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This case study investigated profitability of a small stand of fast-grown Eucalyptus nitens in Canterbury for sawn timber production. This stand was pruned and thinned and then harvested at 15 years old. An estimate of per-hectare log yields and diameters was made from the stand. Sample logs were sawn, dried and profiled, then products quantified....
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... The positive relationship between log diameter and sawn timber conversion is well established in wood processing, as is the negative relationship with log taper (Moore & Cown 2015;Steele 1984). The same sawing pattern was used in earlier studies to process Eucalyptus nitens and E. regnans logs with a portable sawmill, and in these studies slightly lower recoveries were obtained, likely due to increased movement (distortion) of the boards as they were cut (Satchell & Turner 2011;Satchell 2015). Previous experience with processing poplar logs in the United States recommended using the saw-dryrip method to help reduce timber distortion (Maeglin 1985), however downgrade due to excessive distortion did not occur in this study which means that timber could be cut to its final dimensions in the green state. ...
Background: While poplar (Populus spp.) is an important source of raw materials for the wood processing sector in many regions of the world, in New Zealand it has a reputation for producing poor grade recoveries of sawn timber that is unsuitable for structural applications. However, the ‘Kawa’ poplar clone (Populus deltoides Marshall x P. yunnanensis Dode), which has relatively high wood density, could yield structural timber. This, along with evidence demonstrating building code compliance, would improve utilisation options for this species in New Zealand. Methods: Sawn timber conversion and grade recovery were quantified for a 28-year-old pruned stand of ‘Kawa’ poplar grown in Northland, New Zealand. A sample of 90 mm x 45 mm structural boards were tested to determine their mechanical properties and the resulting strength class. Boron preservative retention and penetration were measured to determine whether timber could be treated to the level required under New Zealand’s building standards. Density, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were assessed on small defect-free specimens taken from different radial and vertical positions within trees to determine intra-stem and inter-stem variation in these properties. Results: The overall conversion of logs to sawn timber was 53%, with approximately 94% of this recovery consisting of graded timber. The most common sources of downgrade were knots, pruning wounds, and end-splits. Approximately 70% of the sawn boards were graded as clears, with smaller recoveries of cladding and structural boards. The average length of clear section was approximately 2.5 m. Mechanical testing of structural boards demonstrated that they have characteristic values sufficient to meet the requirements for the SG10 strength class. Preservative treatment achieved the H1.2 specification. Density, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were all higher in specimens cut from the outside of the log compared with those taken from near the pith at all heights up the stem. Conclusions: Mechanical properties and boron treatment results indicate suitability for structural applications in accordance with New Zealand’s building code. ‘Kawa’ poplar also produced high grade recoveries suggesting potential for commercial sawn timber production, especially for structural appearance products.
... 46,600 hectares; (Swain et al. 2013)] and New Zealand [c. 10,000 (Satchell 2015)]. As with many other eucalypts of economic interest, E. nitens plantations have been primarily used for supplying the pulpwood industry, but there has been increasing interest in solid-wood products in Australia due to many forestry companies and organizations having a strategic need for diversification of sites and markets . ...
... SilviScan® derived-data were used to examine genetic variation in MFA in Eucalyptus nitens (Deane et Maiden) Maiden, a major plantation eucalypt grown in several countries, including Chile, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia Swain et al. 2013;Satchell 2015;INFOR 2017). E. nitens is the second most important hardwood plantation in Australia with around 234,000 hectares (Downham and Gavran 2020). ...
This thesis investigates the phenotypic and genetic variation of key wood traits of Eucalyptus nitens affecting pulp-wood and solid-wood production systems. E. nitens is grown in cool-temperate regions mainly for pulp production, but increasingly for solid-wood products such as timber and veneer. Tree breeders and forest managers thus need to understand how genetics and environment impact both product streams.
... SilviScan ® derived-data were used to examine genetic variation in MFA in E. nitens (Deane et Maiden) Maiden, a major plantation eucalypt grown in several countries, including Chile, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia INFOR 2017;Satchell 2015;Swain et al. 2013). E. nitens is the second most important hardwood plantation in Australia with around 234,000 ha (Downham and Gavran 2020). ...
Microfibril angle (MFA) is a key biological trait contributing to wood stiffness, which is a common breeding objective for solid wood products in many tree species. To explore its genetic architecture, area-weighted MFA was measured in two Eucalyptus nitens progeny trials in Tasmania, Australia, with common open-pollinated families. Radial strips were extracted from 823 trees in 131 families and MFA assessed using SilviScan-2®. Heritability, genotype-by-environment interaction and inter-trait genetic correlations were evaluated to examine the genetic variability and stability of MFA and its relationships with other solid wood and pulpwood selection traits. Significant family variation was found for MFA in both trials. There was no significant genotype-by-environment interaction and the across-site narrow-sense heritability was 0.27. MFA was genetically independent of basic density, growth, and tree form. However, MFA was strongly and favourable genetically correlated to acoustic wave velocity in standing trees, modulus of elasticity and kraft pulp yield (KPY). The present study has shown that genetic improvement of E. nitens for pulpwood selection traits is unlikely to have adversely affected MFA, and thus timber stiffness. Rather these results suggest the possibility that selection for increased KPY may have indirectly improved MFA favourably for solid wood products.
... Expert opinion was obtained from the NZ Farm Forestry Association to enable the total area of small woodlots in New Zealand to be estimated. Then, recovery rate and an average stumpage price were allocated using values from Satchell (2015) to estimate Eucalyptus stand asset value by age class and region. The inventory age of the forests was used to discount the end of rotation value. ...
... Eucalypt wood has a wide range of potential end uses . Prices vary from $20 m -3 to $1200 m -3 depending on the quality of the wood, the level of processing, and the place in the supply chain (Satchell, 2015). The weighted stumpage price was used in the current study (Table 2) except where noted otherwise. ...
... Eucalypt wood product stumpage value fromSatchell (2015) Benefit : cost of controlling Paropsis charybdis using chemical methods Oji Fibre Solutions NZ Ltd). Data obtained from plantation managers were used to estimate the average stocking densities for different species: 75-80% for E. nitens and 20-25% for E. fastigata or E. regnans. ...
The problem
A number of tree species in the genus Eucalyptus L’Her are grown in New Zealand on a small scale.
However, the economic value of this resource is not known. The economic impact of damage caused
by a pest, the eucalyptus tortoise beetle (Paropsis charybdis), to Eucalyptus species in grown in New
Zealand is also not defined.
The current approach
The standing Eucalyptus crop in New Zealand was valued in terms of projected yield and other
ecosystem services. Also, the cost of Paropsis charybdis damage to Eucalyptus forests was
estimated along with the costs and benefits of chemical and biological control of this pest.
Key results
The total planted area of Eucalyptus species in New Zealand was estimated to be 27,598 ha with a
standing volume of 8.1 million m3
, with a conservative asset value of 402-$503 million worth of Eucalyptus stands have a high potential of being damaged by P.
charybdis.
... Recent development of Eucalyptus spp. plantations for solid wood (Satchell, 2015) and ground-durable timber (Millen, 2011) has led to the re-examination of larval biological control agents from Tasmania (Withers et al., 2012). ...
The compatibility of the egg parasitoid guild of Paropsis charybdis (Col.: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand with the predicted phenology of Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a proposed new larval biocontrol agent Report title The compatibility of the egg parasitoid guild of Paropsis charybdis (Col.: Chrysomelidae) in New Zealand with the predicted phenology of Eadya daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a proposed new larval biocontrol agent
Paropsis charybdis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has been a major pest of Eucalyptus spp. since invading New Zealand from Australia over 100 years ago. Here, we report on the phenology, egg parasitism and defoliation levels of P. charybdis at two Eucalyptus nitens plantations in the central North Island of New Zealand and assess the establishment prospects and potential impact of a new biological control agent, the larval parasitoid Eadya daenerys. Field monitoring found that 90–100% of first generation P. charybdis eggs emerged, showing that the existing egg parasitoids Enoggera nassaui (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Neopolycystus insectifurax (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) are ineffective at controlling this generation. Further field monitoring revealed effective control of second generation eggs by E. nassaui and N. insectifurax despite the presence of Baeoanusia albifunicle (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a hyperparasitoid of E. nassaui. Phenology data show that first generation P. charybdis larvae will likely be synchronous with the adult emergence of E. daenerys (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) the new larval endoparasitoid proposed to be introduced from Australia. Climate matching predicts E. daenerys could establish in all areas of New Zealand where P. charybdisimpacted Eucalyptus spp. plantations are grown. The addition of a larval endoparasitoid could significantly contribute to the suppression of P. charybdis by decreasing first generation larval survival.
