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... As a result of that, soil fertility decreases due to leaching of nutrients and disruption of the soil structure. Therefore, the deviation of the weighted average value of the drainage coefficient within the system and the design term of the object's operation q s from its limit valueq ecol , which corresponds to the ecological drainage efficiency, i.e. q s →q ecol can be a criterion for the ecological optimality of the pumping module on the PDS (Koptyuk et al 2023). ...
A system optimization method was used, which consists in the consistent justification of optimal technological and constructive solutions and parameters of drainage polder systems during the development of their projects. This is done in compliance with modern economic and environmental requirements according to criteria and models for di erent levels of management decision-making over time (project, planned operation). Based on the performed relevant predictive and optimization calculations for the conditions of the real object, the following three tasks have been accomplished. (1) The optimal pump module at the stage of operation for the existing polder drainage system has been substantiated. (2) The design of the pumping unit and the parameters of its components during the reconstruction of the polder drainage system have been improved. This made it possible to reduce the load on the pumping equipment, the duration of its operation, and the cost of electricity by 20–40%, depending on the water level of the year. The improvement was carried out by the diversion of the corresponding part of the surface runo with additionally introduced gravity elements in the form of a puncture in the body of the protective dam and a siphon intake. (3) We have substantiated the optimal water regulation technology for the existing polder drainage system in modern and forecast weather and climate conditions, which will ensure the maintenance of the necessary water-air regime of the drained soils in di erent phases of the growing season of agricultural crops. This will make it possible, on demand, to increase the energy and general environmental and economic e ciency during their creation and functioning of the polder drainage system in accordance with modern changing conditions.
... Climate change, man-made disasters, the rise in built-up areas, and growing urbanization are far from an exhaustive list of threats to food security in the world. At the end of the last century, the problem of the negative impact of intensive land use arose not only in Ukraine (Koptyuk at al., 2023). That is both the high plowing of the territories and the excessive use of mineral fertilizers, as well as the application of energy-consuming, soil-depleting technologies. ...
... Koptyuk et al. (2023), who recorded the reduction of riverbeds in the region as a result of their transformation into main channels of drainage systems, which, against the background of climate change and a lowering of the groundwater table, has significantly changed the moisture supply of the soil and negatively affected its fertility. S.Tomscha et al. (2023) confirm the Ecological sustainability of landscapes of the preserving natural wetland complexes, which constitute an important ecological component of the environment and contribute to landscape stability and ecosystem services, and are essential for the conservation of water resources, carbon stocks, and the preservation of plant and animal diversity. ...
The relevance of the research lies in the fact that, in the context of the global concept of sustainable development, one of the leading tasks is to maintain the sustainability of natural ecosystems by finding optimal strategies for the development of socio-economic systems. The purpose of the research is to assess the environmental sustainability of the landscapes of the Prypiat River basin within the territorial communities of the Volyn Oblast in the current conditions of the region’s development. The methods used to achieve this goal included the calculation of the landscape ecological sustainability coefficient based on the systematization of statistical reporting data, followed by comparative geographical analysis and environmental mapping using ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro. The main results of the research show that the coefficient of ecological stability of landscapes in the Prypiat River basin is in the range of 0.22-5.39 and assesses landscapes from the level of “unstable with pronounced instability” to “stable, with pronounced stability”. The distribution of land areas in the territorial communities located in the Tsyr sub-basin determines the landscape characterization at the level of “stable, with pronounced stability”. Within the territorial communities of the Vyzhivka sub-basin and the upper reaches of the Prypiat River, the landscapes are “conditionally stable” – “stable”. Within the communities of the Turia sub-basin – from “unstable” to “stable, with pronounced stability”. Within the communities of the Stokhid sub-basin – from “unstable” to “stable, with pronounced stability”. The territorial communities of the middle part of the Styr sub-basin are represented by landscapes ranging from “unstable, with pronounced instability” to “stable, with pronounced stability”. In general, more ecologically stable landscapes are located in the northern part of Volyn Oblast, due to the large areas of forested land. Environmental instability of landscapes is typical for the southern part of the region due to large areas of ploughed land. The practical value of the work lies in obtaining regional variations in the assessment of ecological stability of landscapes, which is important to consider when developing coordinated concepts between communities and environmental management bodies on a basin basis to achieve sustainable development goals in socio-ecological systems
In the realm of agricultural research, this study delves into the ecological state of agricultural land use, shedding light on significant trends in the transformation of land relations. The article meticulously evaluates the ecological state of land by considering the degree of anthropogenic load. Through rigorous analysis, it establishes the coefficient of ecological stability of the territory, providing valuable insights into the intensity of land use. The research also formulates diverse scenarios depicting the functioning of contemporary agroecosystems within agricultural land use. Furthermore, the study identifies pivotal pathways for a successful transition toward an adaptive farming system, crucial for the establishment of efficient agricultural land use. This research area specifically focuses on investigating the impact of ecological sustainability of the territory on rational land use within agricultural enterprises, emphasizing its paramount importance in the broader context of ensuring food security.
The study delves into a pivotal realm of rural infrastructure management by scrutinizing the efficacy of diverse building survey methodologies. The assessment encompassed laser scanning, total station surveying, and smartphone-enabled LiDAR, encompassing a meticulous evaluation across key dimensions: accuracy, economic cost, and time efficiency. The overarching objective was to pinpoint the most optimal surveying approach tailored for rural landscapes, considering the delicate equilibrium between cost-effectiveness and precision. The study findings illuminate a multifaceted landscape of trade-offs inherent in these methodologies. The findings revealed that the Total Station method, utilizing the GEOMAX ZOOM 10 (2”), emerged as the most expensive among the building measurement techniques, with a cost of 185.04 euros. However, it demonstrated the highest accuracy with an RMS (Root Mean Square) value of 0.0135 m. In contrast, Laser scanning employing the Leica ScanStation C10 had a cost of 149.85 euros, with an RMS value of 0.0205 m. The Lidar method using the iPhone 13 Pro, while being the third most expensive at 128.48 euros, exhibited a comparatively lower accuracy with an RMS value of 0.1694 m. By navigating the intricate interplay between economic considerations and the imperative for precise infrastructure management, this study endeavours to foster sustainable, efficient, and economically viable approaches in rural infrastructure development. The insights garnered herein endeavour to bridge the gap between precision and financial prudence, fostering a pragmatic balance in survey method selection for rural infrastructure initiatives.
Water resources are crucial for sustaining human life, industry, agriculture, and ecosystems. However, increasing pressure on these resources, pollution of water sources and climate change pose serious challenges to their effective management. It was determined that the water resources of Ukraine have great potential for the development of society, but they require effective management taking into account the principles of sustainable development. It is substantiated that the formation of the fundamental scientific basis for the evaluation of water resources of Ukraine should be based on the use of ecological and economic approaches, in particular, on the study of the water balance, assessment of ecosystem services, cost analysis and other tools for determining the ecological and economic value of water resources. A comparison of the indicators of the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 "Ensuring the availability and rational use of water resources and sanitation for all" between Ukraine and Poland was carried out. The study revealed certain differences and similarities in the level of achievement of both countries in this direction. Based on the results of the study, it was established that ecological and economic approaches to the assessment of water resources are effective tools for determining their value and making rational decisions about their management, which allows taking into account not only economic aspects, but also the impact on ecosystems and human health.
