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Lithium Titanate (Li4Ti5O12 or LTO) is one of the best candidates to replace graphite as anode material in the lithium-ion battery (LIB), due to unwanted solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer formation that consumes Li+ ion and reduces LIB performance and may cause thermal run-away. The ability of LTO to avoid SEI formation and undergo zero-stra...
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... morphology of LTO powder was produced from hy- drothermal mechanochemical reaction synthesis and was ex- amined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fig. 1 shows a representative SEM image of LTO powder with a magnification of 1000X and ...
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... (CD) tests were conducted to evaluate the cell electrochemical performance at the differ- ent current rate as shown in Fig. 5 below. Fig. 8 shows the discharge capacity of the half-cell at various nano-silicon content at C/5C to 12C with LTO powder synthesis after calcination at 750 °C for 3 h. Coulombic efficiency of the battery cell is shown in Fig. 10. It is interesting to note that the value of battery cell coulombic efficiency was approaching 100 %. ...
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... shown in Fig. 1, the size and morphology of LTO powder prepared using sol-gel and mechanochemical and hydrothermal processes looks having similar size and shape with a few agglomerations. The particle size of LTO can be determined by software imageJ. The average particle and agglomerate sizes of LTO were 0.52 µm and 6.43 µm, ...
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... morphology of LTO powder was produced from hydrothermal mechanochemical reaction synthesis and was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fig. 1 shows a representative SEM image of LTO powder with a magnification of 1000X and ...
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... (CD) tests were conducted to evaluate the cell electrochemical performance at the different current rate as shown in Fig. 5 below. Fig. 8 shows the discharge capacity of the half-cell at various nano-silicon content at C/5C to 12C with LTO powder synthesis after calcination at 750 °C for 3 h. Coulombic efficiency of the battery cell is shown in Fig. 10. It is interesting to note that the value of battery cell coulombic efficiency was approaching 100 %. ...
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... shown in Fig. 1, the size and morphology of LTO powder prepared using sol-gel and mechanochemical and hydrothermal processes looks having similar size and shape with a few agglomerations. The particle size of LTO can be determined by software imageJ. The average particle and agglomerate sizes of LTO were 0.52 µm and 6.43 µm, ...
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Citations
... Development of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as a lithium-ion battery anodic material has become a popular topic for use in electrochemical energy storage and electric vehicles. The disadvantages of LTO are low electronic conductivity and a low lithium-ion diffusion rate, which are two problems to improved performance from the LTO-based electrode [2]. The typical research conducted to improve electrochemical performance by conducting morphology optimization, doping, nano-structuring [3], and making composites [4]. ...
One of the most popular active materials that are being used in lithium-ion batteries is lithium titanate/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), as it exhibits zero strain properties as well as high resistance to volume change. Its disadvantages are low capacity and low electrical conductivity. In this experiment, the addition of zinc oxide nanoparticles into LTO as composite is aimed at increasing the capacity of LTO. LTO was synthesized from LiOH and anatase TiO2 using the solid-state method. The composite powders were prepared with 5, 8, and 11 wt.% composition of ZnO-NP. XRD and SEM were used to investigate the composition and microstructure of LTO/ZnO-NP composites. The electrochemical properties of the LTO/ZnO-NP electrode studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and charge-discharge. ZnO nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in LTO. The XRD showed a rutile TiO2 and dilithium titanate as a minor phase, while SEM showed particle distribution of LTO/ZnO-NP. LTO/ZnO-NP-11 exhibits excellent cycling performance and high capacity when used as anode with a specific capacity of 166.96 mAh/g at 0.1C, which is better than LTO pure.
Li4Ti5O12 nanorod/Sn composite has been prepared as anode material for a lithium-ion battery. Sn powder is added with a variation of 5%, 10%, and 15%. Synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 is done by synthesizing TiO2 precursor with a sol-gel method; the precursors are treated hydrothermally in NaOH 10M solution for 24 hours at 180°C. The obtained nanorod precursor then mixed with LiOH to obtain Li4Ti5O12 with nanorod structure. This nanorod is combined with Sn, the obtained powder then becomes the active material for lithium battery anode. Li4Ti5O12 nanorod/Sn composite is characterized using XRD, SEM-EDX and TEM. To study the battery performance several tests are conducted, these tests consist of EIS, CV, and CD. Cyclic voltammetry testing shows the addition of Sn resulting a shift in reaction voltage improving battery capacity to 191.07 mAh g⁻¹ with 10% Sn addition. The improvement is caused by nano structure owned by the samples in current research, meanwhile the shift in voltage indicates microalloying and will result in more significant battery cell voltage.
