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It is a Joint Study Report submitted to International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) BRAC-Dhaka IWMI-New Delhi.
We analyzed how farmers were adapting to this changing climate and to a changing social and economic context in and out of the villages. We found that many farmers change their behaviors and adapt their agricultural practices th...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Figure 1 gives an overview of this zone sharing the same agro-ecological characteristics but divided by the India/Bangladesh border. ...
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... has to be noted that the market access is better in Nadia than in the two other districts, most probably this can be related to the proximity of the district with Kolkata. Also for Bangladesh, Figure 10 presents the percentage of Unions with access to marketing facilities, such as fertilizer, seed shops, mills, threshing machine facilities. Analysis also reveals that in all the surveyed unions in Bangladesh, farmers have access to marketing facilities like rice mills, threshing machine, pump agent, and fertilizer or seed shops. ...
Context 3
... Bangladesh, 70 to 80% of the paddy farmers in the surveyed villages in Gopalganj and Faridpur districts sell their harvest to a middleman and they are 65 to 70% to do so in Chuadanga and Meherpur districts. The rest of them sell their harvest in the wholesale market ( Figure 11). ...
Context 4
... the access is complicated by the poor quality of the road network. Indeed, only 57% of the surveyed villages are accessible via a pucca (all weather) road, whereas the others rely on low quality and dirt roads, whose conditions are especially bad in rainy season ( Figure 12). In Bangladesh also, in the low lying areas, road communication and availability of transport is relatively poor and as a result farmers face communication problems. ...
Context 5
... real per capita income in Bangladesh has increased by more than 130% as compared to 1971. According to BBS estimates of poverty in 2010, 31% of the population still lives below the upper poverty line, whereas it was 40% in 2005 and 49% in 2000 ( Figure 13). In West Bengal, in rural areas, 22% of the households are considered as lying below the poverty line in 2012 whereas they were 29% in 2010(GoI 2012), these rates are based on monthly per capita consumption expenditures estimated at Rs. 783 per person per month in rural West Bengal. ...
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... West Bengal, in rural areas, 22% of the households are considered as lying below the poverty line in 2012 whereas they were 29% in 2010(GoI 2012), these rates are based on monthly per capita consumption expenditures estimated at Rs. 783 per person per month in rural West Bengal. Figure 13. Percentage of households below the (upper) poverty line in Bangladesh (CBM method) ...
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... the first group gathers the households with the highest scores of domestic assets index; similarly, the third group assembles household with the lowest scores and consequently the household with the less assets, the second group is the one with medium level households in terms of the domestic assets. Figure 14 provides ...
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... previously, after calculating the scores we divided the samples into three quantiles (the upper, the middle and the lower). Figure 15 presents the productive asset index information for each study area households from the two areas for ease of comparison. ...
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... Bangladesh also as seen in the previous section, despite substantial reduction in poverty rate, a very high proportion of the population still lives below the poverty line, and for them food insecurity remains a major issue. Prevalence of malnutrition is also very high among children and is manifested through high proportion of stunting and wasting (Figure 16). Intensive focus in agricultural investment and innovations has enabled the country to attain self-sufficiency in rice production; this is indeed very important as rice is the staple food and provides about two-third of the average calorie-intake of the Bangladeshis (WFP, UNICEF and GoB 2009). ...
Context 10
... respondents from Bangladesh reported that harvest loss has happened mostly by climate shock, pest attack and disease. In Bangladesh, farmers in Faridpur district, Bangladesh are more severely affected by climatic shocks as compared to their counter parts ( Figure 17). This is mainly due to late transplantation of boro crop in Faridpur district and thus late harvest where climatic shock such as cyclone Mohashen 10 affected people's lives, properties and damaged agricultural produces on that time. ...
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... a large number of respondents noted the sharp increase in the food prices and the negative consequences this may have on food security of the most vulnerable sections of the communities. The daily wages also follow the inflation trends, but as confirmed by the Figure 18, the purchasing power of the lower categories of the communities is declining and threatens their food security. Below are the prices of a series of food item for West Bengal and Bangladesh. ...
Context 12
... we also previously noted than 70% of the villages have a PDS shop which gives access to subsidized food item (rice, wheat, sugar) to holder of BPL cards, which is the case of 21% of the surveyed households in West Bengal. The prices are the prices usually paid by the households; prices were collected in INR and BDT and are here ( Figure 19, Table 16) converted into USD for comparison purpose. ...
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... in the same unit the food prices are slightly higher in Bangladesh in spite of the high inflation striking West Bengal in the recent years ( Figure 19). While comparing between the districts of the two countries, we find very similar patterns. ...
Context 14
... other aspect of food-security is that food insecurity and especially food shortage is a seasonal phenomenon. Analytical results for month-wise (according to the Bengali calendar) detailed food shortage status of the surveyed households is illustrated below ( Figure 21). It must be mentioned here that the proportions presented in this figure are calculated out of those households who have faced at least one food shortage during the last year for Bangladesh whereas the entire 600 household are considered for West Bengal. ...
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... across the border. The reason is mainly due to the high cost of water for the buyers which incentivises them to limit their irrigations. Then, water buyers in West Bengal have boro yield which are 8% below the yields of electric pump owners but they use 34% less of water, this means that they might have a more effective usage of groundwater (Fig. 31). The access to land is a second clear cut-off in terms of water productivity. In Bangladesh and in West Bengal, smaller farmers managed to reach higher water productivity level as compared to larger farmers ( Figure 32). This occurs in spite of a better access to innovations and technologies for larger farmers (see Sections 8.2.2 and ...
Context 16
... West Bengal, to follow the groundwater trends, we rely on water tables measured in some wells in pre and post monsoon from 1990 to 2011 by SWID ( Figure 41). Negative trends are registered in Malda and in Murshidabad which is consistent with the presence of semi-critical blocks in these districts. ...
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