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There are two types of primary dysmenorrhea (spasmodic and congestive) which differ from each other in terms of the occurrence time in menstrual cycle, pain quality and other symptoms. The present study aimed to determine the effect of acupressure at the Sanyinjiao point (SP-6) on severity of menstrual symptoms (primary outcome) and the duration of...
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... In addition, Sohrabiet al. study, concluded that severity in the first and second months after treatment in the acupressure group was significantly lower than the ibuprofen group. (23) In our study, there is pain reduction in primary dysmenorrhea after application of acupressure points as we used 6 points for total 30 mins of duration applied 3 -7 days prior to menstrual cycle (5mins for each point bilaterally). Therefore, it is concluded that because of our given protocol we got the significant results. ...
... Even if dysmenorrhea disturbs day-to-day activities,there is unawareness about its management among females.Dysmenorrhea poses a unique challenge to outcome research in homeopathy, as conventional drugs like NSAIDS havea failure rate of 20-25% along with sideeffects. 1,10 Primary dysmenorrhea may manifest as a single symptom, but its management has to bemultipronged, considering its Results:Seven participants dropped out (MP:3, IHMs:4).In the IHMs group, Natrum muriaticum was the most frequently prescribed medication. Statistically significant intragroup changes over different timepoints were elicited in both groups (all P< 0.05, paired t-tests, andrepeatedly measured one-way analysis of variance).Except on the 2 nd day of the menstrual cycle after 1 month (P 0-1 =0.350, unpaired t-test), group differences in menstrual pain NRS on day 1 [P 0-1 =0.007, P 0-2 =0.0004, P 0-3 =0.0001] and day 2 [P 0-2 =0.004, P 0-3 =0.020] and VMSS [total P 0-3 =0.0001, physical P 0-3 =0.0001, psychological P 0-3 =0.0001, and social P 0-J West Bengal Univ Health Sci | Vol. 3 | Issue 3 | January 2023 multifactorial causations. ...
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea refers topainful menstruation in the absence of any pelvic pathology.Itis a common and often debilitating gynaecological complaint among adolescent and adult females, affecting their quality of life. According to homeopathic philosophy, medicines are prescribed based on individualization as per the totality of symptoms. However, different literature also shows the clinical utility ofMagnesiumphosphoricum (MP) in lowering pain of primary (spasmodic) dysmenorrhea, especially in 6X potency. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MP 6X against individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs).
... Research related to single point suppression is research that has been carried out by Hasanah, (2010) from the results of this research it was discovered that there was a reduction in pain severity. of 1.03 points after being given acupressure therapy. Similarly, research conducted by Mahboobeh, (2013) and Charandabi, Alizadeh, (2011), states that acupressure can significantly reduce primary menstrual pain. ...
... In their study reported that approximately 5-10% of students, the late teenagers are suffering from severe spasmodic pain 8 . The majority of the adolescents (60%) reported dysmenorrhea, with 14% saying that they frequently missed school because of painful menstrual cramps [3][4][5][6][7] . According to studies from India, 70.2 % of women experience dysmenorrhea 9 . ...
In India, Dysmenorrhea is estimated to be present among 40-50% of the women population 1. Those with severe focus result in work or school absence of up to 15% and in mild forms medication was not required or sometimes over-the-counter analgesics in about 30%of the cases 2. The majority of adolescents (60%) reported dysmenorrhea, with 14% saying they frequently missed school because of severe menstrual cramps 3. Those students are not responding to medical management should be considered for further Investigation. A True experimental study with sixty students was selected, out of which 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups through simple random sampling technique (lottery method). Sp6 points on one leg for 10 minutes were given for the experimental group. INTRODUCTION In India, dysmenorrhea is estimated to be present among 40-50% of the women population. Those with severe focus result in work or school absence15% and in mild forms medication was not required or sometimes over-the-counter analgesics in about 30% 1-3. A study was conducted in Sweden inference that increase 50% of all menstruating students feels few discomfort incidences are 33.5% among students in India 5. Students consist of 1/5 th population of females globally. Students under 19 years consist of one-quarter population of India 6. In South India 49.5% of dysmenorrhea and in Karnataka 87.87% 7,15,16. In their study reported that approximately 5-10% of students, the late teenagers are suffering from severe spasmodic pain 8. The majority of the adolescents (60%) reported dysmenorrhea, with 14% saying that they frequently missed school because of painful menstrual cramps 3-7. According to studies from India, 70.2 % of women experience dysmenorrhea 9. Most patients experienced pain for one to two days during their period. Pain persisted for 1-2 days for 23.2% of the dysmenorrhea girls 16. Exhaustion was the most frequent symptom during the menstrual cycle in both dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea girls, and back pain came in second 17. Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among nursing students and is one of the leading causes of absenteeism. Their study findings suggested that the need for educating adolescent girls on appropriate and effective management of dysmenorrhea. Statistics findings from different research studies conducted earlier show that absence from school due to primary dysmenorrhea is 34-50% 18-19. Acupressure treatment is a nursing intervention that can help people become more creative, productive, effective at work, and have higher standards of living 10. It is referred to as a healing art that restores the body's own inherent healing processes and creative skills by skilfully pressing specific areas with the fingers 11. Pushing these trigger points reduces muscular tension, stimulates blood flow, and activates the body's natural healing energy. The acupressure point'SP6' used for the menstruation pain. The point was placed in four fingers above the medial, lateral malleolus bone 12-14 .The above findings
... In their study reported that approximately 5-10% of students, the late teenagers are suffering from severe spasmodic pain 8 . The majority of the adolescents (60%) reported dysmenorrhea, with 14% saying that they frequently missed school because of painful menstrual cramps [3][4][5][6][7] . According to studies from India, 70.2 % of women experience dysmenorrhea 9 . ...
In India, Dysmenorrhea is estimated to be present among 40-50% of the women population 1. Those with severe focus result in work or school absence of up to 15% and in mild forms medication was not required or sometimes over-the-counter analgesics in about 30%of the cases 2. The majority of adolescents (60%) reported dysmenorrhea, with 14% saying they frequently missed school because of severe menstrual cramps 3. Those students are not responding to medical management should be considered for further Investigation. A True experimental study with sixty students was selected, out of which 30 experimental groups and 30 control groups through simple random sampling technique (lottery method). Sp6 points on one leg for 10 minutes were given for the experimental group. INTRODUCTION In India, dysmenorrhea is estimated to be present among 40-50% of the women population. Those with severe focus result in work or school absence15% and in mild forms medication was not required or sometimes over-the-counter analgesics in about 30% 1-3. A study was conducted in Sweden inference that increase 50% of all menstruating students feels few discomfort incidences are 33.5% among students in India 5. Students consist of 1/5 th population of females globally. Students under 19 years consist of one-quarter population of India 6. In South India 49.5% of dysmenorrhea and in Karnataka 87.87% 7,15,16. In their study reported that approximately 5-10% of students, the late teenagers are suffering from severe spasmodic pain 8. The majority of the adolescents (60%) reported dysmenorrhea, with 14% saying that they frequently missed school because of painful menstrual cramps 3-7. According to studies from India, 70.2 % of women experience dysmenorrhea 9. Most patients experienced pain for one to two days during their period. Pain persisted for 1-2 days for 23.2% of the dysmenorrhea girls 16. Exhaustion was the most frequent symptom during the menstrual cycle in both dysmenorrhea and non-dysmenorrhea girls, and back pain came in second 17. Dysmenorrhea is highly prevalent among nursing students and is one of the leading causes of absenteeism. Their study findings suggested that the need for educating adolescent girls on appropriate and effective management of dysmenorrhea. Statistics findings from different research studies conducted earlier show that absence from school due to primary dysmenorrhea is 34-50% 18-19. Acupressure treatment is a nursing intervention that can help people become more creative, productive, effective at work, and have higher standards of living 10. It is referred to as a healing art that restores the body's own inherent healing processes and creative skills by skilfully pressing specific areas with the fingers 11. Pushing these trigger points reduces muscular tension, stimulates blood flow, and activates the body's natural healing energy. The acupressure point'SP6' used for the menstruation pain. The point was placed in four fingers above the medial, lateral malleolus bone 12-14 .The above findings
... In the study, the students with primary dysmenorrhea were found to have menstruation pain complaints in their mother/sister. The results are compatible with the study results 31,[33][34][35] . Women prefer pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatment methods such as analgesics, hot application, acupressure, herbal teas, and massage while coping with primary dysmenorrhea 3 . ...
Objective: Dysmenorrhea causes women who are working and students to lose business power, school absenteeism, and serious economic loss. This study was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of acupressure to reduce the pain of dysmenorrhea. Material-Method: This study is a randomized controlled experimental trial that was conducted. The population of the study consisted of 480 female students, between November 2016- and June 2017. The sample of the study was determined as a minimum of 38 individuals for each group using power analysis. 90 female students, who met the inclusion criteria and signed informed consent forms, were included in the sample. The data were collected using Information Form, Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire, and Visual Analog Scale. Acupressure was applied to the acupuncture points of hand and foot areas in the experimental group in the company with music for 10 minutes. The control group was made to relax in the company with music for 10 minutes. Pain assessment was performed with VAS before the procedure and on the 30th, 60th, and 120th minutes after the procedure for both groups. The data were assessed using the Chi-square test, Yates chi-square Fisher exact test, numbers, and percentages. Results: The present study had more application points (LI4 and SP6 on both arms and legs) and a shorter application time (10–12 minutes) and the experimental group’s pain measurements 30th, 60th, and 120th minutes after the procedure decreased considerably. Conclusion: Acupressure is a very effective means of decreasing dysmenorrhea. It can be assumed that applying acupressure with the same intensity for a shorter time is effective in reducing menstrual pain.
... Titik Sanyinjiao merupakan salah satu titik akupuntur atau tempat pertemuan saluran limpa, hati, dan ginjal yang terdapat pada meridian limpa di atas empat jari di sisi medial pergelangan kaki di belakang ujung posterior tulang kering. Titik ini merupakan titik yang mudah dijangkau dan dapat dilakukan tanpa bantuan tenaga medis (Charandabi et al., 2011). ...
Menstrual pain management measures or non-pharmacological therapy are alternative interventions or combinations in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain. Non-pharmacological therapy is a cheap, simple and safe therapy that uses physiological processes, one of which is massage effleurage and acupressure. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of effleurage massage and Sanyinjiao point acupressure on the intensity of menstrual pain. The research design method used was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test two design. The sample used was 68 female students who experienced menstrual pain in both groups. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann-Whitney test. In the Wilcoxon marked ranking test, the study of the effleurage massage group showed a p value = 0.000, then there was an effect after doing the effleurage massage, and the acupressure group showed a p value = 0.000, so there was an effect after applying acupressure on the menstrual pain scale. In conclusion, non-pharmacological therapy, massage effleurage and acupressure are effective in reducing the intensity of menstrual pain in female students. In the Mann-Whitney test, there are differences in the effect of effleurage massage and acupressure in overcoming menstrual pain, and the difference in the intensity of menstrual pain from the effect of effleurage massage is 44.09 greater than acupressure 24.91, p = 0.000. Acupressure is more effective than massage effleurage in dealing with menstrual pain, because acupressure therapy with a focus on the sanyinjiao point can increase endorphins levels and relieve pain more quickly.
... Contraceptive pills and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly used in the treatment of PD [3,5,14,15]. Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine technique involving the use of fingers and palms for noninvasive nursing intervention [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. The method is also easy to learn and teach, low-cost, and simple and does not have negative side effects, and every person can utilize this method anywhere by themselves [1,[16][17][18][19]. ...
... Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine technique involving the use of fingers and palms for noninvasive nursing intervention [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. The method is also easy to learn and teach, low-cost, and simple and does not have negative side effects, and every person can utilize this method anywhere by themselves [1,[16][17][18][19]. Acupressure is one of the complementary treatment methods for PD, which is widely used [14,20,22]. ...
... The characteristics of the 28 studies are presented in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The studies were conducted in 8 different countries, mostly in Iran [4,5,14,17,19,20,24,26,[32][33][34] and Taiwan [1,2,22,23,25,35,36]. The other countries were Germany [15], China [18], Korea [3,16], United States of America (USA) [37,38], India [39][40][41], and Indonesia [42]. ...
Background:
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) improves autonomic balance and reduces oxidative stress in subjects with chronic diseases, that decreases the risk of low-grade chronic inflammatory diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. However, these beneficial effects have never been demonstrated in healthy subjects. Objectives: To evaluate the acute effects of TEAS on autonomic balance and oxidative stress of healthy subjects.
Methods:
A randomized clinical trial was conducted with male healthy subjects (18-30 years old), randomly allocated to control (no intervention; n = 14), placebo (placebo intervention; n = 14) and TEAS group (at PC5 and PC6 acupoints; n = 13). The protocol consisted of accommodation (20 min), intervention (40 min), and recovery (30 min) periods. The acute effects of TEAS on hemodynamics were studied through measurements of heart rate, blood pressure and double product; on the autonomic nervous system by assessing heart rate variability; and on oxidative stress by quantifying reactive oxygen species in saliva samples, collected at the end of each period.
Results:
TEAS increased heart rate and double-product compared to control and placebo groups (p < 0.01). Moreover, TEAS increased sympathetic and reduced parasympathetic tonus, increasing the sympathovagal balance compared to the control and placebo groups. However, TEAS exerted no effect on oxidative stress in saliva samples.
Conclusion:
In healthy subjects, TEAS at PC5 and PC6 acupoints acutely improved autonomic balance, increasing sympathetic and reducing parasympathetic tonus, reflecting little improvement on hemodynamic responses. Whether it could be used as a cardioprotective strategy remains uncertain since it exerted no effect on oxidative stress.
... Contraceptive pills and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are commonly used in the treatment of PD [3,5,14,15]. Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine technique involving the use of fingers and palms for noninvasive nursing intervention [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. The method is also easy to learn and teach, low-cost, and simple and does not have negative side effects, and every person can utilize this method anywhere by themselves [1,[16][17][18][19]. ...
... Acupressure is a traditional Chinese medicine technique involving the use of fingers and palms for noninvasive nursing intervention [1,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. The method is also easy to learn and teach, low-cost, and simple and does not have negative side effects, and every person can utilize this method anywhere by themselves [1,[16][17][18][19]. Acupressure is one of the complementary treatment methods for PD, which is widely used [14,20,22]. ...
... The characteristics of the 28 studies are presented in Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The studies were conducted in 8 different countries, mostly in Iran [4,5,14,17,19,20,24,26,[32][33][34] and Taiwan [1,2,22,23,25,35,36]. The other countries were Germany [15], China [18], Korea [3,16], United States of America (USA) [37,38], India [39][40][41], and Indonesia [42]. ...
Primary dysmenorrhea is defined as cramping pain in the lower abdomen with no pelvic diseases, and it has a high prevalence in many countries. Acupressure is a widely used complementary treatment method for primary dysmenorrhea. This review examined experimental studies to determine the effects of acupressure on primary dysmenorrhea using the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL with the keywords “Acupressure” and “Dysmenorrhea”. There were 2227 records in the databases, and 330 articles were published between 1989 and March 2020. Experimental studies in the English language were reviewed according to the PRISMA guidelines. This review included 28 published studies that were assessed using the Jadad score for quality. The studies were categorized as studies of acupressure at the LR3 point (n = 4), at the SP6 point (n = 9), at auricular points (n = 5), at multiple points (n = 8), and with devices (n = 2). Moreover, studies of self-acupressure (n = 9) were identified. The studies demonstrated that acupressure could reduce menstrual symptoms, the severity and duration of menstrual pain, distress, and anxiety. Furthermore, it helped improve the quality of life and well-being of patients and provide psychological support and self-care. Acupressure is an inexpensive, easy-to-apply, and non-pharmacological treatment and is useful for reducing primary dysmenorrhea, and women can apply this method anywhere by themselves. However, high-quality randomized controlled trials with larger samples are necessary to establish the evidence for acupressure as an effective intervention.
... [1] These conditions come into existence at the time of first menstruation or shortly thereafter and last for 48--72 h. [2,3] Mood changes, fatigue, headache, nausea, and edema during menstruation are reported with dysmenorrhea. Negative consequences of dysmenorrhoea may include impaired quality of personal and social life, mood disorders, sleep disturbance, and limitation of usual daily activities. ...
Background:
Primary dysmenorrhea is the most common complaint of women. Imbalance secretion of prostaglandin from the endometrium during menstruation cycle is effective in primary dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding. The aim of this study was to compare rosemary capsule and mefenamic acid on menstrual bleeding and primary dysmenorrhea.
Materials and methods:
This randomized double-blinded study was conducted on 82 students with primary dysmenorrhea in the Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in 2016. Participants had moderate dysmenorrhea and normal menstrual bleeding. No intervention was carried out at the two cycles. During the next two cycles, participants were randomly divided into two groups (rosemary and mefenamic acid(. Participants in the intervention group received 250 mg rosemary capsules and the control group received 250 mg mefenamic acid capsules in the first 3 days of menstruation. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to determine the severity of pain and Hingham chart to determine the amount of bleeding in menstruation. Independent t-tests, Mann--Whitney were used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
Pain intensity score standard deviation (SD) before and after intervention for rosemary group were 40.39 (11.41) and 23.57 (12.78) (t41 = 9.90, p < 0.001). For the control group, they were 46.75 (13.32) and 28.29 (17.21) (t39 = 9.10, p < 0.001). Menstrual bleeding score (SD) before and after intervention for rosemary group were 55.21 (21.32) and 46.30 (24.16) (t41 = 2.60, p = 0.01). For the control group, they were 51.05 (23.87) and 43.43 (29.47) (t39 = 2.10, p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the pain severity and menstrual bleeding score SD in these two groups.
Conclusions:
Rosemary capsules reduce the menstrual bleeding and primary dysmenorrhea the same as mefenamic acid capsules.
