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Objective: To identify a normal SNOT-22 score in subjects not known to be suffering from rhino-sinusitis in India. Study design: Analysis of SNOT 22 scores in participants with no sinonasal disease. Setting: Tertiary care hospital in Central India. Participants: 230 participants from medical institution. Results: Results were obtained from 97 men a...
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... were graded with a numerical score for each response ranging from 0 for 'no symptoms', to 5 for 'as bad as things could be'. The SNOT-22 total score can range from 0 to 110 Figure 1. ...
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Citations
... Significant improvements in SNOT-22 scores in CRS patients have been demonstrated in the literature [16].The median SNOT 22 score thought to be free of sinonasal disease to be 7. A score of 7 is used as indicative of ''normal'', and when score is reported to be below 7, one must be cautious while suggesting treatment [17]. ...
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common health problem with an estimated prevalence of 6.8% in Asia. The treatment of CRS involves an initial course of maximal medical therapy followed by Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). Here, we are assessing the outcomes of FESS on CRS using most recent Sino Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) questionnaire, for quantifying changes in symptoms and predicting extent of postoperative improvement. 75 patients who reported in the tertiary health care centre in Department of ENT, MGM Medical College & M.Y. Hospital, Indore and were diagnosed with CRS that did not relieve on medication were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected cases were asked to answer the SNOT-22 questionnaire before the surgery. FESS was done and after three months, the patients were again subjected to the SNOT-22 questionnaire. There was 83.67% overall improvement in postsurgical SNOT-22 evaluations, which was statistically significant (p value < 0.00001). Most common SNOT-22 symptom was the need to blow nose, which was seen in 28 (93.34%) cases, while ear pain was found in 10 (50%) patients and was the least common SNOT-22 symptom. FESS seems to be effective treatment of CRS patients. We observed SNOT-22 to be very effective and reliable in assessing the Quality of Life in CRS patients and to measure the improvement after FESS.
... The emotional domain includes questions regarding frustration and sadness [18]. The results are categorized as mild (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), moderate (>20-50) and severe (>50) [15]. RSDI consists of 30 questions. ...
... The mean score of total RSDI was 45.40, and mean scores of the different RSDI domains were 2.21, 1.36 and 1.49 for physical, emotional and functional domains, respectively. This result is consistent with other study results [20,21]. The reason for this result is exposure to outdoor pollution. ...
Background:
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common public health issue among students.
Methodology:
A total of 300 undergraduate students were selected through multistage cluster sampling from three public-sector universities. Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI) were used for determining the quality of life. Chi-square and independent t-test were used.
Results:
About 46% and 54% (p = 0.001) of social science and health science students were suffering from CRS, respectively. Around 7% and 9% of CRS patients had poor quality of life according to SNOT-22 and RSDI, respectively (p = 0.042 and p = 0.032, respectively).
Conclusion:
Quality of life was affected in all domains of SNOT-22 and RSDI.
... No significant difference was found between the prevalence of olfactory, gustatory dysfunctions and sex [13]. SNOT 22 Questionnaire is one of the tools that uncovers most of the physical issues, functional limitations and also the emotional sequelae of patients suffering from sinonasal disease [14]. We used this questionnaire in our study since most of the symptoms of COVID-19 are uncovered in this questionnaire which can aid us in determining the Quality of life in patients suffering from COVID-19 infection, we found that Extranasal rhinologic symptoms, Psychological dysfunction and Sleep dysfunction had significantly higher association among patients more than 40 years (Table 4). ...
The main aim of the study was to assess various ENT symptoms in COVID 19 patients, also to investigate the severity of ENT symptoms among COVID 19 patients and find their relation on basis of scores among five discrete domains of SNOT 22 (Sino nasal Outcome Test). A prospective observational study was conducted among 135 patients between 18 to 75 years of age, in the month of September 2020 with COVID-19 infection having mild, moderate disease who were admitted to our hospital. Subjects were divided into groups according to their presenting ENT symptoms based on age, gender and other comorbidities and differences between the groups were examined. The sinonasal symptoms were assessed using the SNOT 22 questionnaire. A strong statistical significance with loss of smell and taste sensation was noted in patients above the age of 40 years. It was also noted that the patients who presented with cough above the age of 40 years were significantly more. Evaluation of sinonasal symptoms using SNOT 22 questionnaire showed that Extranasal rhinologic symptoms, Psychological dysfunction, Sleep dysfunction had significantly higher association among patients who were more than 40 years. We observed that, Extranasal rhinologic symptoms were significantly higher among males than females. There is thus an emergent need to develop a uniform tool to assess the various ENT symptoms. In our study we assessed the patients with COVID 19 using a standard questionnaire to observe the symptomatology, psychological and sleep dysfunctions due to sinonasal issues, and to closely understand the relationship of various symptoms in a meticulous manner.
... [ Figures 1 and 2] recommends the subjective assessment of symptoms using validated questionnaires. [2] Ideally, both patient and physician would possess all information for the outcome of a specific intervention; thus, decisions would be made based on a complete understanding of the ...
... It is vital that inappropriate surgeries in patients with CRS are avoided, and it has been suggested that the SNOT-22 may act as a robust tool for the subjective assessment of patient's symptoms. [2] ...
BACKGROUND: The background of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) before and after endoscopic sinus surgery Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an observational prospective cohort study carried out at the Ear, Nose and Throat Department of Kogi State Specialist Hospital, Lokoja, and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Both of which are tertiary-level hospitals in North-Central Nigeria offering advanced rhinology services after ethical approval was obtained. The total score for each subject was derived from the 22-item psychometrically validated self-administered SNOT-22 questionnaire. Lower scores postoperatively represent better health-related QoL (HRQOL).
RESULTS: A preliminary report of 40 consecutive patients with rhinosinusitis were enrolled. There were 19 males and 21 females aged between 16 and 80 years (mean age: 34.95 ± 2.69 years). There was a significant improvement in SNOT-22 scores from the preoperative period: 37–88 (mean: 67.45 ± 15.10) to 22–43 (mean: 31.73 ± 5.61) 6 weeks after surgery, giving a percentage improvement of 52.97% (P = 0.0002), thus statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: SNOT-22 tool is a valuable tool to evaluate the HRQOL of patients with CRS and endoscopic sinus surgery as surgical intervention improves the HRQOL of patients with reduction in the mean score of all items in the SNOT-22 in the postoperative state compared to the preoperative state.
... A baseline SNOT 22 score in Indian subjects without history of chronic rhinosinusitis was 8.07. [15] The mean preoperative score in our cohort was 2.14 (±4.8). The mean pre-operative score in our cohort was less than the score reported in other published studies. ...
Background:
Endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) requires wide sinonasal dissection to achieve adequate visualisation of anatomical landmarks. This can also result in nasal sequelae like crusting, nasal discharge, and anosmia.
Aim:
To use the sinonasal outcome test (SNOT) 22 questionnaire to study the postoperative sinonasal morbidity and its recovery in patients who have undergone EES.
Materials and method:
Prospective study conducted from November 2017 to May 2018. SNOT-22 questionnaire was administered on patients operated between before EES and then re-administered during outpatient visits at 1 month, 3 months, and 6-12 months following surgery.
Results:
Results of 46 patients were analyzed. The mean duration of follow-up was 11.8 months. The mean preoperative SNOT-22 score was 2.69 ± 4.95. SNOT-22 score at 1 month was 5.52 ± 6.77, at 3 months follow-up was 0.39 ± 1.02, and after 6 months was 0.30 ± 1.00. In 32 patients with a nasoseptal flap, mean preoperative score was 3.34 ± 5.68 (P = 0.18), one month following surgery it was 6.68 ± 6.88 and at 3 and 6 months following surgery it was 0.56 ± 1.19 and 0.38 ± 1.15. The mean preoperative nasal domain score was 1.022 (±2.13), the postoperative 1 month score was 2.3 ± 3.7, at 3 months following surgery was 0.22 ± 0.82 and after 6 months of surgery was 0.28 ± 0.96.
Conclusion:
Patients undergoing EES experienced transient worsening of SNOT 22 scores in the first month following surgery and recovered within 3 months of surgery. The improvement was sustained in follow-up visits beyond 6 months of surgery.
... No significant difference was found between the prevalence of olfactory, gustatory dysfunctions and sex [13]. SNOT 22 Questionnaire is one of the tools that uncovers most of the physical issues, functional limitations and also the emotional sequelae of patients suffering from sinonasal disease [14]. We used this questionnaire in our study since most of the symptoms of COVID-19 are uncovered in this questionnaire which can aid us in determining the Quality of life in patients suffering from COVID-19 infection, we found that Extranasal rhinologic symptoms, Psychological dysfunction and Sleep dysfunction had significantly higher association among patients more than 40 years (Table 4). ...
The main aim of the study was to assess various ENT symptoms in COVID 19 patients, also to investigate the severity of ENT symptoms among COVID 19 patients and find their relation on basis of scores among five discrete domains of SNOT 22 (Sino nasal Outcome Test). A prospective observational study was conducted among 135 patients between 18 to 75 years of age, in the month of September 2020 with COVID-19 infection having mild, moderate disease who were admitted to our hospital. Subjects were divided into groups according to their presenting ENT symptoms based on age, gender and other comorbidities and differences between the groups were examined. The Sino nasal symptoms were assessed using the SNOT 22 questionnaire. A strong statistical significance with loss of smell and taste sensation was noted in patients above the age of 40 years. It was also noted that the patients who presented with cough above the age of 40 years were significantly more. Evaluation of sinonasal symptoms using SNOT 22 questionnaire showed that Extranasal rhinologic symptoms, Psychological dysfunction, Sleep dysfunction had significantly higher association among patients who were more than 40 years. We observed that, Extranasal rhinologic symptoms were significantly higher among males than females. There is thus an emergent need to develop a uniform tool to assess the various ENT symptoms. In our study we assessed the patients with COVID 19 using a standard questionnaire to observe the symptomatology, psychological and sleep dysfunctions due to sinonasal issues, and to closely understand the relationship of various symptoms in a meticulous manner.
... Depends on cause and quality of fluid which expels from the brain, it appears to be irritant, watery, salty, thin and viscid. 8,11,13,14 Exposure to cold environment, imtala, tukhma and sleep after hamam also lead to excessive production of rutubat in brain. 23,24 ...
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common inflammatory disease, affecting the quality of life of patients and representing
an important burden for the society.The signs and symptoms of Warm-e-Tajaweef Anaf Muzmin Nazlabarid in Unani
system of medicine which depend on the involvement of paranasal sinuses. About 5-15% of the worldwide population is
affected with chronic rhinosinusitis. The present study was designed to scientifically evaluate the efficacy of poly herbal
Unani formulation in the management of Warm-e-Tajaweef Anaf Muzmin Rhinosinusitis).
... It was achieved by asking the patients 22 questions, then the answer listed in a scale from 0 -5, where 0 means no problems with the given symptom and 5 means maximal problems. 11 The test was performed to all patients before and after treatment. Statistical analysis Data analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 23. ...
... All but one participant in the SRSH group met the criteria for diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis based on major and minor factors utilized in previous investigations [3,7,30]. Although a quality of life measure and not intended for diagnosis, all participants in the SRSH group also had SNOT-22 scores consistent with a diagnosis of rhinosinusitis based on recommended reference values [31,32]. Nevertheless, the results of this study cannot be generalized to all patients with SRSH and future studies should include subjects with physician-diagnosed headaches on both symptomatic criteria and physical confirmation of rhinosinusitis by nasal endoscopy [2,20]. ...
Objectives: Headaches can be associated with rhinosinusitis and may present a diagnostic challenge because of symptomatic overlap with other recurring headaches. Neck pain has received extensive attention in migraine, tension-type and cervicogenic headache but not as a comorbid feature of headache in those with rhinosinusitis. This study investigated the occurrence of neck pain and cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction in individuals with self-reported sinus headaches (SRSH).
Methods: Participants with and without SRSH attended a single data collection session. Participants completed the Headache Impact Test (HIT)-6 and the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT)-22. Cervical range of motion (ROM), segmental examination, muscle endurance and pressure-pain threshold (PPT) were measured .
Results: Participants included 31 with SRSH (77.4% female; age 43.7 (9.9) years) and 30 without headache. Average symptom duration was 89.7 (±85.6) months. Mean SNOT-22 and HIT-6 scores were 36.2 (15.3) and 56.7 (7.1), respectively. In the SRSH group, 83.9% (n = 26) reported neck pain. There was a significant difference between groups for cervical sagittal (14.3° [5.3°, 23.3°], p = 0.002) and transverse plane ROM (21.5° [12.4°, 30.6°], p < 0.001), but no difference in frontal plane motion (p = 0.017). There were significant between groups difference in neck flexor endurance (19.5 s [10.1 s, 28.9 s], <0.001), segmental dysfunction O-C4 (p < 0.001) but not in PPT (p = 0.04).
Discussion: Neck pain and cervical musculoskeletal dysfunction are common among persons with SRSH and may be a comorbid feature or contributing factor to headaches attributed to rhinosinusitis. Further research is needed to understand these associations.
... Опросник ASBQ включает 35 вопросов, объединенных в группы, которые характеризуют продуктивность, двигательную активность, выносливость, боль, эмоции, специфические симптомы [14]. Тест SNOT-22 включает 22 вопроса, посвященных характеру выделений из носа, наличию заложенности носа, болевого синдрома, головокружений, нарушению обоняния/вкуса, сна, описанию эмоционального состояния, снижению концентрации внимания [15]. ...
Objective:
To evaluate changes in quality of life in patients before and after the resection of pituitary adenoma.
Material and methods:
A clinical study involved 42 patients with pituitary adenomas. The diagnosis was based on clinical laboratory data, findings of radiology imaging and instrumented tests. Pituitary adenomas were resected through the transsphenoidal approach. Patients' quality of life was analyzed in the preoperative and early postoperative periods. Patients were aged 22-63 years (median age, 45 years). A specialized EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire developed by the Quality of Life Group of the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer was selected for evaluation of quality of life in the pre- and postoperative periods. This questionnaire has been used in many international clinical studies.
Results:
The patients showed positive dynamics during the postoperative period according to all functional scales. Such symptoms as fatigue, pain intensity, frequency of nausea, vomiting and shortness of breath were reduced in patients after the surgery. Intestinal motility was postoperatively normalized in these patients (the frequency of diarrhea or constipation events was reduced). The sleeping pattern was normalized. The patients also noted that their expected financial difficulties became less pressing after the surgery. The score corresponding to patients' overall wellbeing was improved. Progression of such symptom as the loss of appetite was observed in patients after the surgery.
Conclusion:
Pre- and postoperative evaluation of various quality of life parameters in patients with pituitary adenomas revealed that gross total resection of pituitary adenoma through the transsphenoidal approach improved patients' quality of life.
