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Article
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Available from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/car.2422/abstract This article begins to build knowledge of how non-violent coercive controlling behaviours can be central to children’s experiences of domestic violence. It considers how children can be harmed by, and resist, coercive controlling tactics perpetrated by their father/father...

Contexts in source publication

Context 1
... not all of the mothers and children were paired. In seven families, the mother and one child were interviewed; in four families, the mother and two of her children participated; and in four families, it was only possible to interview the mother, either because the children were too young or did not wish to participate (see Table 1). It was recognised that the minority of non-participating children would not necessarily agree with their mothers' accounts and that the absence of their interviews represents a limitation in this research. ...
Context 2
... Table 1 shows, except for one young person, the children interviewed were ten-to 14-years old. The exception was 20-year-old John, who still lived with his mother Eloise, and the themes arising from his interview were similar to those of the younger children. ...

Citations

... Dabei werden Be-troffene beispielsweise durch Drohungen eingeschüchtert, die Misshandlung bagatellisiert oder abgestritten, die betroffene Person von Freunden, Familie oder Arbeit isoliert, kritisiert und gedemütigt etc. Ziel ist es häufig, den Willen der betroffenen Person zu brechen und sie in der Beziehung zu halten. Kinder werden davon abgehalten, Zeit mit ihren Müttern zu verbringen, ihre Großeltern oder Freunde zu besuchen oder an außerschulischen Aktivitäten teilzunehmen (Katz 2016). Durch diese Taktik wird u. a. verhindert, dass missbräuchliches Verhalten im häuslichen Umfeld nach außen dringt und Hilfsmaßnahmen angeboten werden. ...
Article
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Zusammenfassung Häusliche Gewalt verursacht nicht nur unermessliches Leid bei den Betroffenen, sondern stellt auch ein gesellschaftspolitisches Problem dar, weil sie im weitesten Sinne Gegengewalt erzeugt. Kinder und Jugendliche, die von elterlicher Paargewalt betroffen sind, haben nicht nur ein höheres Risiko, selbst Opfer von Gewalt zu werden, sondern auch ein höheres Risiko, sich gewalttätig zu verhalten. Die Folgen sind manchmal noch Jahre später zu spüren. Um diesen Teufelskreis zu durchbrechen, ist Gewaltprävention auf den verschiedensten Ebenen notwendig. Dazu müssen alle am Fall beteiligten Fachkräfte zusammenstehen und für die Formen, Auswirkungen und Folgen von häuslicher Gewalt sensibilisiert werden. Der Beitrag des Bedrohungsmanagements besteht u. a. darin, die Fachkräfte bei der Risikoeinschätzung zu unterstützen und Wissen zu vermitteln.
... Further, children are not merely bystanders or witnesses to DFV but are victim-survivors of it in their own right. Child victims of DFV may live in fear of the perpetrator, may feel terror that one of their parents will be harmed or killed by the other, and may continue to be harmed by DFV, even after parental separation (Katz, 2016). Further, DFV commonly occurs together with other forms of child maltreatment, meaning that many children who live with and/or survive DFV are also impacted by physical abuse, emotional abuse and/or neglect . ...
... Understanding whether DFV in families involved with child protection services includes both coercive control and situational couple violence is important because these differing types of DFV may have different impacts on adult and child victims (Johnson, 2006;Johnston, 2006;Katz, 2016). Further, coercive control and situational couple violence may have differing causal factors and require different responses (Armenti et al., 2016;Bernardi & Day, 2015;Cleary Bradley & Gottman, 2012;Haselschwerdt, 2014;Love et al., 2020;McCann, 2021;Schneider & Brimhall, 2014;Stith & McCollum, 2011). ...
Article
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For this study, we conducted a case-file analysis on a sample of 100 domestic and family violence (DFV) related child protection intake reports from the South Australian Department for Child Protection (DCP). The aim of this study was to better understand the characteristics of DFV in families involved with statutory child protection services by determining whether each individual case had characteristics of coercive control or situational couple violence. We used criteria based on established descriptors of coercive control and situational couple violence in the relevant literature to determine whether the information about DFV in the subject family was indicative of either violence type. The results indicated that coercive control and situational couple violence are both likely to make up a significant proportion of DFV seen in families involved with statutory child protection services. Recognising the heterogeneity of differing dynamics and types of violence may help child protection workers to identify appropriate interventions and supports for families impacted by DFV where children are at risk or have been harmed.
... Stark, 2007;Marcus 1994), child focused scholarship has brought children's needs and perspectives to the fore in research, policy, and service responses to domestic abuse (e.g. Callaghan et al., 2018;Katz, 2016;Humphreys & Stanley, 2006;Jaffe et al., 2003;Mullender et al., 2002). These advancements in our knowledge about children and domestic abuse have been substantive and conceptual. ...
... The relationship between children and women can be simultaneously a source of strength and of vulnerability (e.g. Humphreys and Stanley 2006;Baly, 2010;Humphreys et al., 2015;Katz, 2016;Buchanan and Moulding 2021). So, it follows, that to support children's recovery from domestic abuse efforts must be made to strengthen and restore the mother-child relationship. ...
... Just as relationships between children and women can be sources of strength, they can also be sources of vulnerability for children's recovery (e.g. Humphreys and Stanley 2006;Baly, 2010;Katz, 2016;Buchanan and Moulding 2021). For some children, there is a risk that the mother-child relationship is not sufficiently strong, or interventions do not sufficiently strengthen it. ...
Article
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Purpose This article addresses a gap in our understanding of children’s ‘recovery’ from domestic abuse. Whilst the impacts of domestic abuse on children have been well-documented and researched, their recovery from it has been under-theorized. By analyzing qualitative accounts on children’s participation in recovery programmes, the article uses Judith Herman’s trauma recovery model, to make the how of children’s recovery explicit. Methods Conducted in Scotland, the research involved individual qualitative interviews with 14 children (aged 7-15 years) and their 14 mothers, who had completed Cedar, a 12-week therapeutic and peer support group programme. A co-produced approach to initial data analysis foregrounded children and mothers’ own priorities for children’s recovery and afforded findings greater rigor. These priorities were then further analyzed using Herman’s trauma recovery framework. Findings Findings offer insight on the ways in which structures, resources, and values designed into the recovery programmes can mobilize children’s experiences of domestic abuse to help them find safety; make domestic abuse ‘speakable’; as well as provide space for children to mourn the losses resulting from domestic abuse. Findings further indicate the power of group-based interventions and the ways in which they can promote recovery through ideas of nurture and care. Conclusions By using Herman’s theoretical lens for recovery, the article makes a new contribution to understandings of children’s recovery from domestic abuse. It identifies key factors that contribute to children’s ability to recover including: their sense of safety, the role of the mother–child relationship and significance of the child-father relationship.
... An exploration of resilience factors related to CEIPV among adults who identified as growing up in homes where parental violence occurred indicated that "escaping violence" by mentally or physically "leaving home" was common (Katz, 2016). The lower levels of documented IPV in adulthood among youth receiving residential care treatment than those who did not (Huefner et al., 2007) and direct interventions related to CEIPV offered in some campus-based treatment services (Stewart et al., 2010) suggest some unique benefits to out-of-home care for this population. ...
... Kennedy and Holt (2020) describe similar findings of the importance as well as difficulty of practitioners being able to distinguish between trauma associated with CEIPV versus other forms of harm, but part of this difficulty is the lack of inclusion of CEIPV in documentation within these settings. E. Katz (2016) also sagely notes that "domestic violence permeates the everyday lives of children to greater extents than are often considered"(p. 49) and recommends practitioners take this experiences into account in their work with young people. ...
... L. Clark et al., 2020;De Puy et al., 2019;Ingram et al., 2020;Rydstrom et al., 2019). For example, E. Katz (2016) noted the insidious, potentially long-term, impacts of coercive control for young people with CEIPV, irrespective of physical violence. ...
... Acknowledging the important and significant role that positive fathering plays in the lives of children, Humphreys et al. (2019, p. 327) nonetheless caution that the evidence suggests that fathers who use DVA may in fact create more vulnerability than resilience in the lives of their children (Katz, 2016;Heward-Belle, 2016). Notwithstanding this evidence, an enduring distinction remains between violent men and good (enough) fathers, particularly when decisions about contact are being made (Hester & Harne, 1996;Humphreys et al., 2019). ...
Article
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Purpose This article addresses a gap in empirical knowledge on post-separation contact in the context of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) for children with disabilities. The intersection of disability and DVA is explored through the mother’s perspective and brings to the fore the unique experiences of children with disabilities in the post-separation contact space. Methods Known to be a difficult to reach population, the experience of disabled children were captured through in-depth qualitative interviews with a sample of eight victim/survivor mothers. Mothers were recruited through gatekeepers from a voluntary children’s organization and specialist DVA services. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was the most common disability occurring in the sample. Results Three major themes relating to the disabled child’s experience were identified: (i) Courts’ (lack of) consideration of children’s disability in post-separation child contact decision-making; (ii) Disruption to routine; and (iii) Quality of contact. Participating mothers reported that these experiences caused serious emotional distress for the children; distress that was heightened and compounded by their disability status. Conclusion Applying an intersectional lens to the experiences of children with a disability who live with DVA, this study simultaneously illuminates children’s vulnerability and marginalization in this context, whilst also identifying gaps in policy and practice responses to identify and address the individual needs of these children. Lastly, given the nascent evidence base on this topic, research which directly elicits the voice of the child is urgently needed.
... The perpetrator father can be a bad role model in relationships and conflict resolution. The presence of a violent father can negatively affect the relationship between mother and child, prevent children from spending quality time with their mothers, and contribute to children's emotional and behavioral problems (Katz 2016). The witnessing of threats and violence between parents is considered a contributing factor to both becoming a victim and perpetrator of violence (Caetano et al. 2008). ...
Article
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Purpose Our study examines the socio-demographic, forensic psychiatric, and childhood trauma exposure (CTE) data of Turkish intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators and draws comparisons with the violence data. Methods Data of male perpetrators referred to the domestic violence outpatient clinic by judicial authorities between November 2019 and June 2022 were retrospectively examined, with a focus on CTE data. Results The mean age of the male perpetrators examined in the study was 37.1 years. Among the overall sample, 16.2% (n = 17) had experienced violence at school in childhood, and 22.9% (n = 24) had experienced CTE. Regarding the frequency of domestic violence in their households, of the perpetrators admitted to the clinic for IPV, 40% (n = 42) reported rarely, 43.8% (n = 46) sometimes, and 16.2% (n = 17) often engaged in violent acts. There is a significant relationship between the frequency of IPV and the level of CTE (χ2: 13.052, SD: 2, p = 0.001, Cramer’s V: 0.353). Similarly, individuals who witnessed domestic violence during childhood were found to commit partner violence more frequently (χ2: 8.157, SD: 2, p = 0.017, Cramer’s V: 0.279). Conclusions In this study, we found a strong relationship between CTE and IPV. To the best of our knowledge, our study is only example that investigates the relationship between CTE and IPV in a Turkish sample.
... It is notable, that although ten articles were cited to make a case for the scientific basis of PA, they are all written by the same three lead authors or author groups (two if excluding self-citations). It may be that the response authors failed to read our article in detail, where we made clear that successful attempts to use children in custody disputes exist but require 'alternative and well-researched models of understanding' (Stark 2007;Katz 2016;Harsey and Freyd 2020;Dalgarno et al. 2024a). The PA label ought to be avoided, as we explained, since Gardner's original framing of PA(S) was highly misogynistic while reproducing a belief system where primarily mothers served as socalled 'alienators' (e.g. up to 90%). ...
Technical Report
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On the 4th of June 2024, 13 Swedish academics (including the lead author, who is based at UCL in London, UK) and psychologists raised caution related to the use of the so-called ‘parental alienation' belief system in Swedish Family Courts through the article ‘Parental Alienation is Pseudoscience’ published in the Swedish magazine directed at psychologists, ‘Psykologtidningen’. This was followed by two rebuttals both published on the 12th of June 2024, one by a Swedish academic and another by a Swedish journalist. We, a group of 105 international academics, health- and legal professionals from 18 countries, have therefore come together to provide a final rebuttal to the two critical responses claiming that the original article ‘Parental Alienation is Pseudoscience’ lacks scientific basis and is misrepresentative. In this response, we outline the scientific evidence that our original statement builds on and meet the criticism in detail.
... Inspired by the revised Conflict Tactic Scale Injury Subscale 29 , we added two items as proxies for the severity of physical CDV: "whether physical CDV left marks for more than a few minutes" and "whether medical attention was needed. " Based on qualitative CDV literature that centers on coercive control and how children can be used in DV contexts 15,30 , we added two items as proxies for being forced to participate in the violence: "used as a hostage or weapon against a parent" or "forced to spy on a parent." The adapted scale included 15 items. ...
... 44 Third, since there is no known validated CDV scale for young adults or adults, the CDV items we used were adapted from valid and reliable scales [27][28][29] and qualitative CDV research. 15,30 Additionally, though this study was framed as a survey specific to CDV, participants were asked about their general (versus CDV-specific) help-seeking experiences, potentially impacting their responses (utilization and perceived supportiveness). Further, both the CDV and help-seeking variables are dichotomous and did not include information about when they sought help from university resources, thus limiting the nuances (e.g., frequency, unsuccessful attempts) of help-seeking. ...
Article
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the campus resource utilization experiences of university students with childhood domestic violence exposure (CDV) histories. Participants: 368 students attending a large, flagship, land-grant, predominantly White university in the Southeastern United States. Methods: Participants completed a web-based survey with variables including CDV, campus resource utilization and perceptions of said resources, and participant resource suggestions. Results: Most students utilized at least one health-related campus resource, with the student health and counseling centers being the most common and helpful. Suggested areas for institutional and service provider growth include enhanced advertisement and accessibility for existing resources and added support groups. Conclusions: College campuses provide unique opportunities to support young adults with CDV histories. Tailoring programming to students with CDV histories has the potential to improve student's success in and beyond college.
... Sexual violence refers to the sexual abuse and maltreatment of children. Economic control refers to punishing or controlling children by controlling the family economy [6]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Domestic violence, or DV, is a significant socioeconomic problem. Children, being the primary recipients of domestic violence, can experience its effects via either direct or indirect means. Directly, domestic violence can cause emotional problems and attention biases in children themselves. DV can also affect the mental health development of children by affecting the psychological condition of the mother. The emotional, psychological, and cognitive development of children can be adversely affected by domestic abuse. And in the long term these effects may persist into old age, causing irreversible damage to individual development, such as emotional issues and attention bias. This study aims to provide a comprehensive description and analysis of domestic violence and traumatic childhood experiences, focusing on their profound influence on the psychological development of children in both the immediate and prolonged periods. Finally, some recommendations for responding to domestic violence of which children are victims. The present study suggests that teenagers can be influenced by DV starts with the children themselves and their families, and that negative effect of DV on children's development will only be reduced by addressing domestic violence at its source.
... The type of maltreatment reported may also influence jurors' perceptions of coercion. Children experience coercion within cases of sexual abuse (Stolzenberg et al., 2017) as well as other non-violent contexts of maltreatment (Callaghan et al., 2018;Katz, 2016). Though no known research to date has examined the influence of maltreatment type on jurors' perceptions of coercion, it is reasonable to believe that jurors would affirm coercion, and more specifically conclude that children were obligated to comply, in cases of sexual abuse. ...
... In non-sexual cases of maltreatment (e.g., punitive actions, sometimes referred to as "emotional abuse", such as locking a child in a room all day), though adults remain in a place of authority, it is possible that adults view children as less obligated to comply as the form of abuse is perceived as less severe (Lev-Wiesel et al., 2020) and children may be expected to resist. Indeed, in response to nonviolent coercion children devise strategic and adaptive agency including forms of resistance (Callaghan et al., 2018;Katz, 2016). This ability to resist coercion may lead adults to perceive the child as being at greater fault for their actions, regardless of the reality that children are not to blame. ...
... Given that authority can be leveraged by adults to coerce children into sexual compliance (Sgroi, 1982) and children may have greater ability to resist coercion in contexts involving punitive actions (see Callaghan et al., 2018;Katz, 2016), we expected participants in the sexual abuse conditions to perceive children as having (1) less opportunity to say no, (2) less choice to comply, and (3) more obligation to comply, compared to participants in the punitive actions conditions. Furthermore, we expected that in cases of sexual abuse, participants would perceive (4) the child as less responsible and (5) the adult as more to blame, compared to cases involving punitive actions where children may be seen more at fault for their actions (i.e., complying). ...
Article
Regardless of compliance to coercion by an alleged perpetrator, child maltreatment is abuse in any form. However, the extent to which coercion is described as an obligation (mandatory compliance) or permission (optional compliance) is legally relevant. The present investigation examined how attorneys question children about coercion and how children describe coercion in courtroom investigations of alleged child sexual abuse, and whether such language influences jurors’ perceptions of children’s testimony. Study 1 assessed 64 transcripts of children’s testimonies and revealed that both attorneys and children use coercive language. Problematically, terms of permission were used when describing sexual abuse, potentially implying compliance was optional. Study 2 presented 160 adults with transcript excerpts, varied by coercive language (obligation or permission) and maltreatment type (sexual abuse or punishment). Coercive language influenced perceptions of coercion and whether the adult was to blame. Maltreatment type influenced perceptions of severity, credibility, and verdict. Overall, coercive language and maltreatment type influence perceptions of how the event unfolded.