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![Russian export, import, volume of trade and balance in the years 1993-2014. Source: Own calculation based on [4–13].](publication/316230290/figure/fig2/AS:484663664877580@1492564230928/Russian-export-import-volume-of-trade-and-balance-in-the-years-1993-2014-Source-Own.png)
Russian export, import, volume of trade and balance in the years 1993-2014. Source: Own calculation based on [4–13].
Source publication
In the literature, the regional integration policy of the Russian Federation has been studied in a variety of contexts. The focus is on the imperial and international aspirations of Russia. The article attempts to answer the question of whether participation in global value chains can be treated as a new criterion of regional integration. The artic...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... Agreements signed between them are satisfactory, although they are not significant. Moreover, in the nineties, Russia intensively diversified their economic connections reducing the share of the post- Soviet states. A stable position of the EEU countries (Fig. 1) in the rapidly growing international trade turnover of the Russian Federation (Fig. 2) proves the effectiveness of the RIAs. Figure 2 shows the strong reactions of the Russian trade to crises and changes in the prices of energy resources and shows the enormous dynamics of the Russian trade. The structure of the Russian trade turnover explains the main directions of trade links of the country. Nearly 70% of the Russian ...
Context 2
... stable position of the EEU countries (Fig. 1) in the rapidly growing international trade turnover of the Russian Federation (Fig. 2) proves the effectiveness of the RIAs. Figure 2 shows the strong reactions of the Russian trade to crises and changes in the prices of energy resources and shows the enormous dynamics of the Russian trade. The structure of the Russian trade turnover explains the main directions of trade links of the country. ...
Similar publications
The paper deals with Russian oil exports policy. Russia's oil reserves, oil production and main export routs have been scrutinized and evaluated.
First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010
Citations
... Today's global economy has been characterized by two phenomena: the upgrade of global value chains (GVCs) and the sweeping trade agreements (TAs). GVCs and TAs are the two sides of the same coin in which the directions of the most favorable TAs are determined not only by the volume and intensity of international trade, but also by the GVC structure of countries [7]. On the one hand, GVCs as the internationally dispersed production system have changed the pattern of international trade and cross-border investment for good [8]. ...
... At the same time, the content of PTAs has been deepening to include investment and competition policy besides the traditional focus of tariffs [9].According to [16], PTAs are unilateral trade preferences and include Generalized System of Preferences schemes under which developed countries grant preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries, as well as other nonreciprocal preferential schemes granted a waiver by the General Council. PTAs are understood to mean non-reciprocal preferential schemes and distinct from FTAs or RTAs, which are covered by the Transparency Mechanism and defined as reciprocal trade agreements between two or more partners [7,15,17]. In order to avoid the unnecessary confusion, we use the broad definition of "Trade Agreements" (TAs) as in [18] in this paper. ...
This paper investigates the relationship between China's trade agreements (TAs) and partner countries' upgrade in global value chains (GVCs). We focus on the experience of China and relate China's TAs with one belt and one road (OBOR) initiative. A structural equation model (SEM) is applied on a dataset including 216 countries and regions to identify the direct and indirect effects of China's TAs and OBOR initiative on its export, outwards foreign direct investment (OFDI) and partner economy' GVCs upgrade over the period 2010-2015. We find that China's TA partner countries are more likely to be included in the OBOR initiative than those non-TA partner countries. The positive effects of China's TAs and OBOR initiative on China's export, outwards foreign direct investment (OFDI) and partner countries' upgrade in GVCs differ across country groups at the different locations of GVCs. Both vertical and horizontal spillover effects exist in China's TAs. Therefore, the partner countries at low end and middle of GVCs might benefit more from TAs with China than those richer countries at the high end of GVCs.
In this article, we tried to estimate Intra-Industry Trade among the BRICS countries. IIT calculated by employing Grubel and Lloyd IIT Index for static analysis and Thom and McDowell (1999) MIIT index for dynamic analysis. Additionally, the decomposition of IIT carried out to distinguish between Horizontal and Vertical IIT. The unit of analysis selected at one- digit and two-digit SITC Industry level for GL IIT index, Further, to conduct MIIT analysis, industry is defined at two-digit-SITC level data by aggregating four-digit SITC sub-industry level data of IIT of BRICS countries. Further, study analysed the Pre and Post-BRICS trade pattern of IIT. Therefore, this study emphasises that do emerging economies IIT among themselves? On the basis of estimated results of this study revealed that IIT occurs at higher level of aggregation. This signifies that developing countries are trading in the same Industry for love for variety and cost effectiveness. Hence, the empirical result contradicts conventional Krugman (1979, 1985) hypothesis of IIT trade takes place in developed nations (industrialist nations). This implies that BRICS countries should focus on opportunities of trade complementary of intermediates products. This will enhance cost effectiveness of product development or production. Further, this will promote innovation in the BRICS region. To achieve this, countries needs to conduct constructive trade dialogue among the BRICS countries.
The purpose of the article is to assess the financial sustainability of the household sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its impact on the real and financial sector in the context of minimizing the credit risks of the regulated banks of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper analyzes various points of view on assessing the financial sustainability of the household sector, makes a successful attempt to assess at a macroeconomic level the financial sustainability of households and the drawing potential of households in Kazakhstan using the OECD and IMF methods. The work made a holistic analysis of the financial condition and solvency of households in Kazakhstan, a forecasted VAR-model for assessing the impact of household financial sustainability on the state of the real sector of the economy has been developed; a regression model for assessing the impact of financial stability of households on the financial sector of Kazakhstan has been developed.
