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Authorities in Slovenia and other EU member states are confronted with problems of city transportation. Fossil-fuel-based
transport poses two chief problems—local and global pollution, and dwindling supplies and ever-increasing costs. An elegant
solution is to gradually replace the present automobile fleet with electric vehicles (EVs). This article...
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... According to the findings, increased use of the motor vehicles, despite the improvement of mobility and road transport, causes the resource exhaustion and global warming [9]. The transportation sector poses many challenges in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions [10,11]. ...
Today both the economic growth and expansion of urbanization have increased community access to private cars. Thus, the urban transportation has become a critical part of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The excessive dependence of urban transportation on high-emission fuels is the main obstacle to develop a low-carbon transport. Meanwhile, natural gas is a bridge fuel to develop a low-emission transport. To the best of our knowledge, there has been little attention towards the association between the development of natural gas-fueled vehicles and the CO2 emission. Therefore, the problem we studied is the role of compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles in replacing high-emission fuels. In this study, we aimed to study this association by selecting the system dynamics approach due to the complexities of the social-economic system of transportation. In this modeling, different subsystems of the transport fleet were employed including CNG vehicles and urban transportation subsystems. Iran has used CNG as an alternative fuel in the transportation sector, making it one of the three leading countries in the use of natural gas in the urban transportation system. Our case study is focused on Tehran, which is the capital and the largest city of Iran.
In this paper, we considered several scenarios to replace the gasoline fuel in the private car sector and taxis and diesel fuel in the bus fleet with natural CNG fuel. The results show that the replacement of CNG fuel with high-emission fuels can have a significant effect on reducing CO2 emissions. In the synthetic scenario, CO2 emission will be decreased by 11.42% in 2030, as compared to the business as usual (BAU) scenario in this year. According to Iran’s commitment to the Paris Agreement, the emission of CO2 in Iran should normally be reduced by 4% in 2030, as compared to its amount in the BAU scenario. Therefore, Iran can easily fulfill its obligations in the urban transport sector only by replacing gasoline and diesel fuel with CNG.
... In the early 21 st century, particular attention was given at the international level to the development of transport and increasing its responsiveness in rapidly changing economic and ecological environment (Ebinger et al. 2015). Today, within the framework of the theory and practice of sustainable development of economic systems the following issues are studied: availability of public and private transport in major cities, optimization of the route network utilization, search for effective models of cooperation and achievement of a balance of interests of transportation companies, government agencies and the public, on the background of the need to reduce the negative impact of transport (Ramaswami et al. 2016, Knez et al. 2014. ...
The objective of this research was to examine the effect of advertising on the performance of 1,478 micro-enterprises in Baja California. From the combination of statistical techniques of univariate and multivariate analysis, we studied the relationship that advertising activities have with factors related to educational level, age, and experience of the business owner, size of the company and seniority in the market. In the same way, it was evaluated if the performance of these economic units is related to the advertising channels used to publicize the products and/or services. The main findings suggest that as schooling and experience increase, while the owner's age decreases, the likelihood of micro-enterprises doing some type of advertising increases. Likewise, it was found that when the number of workers increases and the companies are of recent foundation, there is a greater probability of using advertising as part of their management strategy. The results confirm that the micro-enterprises that promote their products and services through social networks and the internet perform better than those that use other advertising channels.
... Creating the best possible walking routes means that it is necessary to take measures consisting of the partial or total closure of particular streets or whole city districts to motor traffic, then designating them for pedestrian traffic only. In respect of the level of traffic restrictions, three types of zone can be singled out, namely [11,12,13]: Walking zones, which are totally closed to passenger cars and collective transport (access open only for delivery trucks during working hours, rescue service cars and municipal cars) Walking zones with limited access for passenger cars and full access for public transport Walking zones with a total ban on entry for passenger cars, but with access for public transport ...
... Among the solutions that can improve the conditions of cycling around a city are [6,11]: Sectioning off parts of roadways for bicycle lanes Building bike routes independent of roadways Allowing two-way bicycle traffic in one-way streets with speed and traffic limits Creating advanced cycle stop lines at intersections with traffic lights Permitting passengers to carry their bike on public transport Adapting interchange hubs to store bikes as part of the Park&Ride system Implementing a cycle hire scheme. ...
The paper highlights possible directions in the development of sustainable public transport solutions. When appropriately identified and implemented, such solutions can contribute to improved quality of urban life by reducing the adverse effects of transport on human health and the natural environment. The paper also raises questions about implementing pedestrian traffic zones, expanding the level of cycling, and introducing a workable parking policy, congestion charges, electromobility and intelligent systems for road traffic management in conurbations.
... In the early 21 st century, particular attention was given at the international level to the development of transport and increasing its responsiveness in rapidly changing economic and ecological environment (Ebinger et al. 2015). Today, within the framework of the theory and practice of sustainable development of economic systems the following issues are studied: availability of public and private transport in major cities, optimization of the route network utilization, search for effective models of cooperation and achievement of a balance of interests of transportation companies, government agencies and the public, on the background of the need to reduce the negative impact of transport (Ramaswami et al. 2016, Knez et al. 2014. ...
The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the causes of the budgetary slack and its impact on performance. Specifically the purpose of this study to analyze the influence of information asymmetry, cultural, political, regulatory, budgetary participation on budgetary slack and performance in local government. Studies in order to develop models pengangaran good (good governance budgeting). Using the survey method and the research instrument in questionare tested using PLS. The results showed that the political, cultural, regulation significant effect on budgetary slack. The third structural coefficient of the relationship is positive, indicating that all three positive relationship. That is, the higher the political, cultural, regulatory, will result in the higher budgetary slack. Thus if you want to reduce the budgetary slack needs to reduce the problems of politics, culture and regulations. Other results obtained: (A) political, cultural, regulatory, significant effect on performance either directly or indirectly through budgetary slack. Sixth structural coefficient of the relationship is positive, indicating that all six positive relationship. (B) information asymmetry and budgetary slack significant effect on performance. The second structural coefficient correlation is positive, indicating that both positive relationship. (C) budgeting participation moderating influence budgetary slack variables that are false and strengthen moderation.
Keywords: budgetary slack; performance budgeting participation; information asymmetry; politics, culture and regulation
Poor urban air quality is one of the most pressing environmental problems, and the rapid growth in the number of motor vehicles is a major contributor to it. To tackle this problem, low emission zones (LEZs) were introduced and they have been applied in many of the mega cities around the world. Yet, a scientific approach to design the boundaries of LEZs is missing. This study develops an innovative model to address this gap, using total vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT) as the basis. The model allows defining and/or optimizing the LEZ boundaries. It is applied for the Tehran metropolitan area, as a case study, and the results show the optimality of the existing LEZ boundaries; however, they challenge the efficiency of the proposed policies on modifying current boundaries.
