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Sample description of respondents reporting being nervous and/or anxious, SHARE data (8th wave), unweighted.

Sample description of respondents reporting being nervous and/or anxious, SHARE data (8th wave), unweighted.

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Article
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Objective: Governments across the world have deployed a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Certain NPIs, like limiting social contacts or lockdowns, had negative consequences for mental health in the population. Especially elder people are prone to mental illnesses during the current pandemic. T...

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Context 1
... reported that they felt more depressed since the beginning of COVID-19. Table 3 shows the characteristics of people who reported to be nervous and/or anxious. Their average age was 71.3 years. ...

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Citations

... Two of the studies found that the extent of the stringency of the epidemic control measures in some 25 European countries and Israel was related to an increased prevalence of feelings of sadness/depression [8,13]. However, a third study based on this same database concluded that the stringency of such non-pharmaceutical interventions showed inconsistent associations with depression and anxiety [14]. Interestingly, a fourth SHARE-based study found that the epidemic control measures were protective of mental health, or at least neutral [15]. ...
... Several of these same variables have been reported to be correlated with depression outcomes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic as well. For example, age [14], gender [11,34], economic status, [35] and marital status [11,34] were all variously related to post-outbreak depression in the studies cited. Health or disability was similarly related [36]. ...
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This study examined the correlates of change in the depressed state among people aged 65 and older during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, particularly the effects of crucial pandemic-related variables. Data were drawn from the longitudinal Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), including information obtained from two special pandemic-related telephone interviews (N = 18, 266). The analysis regressed depressed state soon after the outbreak (T1) and again a year later (T2), on four pandemic-related variables (infection status, the stringency of control measures, and two forms of social network contact during the pandemic: face-to-face contact and communication through electronic means), controlling for baseline depression and health, sociodemographic variables, personality traits, and social network characteristics. The main findings were threefold. First, the epidemic-control measures were found to increase the likelihood of a depressed state soon after the pandemic outbreak, but not in the longer run. This data suggests that respondents became more resilient about the pandemic and its effects over time. Second, interpersonal contact utilizing electronic media did not reduce depression rates in the long run and increased depressed state in the short run. Thus, as mandated by epidemic-control policy, the promotion of electronic contact instead of face-to-face contact constituted a mental health risk factor. Third, face-to-face contact reduced the likelihood of change for the worse in the rate of depression among the respondents. This last finding underscores the need for older people to have close interpersonal contact, even in times of pandemic.
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