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OBJECTIVES: After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the percentage of children who drop out of school and have undetected disabilities or known environmental risk factors. 2. Describe the ways in which early intervention is effective. 3. Delineate methods of detecting disabilities and development delays. 4. Describe the pe...
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Citations
... However, frequent developmental assessments in different age groups of children are resource-intensive [4]. Although regular screening is recommended for all age groups, many developmentally delayed children still remain unidentified [5]. Inconsistent use of standardized screening tools and a significant delay from parents' first concern to medical consultation lead to substantial delays in correct diagnosis [6,7]. ...
... Firstly, several mental health issues present themselves in uncharacteristic ways (such as defiant behavior in depression) and may go undetected or misdiagnosed (Jellinek et al., 2021). Second, early detection of mental health issues during childhood and adolescence may be crucial in preventing further deterioration while addressing important developmental time windows (Glascoe, 2000). ...
This study assessed feasibility and psychometric properties of the Hebrew parent version of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17), aiming to improve treatment access for children and adolescents with behavioral and mental needs through early screening. The PSC-17 and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were filled in the waiting room, at three ambulatory clinics in a tertiary pediatric center, by 274 parents using a tablet or their cellphone. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from patients' files. PSC results were compared to SDQ results and assessed vis-a-vis a psychiatric diagnosis, determined previously and independently by trained pediatric psychiatrists for 78 pediatric patients who attended these clinics. Construct and discriminant validity of the PSC-17 Hebrew version were good. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values are presented. The PSC-17 (Hebrew version) was found to be a feasible tool for mental health screening at pediatric ambulatory care clinics.
... A previous study suggested that nearly a half of children (30-50%) who have developmental disorders are not identified until school age and so may not be treated early enough (Glascoe, 2000). Therefore, the early detection and appropriate referral of children with DD or disorder are important for pediatricians and behavioral psychologists to begin treating them. ...
Objectives
The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with a risk of suspected developmental delay (SDD) in high-risk children in Thailand.
Methods
We used data on children enrolled for developmental delay (DD) screening across Thailand collected by the Rajanagarindra Institute of Child Development, Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Children who were under 5 years of age with a birth weight of fewer than 2500 g and/or birth asphyxia in Thailand with high risk of DD were assessed using the Developmental Assessment for Intervention Manual (DAIM) between August 2013 and November 2019 (N = 14,314).
Results
The high-risk children who had a gestational age at birth of < 37 weeks (adjusted odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval = 1.39–1.70) and/or had a birth weight < 2500 g (1.22; 1.02–1.45), or had mothers who were not government officers (1.46; 1.11–1.93), had a low education level (1.36; 1.19–1.55), had a poor nutritional status (1.34; 1.09–1.65), and/or who were living in a high-altitude area (1.59; 1.32–1.91) were at a higher risk of SDD.
Conclusions for Practice
Children with a low birth weight and/or asphyxia during birth had a high risk of DD. SDD monitoring of children by community health workers and/or by developing outreach strategies, especially in underserved regions, should be considered. In addition, developing policies and guidelines, and intervention for high-risk children ought to be conducted to reduce the subsequent problems caused by the late detection of DD.
... Previous studies have shown an over-reliance on CWS workers' and foster carers' ability to identify needs, especially needs concerning mental health and development [20][21][22]. Decades of research, and international best practice guidelines, recommend routine comprehensive health assessments shortly after entry into OOHC, using standardized measures, with the purpose of identifying needs, providing early interventions, and making appropriate referrals [2,5,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Current assessment practices vary across countries and jurisdictions, with regards to what is covered by the assessment, type of measures used, type and number of professionals involved, and often there is no health assessment offered at all [17,[31][32][33]. ...
... All analyses were conducted using STATA 16 (STATA Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). As two different teams, one localized in CWS and one in CAMHS, assessed Table 1 Demographic and placement characteristics for children in out-of-home care (0-17 years) assessed with the CARE assessment model between 2017 and 2020 a Because of multiple reasons, the figures exceed the number of children b Indicator variables coded as physical and/or sexual abuse present: Y/N c Includes children exposed to emotional abuse, emotional neglect or physical/practical neglect with no reported exposure to physical or sexual abuse (29) two different age cohorts, analyses were done separately for children aged 0-6 and 7-17. ...
A comprehensive model for routine multi-disciplinary health assessment for children in out-of-home care was piloted in a Norwegian region. This paper reports on identified service needs and mental disorders among 196 children (0–17 years) receiving the assessment. Cross-sectional data was extracted from assessment reports. Results show needs across a range of services, with a mean of 2.8 recommended services for children aged 0–6 and 3.3 for children aged 7–17. Mental disorders were identified in 50% of younger children, and 70% of older children. For all children, overall service need was associated with mental disorders, in addition to male gender among younger children. Need for specialized mental health services was associated with mental disorders among younger children and increasing age among older children. The high frequency of service needs and mental disorders illustrate the importance of offering comprehensive health assessments routinely to this high-risk child population and necessitates coordinated service delivery.
... Many babies develop plagiocephaly, so the incidence in the general population should be monitored. Recent research finds a significant increase and defines plagiocephaly as a risk factor of developmental delays [60][61][62][63]. These authors suggest clinicians to monitor infants with plagiocephaly and to prompt referral to early intervention services, who may identify infants with longer term developmental needs [63]. ...
... Recent research finds a significant increase and defines plagiocephaly as a risk factor of developmental delays [60][61][62][63]. These authors suggest clinicians to monitor infants with plagiocephaly and to prompt referral to early intervention services, who may identify infants with longer term developmental needs [63]. ...
The main stages of neurodevelopment in the pediatric age are well defined and described in the main books of Pediatrics. In recent years, a significant increase in neurodevelopmental delays and disorders has been described in the pediatric literature. It is also well known that intercepting these situations early allows an early intervention, in many cases fundamental, thanks to an early diagnosis and to obtain the best desired results. In Italy all children have the right to free pediatric assistance thanks to the National Health System (SSN). Periodic check-ups (health reports) are foreseen and regulated from birth to 14 years of age. In this study we verified the usefulness of using specific questionnaires to evaluate neurodevelopment particularly in the first 2 years of life during the periodic check-ups. The possibility for pediatricians to have a tool that is easy to compile and based on the well-known stages of neurodevelopment at the different ages in which health assessments are usually carried out, allows situations of delay or defect to be highlighted, identifying them and allowing those who test positive in screening to be referred to specialist centers. Early identification through a questionnaire in which the main stages of neuro-development are listed for different ages allows pediatricians to select the population that really needs a specialist evaluation, avoiding overloading specialist centers. The results of this study on 1993 subjects aged between 1 and 24 months are preliminary and encourage the use of this rapid and cost-free tool (questionnaire) in the early identification of situations worthy of further diagnostic investigation.
... Many babies develop plagiocephaly, so the incidence in the general population should be monitored. Recent research finds a significant increase and defines plagiocephaly as a risk factor of developmental delays [60][61][62][63]. These authors suggest clinicians to monitor infants with plagiocephaly and to prompt referral to early intervention services, who may identify infants with longer term developmental needs [63]. ...
... Recent research finds a significant increase and defines plagiocephaly as a risk factor of developmental delays [60][61][62][63]. These authors suggest clinicians to monitor infants with plagiocephaly and to prompt referral to early intervention services, who may identify infants with longer term developmental needs [63]. ...
... Hence, specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the 3Di-Adult were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity values above 70% were considered good (Glascoe, 2000). No general cut-off scores for a good PPV/NPV exist as these values are dependent on the prevalence of control versus ASD participants in the sample (Tenny & Hoffman, 2020). ...
The current study evaluated a brief, informant-based autism interview: the Developmental, Dimensional and Diagnostic Interview – Adult Version (3Di-Adult). Feasibility, reliability and validity of the Dutch 3Di-Adult was tested amongst autistic participants (n = 62) and a non-autistic comparison group (n = 30) in the Netherlands. The 3Di-Adult consists of two scales based on DSM-5 criteria: A scale ‘Social communication and social interaction’ and B scale ‘Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities’. ROC curves were used to determine cut-off scores for the A and the B scale, using an ASD diagnosis made by an independent clinician as the criterion. Mean administration time was 42 min. Internal consistency of the A scale (α = 0.92) and the B scale (α = 0.85) were good. Inter-rater reliability (ICCs = 0.99) and inter-rater agreement (ICCs ≥ 0.90) were promising. The 3Di-Adult showed good sensitivity (80.6%) and specificity (93.3%). Positive and negative predictive value were 96.2% and 70.0% respectively. Comparisons with the Autism-Spectrum Quotient-Short to investigate the convergent validity showed moderate, significant correlations with the 3Di-Adult in the total sample. Males, as compared to females, displayed significantly more autistic features on the 3Di-Adult. No relationship was found of the 3Di-Adult with education level, intelligence and age of the participants or informants. The feasibility and psychometric properties of the Dutch 3Di-Adult are promising, indicating that it can be a time-efficient, valid and reliable tool to use in diagnosing autism in adults according to DSM-5 criteria.
... Ancak bu noktada alan yazın önemli bir eksikliğe dikkat çekmektedir. Buna göre, gelişimsel bozuklukların veya gecikmelerin büyük bölümü (%30-%50) okul çağına kadar tanınmadığından, zamanında müdahale imkânları da engellenmektedir (Glascoe, 2000). Gelişimsel tanılarda yaşanan gecik-me, erken müdahale fırsatlarının kaçırılmasına, bunun sonucunda da ileriki yaşlarda öğrenme zorlukları, davranış sorunları ve işlevsel bozukluklar gibi olumsuz sonuçlara yol açabilmektedir (Shevell, Majnemer, Platt, Webster ve Birnbaum, 2005). ...
Bu araştırmanın amacı erken müdahale kapsamında 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde Ankara İli Çubuk İlçesinde Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı’na bağlı anasınıfları ve bağımsız anaokullarına devam eden çocukların gelişimsel tarama profillerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen araştırmada nicel araştırma modellerinden tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Çubuk İlçe Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı 10 kurumda okul öncesi eğitime devam eden ve ebeveyni çalışmaya katılmasına onay veren 222’si kız, 197’si erkek olmak üzere toplam 419 çocuk oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri demografik bilgi formu ve Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 24.00 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş, gelişimsel değerlendirme sonuçlarını incelemek için tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden Ki-kare Testi ve Kruskal Wallis testinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çalışma grubunda yer alan 419 çocuktan 295’inin (%70,4) normal gelişim, 87’sinin (%20,8) şüpheli gelişim ve 36’sının (%8,6) anormal gelişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Çocuklarda en yüksek oranda şüpheli gelişim dil gelişimi (%8) alanında; en yüksek oranda anormal gelişim ise dil gelişimi ve kişisel-sosyal gelişim (%3) alanlarında saptanmıştır. Ayrıca kız çocukları ile annesi ve babası üniversite mezunu olan çocukların Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi sonuçlarına göre normal gelişim gösterme oranlarının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşın Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi sonuçların çocukların kardeş sayısına ve doğum sırasına göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılaşmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda araştırmacılara ve uzmanlara öneriler sunulmuştur.
... Pre spoľahlivé posudzovanie rizika vývinových ťažkostí je potrebné zohľadniť možné medzipohlavné rozdiely v dosahovaní vývinových míľnikov vo veku dvoch a troch rokov dieťaťa (Sheldrick et al., 2019). Rodič dieťaťa má možnosť pozorovať dieťa v každodenných interakciách s prostredím, sledovať tým vývinovú funkčnosť dieťaťa a následne s vysokou presnosťou odhaliť vývinové ťažkosti, ktoré nemusia byť v skorom štádiu identifikované počas rutinnej preventívnej prehliadky u pediatra (Richards, Mossey, & Robins, 2016;Glascoe, 2000). V našich podmienkach je v pediatrickej starostlivosti používaná Metóda monitorovania vývinu psychomotorických funkcií a skríningovania vývinových ťažkostí, určená k vyšetreniu psychomotorického vývinu pri 2.-11. ...
Procrastination is a problem in terms of fulfilling study and work obligations. The aim of this paper is to investigate the frequency of procrastination among high school and college students, as well as the relationship between procrastination and personality traits in a sample of high school and college students. The data collection was conducted in February 2022. A total of 61 230 students (Mage = 20.75, SD = 4.31), 130 undergraduate and 100 high school students participated in the study. Procrastination frequency was measured with a separate item, personality traits, via the BFI-2 XS. The data were processed through correlations and linear regression. The results indicate a negative relationship between procrastination and conscientiousness in both groups of students (high school, university). In addition, a negative relationship of extroversion and procrastination was found in university students, as well as a positive relationship of negative rumination and procrastination. However, among the personality traits, the regression model confirmed only lower conscientiousness as a predictor of procrastination. The results also point to developmental and situational specificities of procrastination.
... 12 Early screening and intervention are critical to reducing the prevalence and severity of reading disorders. 13 Using an objective, validated screening measure in clinical settings may be helpful for children who are not screened at school, for children whom the school screening is at odds with their parents' impressions, or for children whose medical or neurodevelopmental/neurobehavioral profile raises challenges for other screening approaches. In addition, if a child has difficulty with reading after a negative state-administered screening test, an objective screening tool might trigger consideration that the child was a false negative on the original screening test. ...
Objective: Reading difficulties frequently co-occur with other neurodevelopmental/behavioral conditions. It is difficult to assess reading routinely in Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics (DBP) clinical practice due to time/resource constraints. Rapid Online Assessment of Reading (ROAR) is a gamified assessment that children take in a web-browser without adult supervision. This study's purpose was to evaluate ROAR as a screening tool for reading difficulties in a DBP clinic.
Method: Patients, ages 6-14 years, attending a DBP clinic, were invited to participate. Children took ROAR and completed the Woodcock-Johnson Letter-Word Identification (LWID) and Word Attack (WA). Basic Reading Skills (BRS), a standardized aggregate score of LWID and WA, was used as the gold standard assessment. The strength of association between age-adjusted standard score on ROAR and BRS was calculated. BRS scores < 90 (bottom quartile of sample) were deemed poor reader. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the quality of ROAR as a screening test.
Results: A total of 41 children, 78% boys, mean age 9.5 years (SD 2.0 years), completed the study. The correlation of ROAR standard score with BRS was r = 0.66, p <0.001. ROC curve classification analysis with ROAR scores accurately classified poor readers with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.90.
Conclusion: ROAR is a useful screening tool for children to take before attending a DBP clinic to identify children at high risk for reading difficulties. Assessment of the tool during a busy clinic was challenging and a larger replication is warranted.
