, such as Artemia, the paradigmatic example of adaptation to harsh living conditions. We assessed the mitogenomic biodiversity of Artemia species from the Tibetan Plateau, China, a remote and yet minimally disturbed ecosystem with a variety of hypersaline lakes. Analysis of ten Tibetan salt lakes demonstrated the occurrence of two regionally endemic species, A. tibetiana and A. sorgeloosi, with the latter being the dominant species with eight localities. Both species coexist in Jingyu and Jibu lakes, representing the first case of natural distribution overlap between sexual Artemia species. Artemia sorgeloosi exhibits higher genetic diversity and interpopulation differences, a result consistent with the heterogeneity of local salt lakes, local Artemia population demographics, and their adaptive potentials. Significant FST values demonstrate a gene flow barrier between A. sorgeloosi populations that is compatible with an “island biogeography” distribution pattern, making the Tibetan Plateau a sort of natural laboratory to study intraspecific population differences. Artemia sorgeloosi and the exotic A. franciscana were found coexisting in Yangnapen Lake, demonstrating the ability of this invasive species to colonize high-altitude inland habitats, and the need to monitor its presence and eventual expansion.
