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2. Rural population trends in Jordan between 2000 and 2016-size and growth (left) and as percent of total population (right)
Source publication
This paper aims to support the implementation of the strategic development plans of Jordan by analyzing the role of agriculture and farmers in the Jordanian economy, the role that productivity and structural change can play for fostering agricultural growth, and the role agro-processing may play in Jordan’s economic development. We argue that the d...
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The agricultural scenario in Kerala is somewhat unique and distinct from many other states in India in terms of land utilization pattern and the cropping pattern. Even though, improved educational opportunities and overseas migration prospects adversely affected the agriculture, the agrarian distress. Government efforts should not only foster the p...
Citations
... the validated questionnaire was used to assess the public knowledge of cKD. the questionnaire was prepared using Google forms, and it was distributed online mainly in the central and Northern territories of Jordan where most of people are living (about 63% in the central and 28% in the north) [23]. to increase the statistical robustness of this study, we included 2181 participants. ...
Objectives
Kidney diseases are considered silent killers due to the lack of well-defined symptoms. Public knowledge about chronic kidney disease (CKD) management has been shown to decrease the risk of CKD onset and progression to end-stage renal disease and renal failure. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of kidney function, CKD symptoms, etiology, prevention and treatment in the general population.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using a validated questionnaire was conducted in Jordan to assess public knowledge of CKD. Public knowledge of CKD was assessed using a questionnaire consisting of 32 knowledge questions, including risk factors, symptoms, treatment, protective measures and kidney function. The knowledge level was classified according to the total score: poor (0–50%), intermediate (51–70%) and good/high (71–100%). Multiple regression analysis was performed to compare knowledge scores (KS) and predict associations with the participants’ baseline characteristics.
Results
The level of knowledge about CKD among the 2181 participants was intermediate. The KS was significantly higher among participants with health issues such as hypertension, diabetes and heart problems, first-degree relatives working in the medical field, majors relevant to health, married, employed, highly educated, high-income and smokers. The main sources of knowledge about CKD were health professionals, TV shows, books and magazines. Multiple regression analysis showed an association between KS and age, sex, functional status, educational level and field, income, smoking status, having a family member/spouse work in the medical field, and knowledge source.
Conclusions
The public level of knowledge about CKD management is greatly influenced by participants’ health and social factors. Thus, improving public knowledge and perception through education and the media will significantly reduce CKD prevalence and incidence.
... For instance, development of dairyrelated industries has reportedly led to significant evolutions in the milk production and distribution centers, not to mention the remarkable increase in job creation (Paremoer, 2018). One should notice that the agro-processing industries can be sustainable only if they maintain their competitiveness in terms of price and quality while providing the farmers with increased levels of profitability (Figueroa, Mahmoud, & Breisinger, 2018). These problems investigated in some previous researches. ...
This study investigates the agro-processing industries potential to develop the local economic in the east of Iran as a developing country based on the sustainable development criteria including economic, social, environmental, and managerial indices. For this purpose, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model based on fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy EDAS technique is developed to determine the global weights of the criteria and prioritize the agro-processing industries as alternatives. Moreover, a conceptual analytical model based on the Porter’s diamond is utilized to evaluate the state of active firms in high-priority agro-processing industries, with the aim of providing the best applicable management insights. According to the findings, the most important sub-criteria are including “income growth by creating value-added”, “payback period”, and “number of jobs created per firm activated”. These sub-criteria are known as one of the most prominent managerial concerns in the local economic development area in Iran as the case study. Focusing on the prioritization results, the agro-processing industries for barberry and saffron products are identified as first-priority industries, while those related to the processing and packaging of medicinal herbs and production of jams and extracts of horticultural crops are ranked as second and third-priority alternatives, respectively. Based on the sensitively analysis, it can be inferred that the final result of selecting the best agro-processing industry is highly robust to the changes in the weight of the most influential sub-criterion. Moreover, Porter model showed that new entrants are not considered as a serious threat. Contrary to the buyers, the suppliers do not have a bargaining power because of the current market condition. Finally, barberry and saffron products have a great competitive rivalry in the national and international markets.
... With regard to Israel, Hadas and Gal (2014) showed that the productive capacity of Israeli agriculture faces increasing pressures from shortages of land resources and their continuous degradation due to environmental sociodemographic stressors. Similarly, Figueroa et al. (2018) concluded that the major challenge to agricultural production in Jordan is limited land (and water) resources, since of the country's total land area (89.3 thousand km 2 ), only 10% is arable. Moreover, Al-Bakri et al. (2013) showed that Jordanian agricultural land is at increasing risk of degradation due to inappropriate farming practices, overgrazing and uncontrolled expansion of urban and rural settlements. ...
There is widespread recognition of the global environmental impact of agricultural production on greenhouse gas emissions, but evidence is sparse regarding the impact in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In this study, we treat agricultural emissions as an undesirable output from agricultural production and apply the directional distance function to measure environmentally-adjusted technical efficiency, defined as environmental efficiency in agricultural production, in six countries in the MENA region (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia) during the period 1980–2016. The results show that all six countries have clear scope to improve their environmental efficiency. Agricultural production is greener in Jordan and Israel, while environmental efficiency is currently lowest in Egypt and Morocco. Estimated relative shadow price of agricultural emissions is −1.002, implying that the ‘cost’ of removing agricultural emissions is almost equal to the value of producing one unit of good output. These findings suggest there is a trade-off between agriculture emissions and production, which should be considered in efforts to enhance the sustainability of agricultural production in the MENA region.
... For instance, in 2020, its contribution to the national GDP was 5.20%. However, it is a source of food and income to a high proportion of the population and a major source of foreign currency through exports [20]. One hundred and twenty-four thousand people work in this sector, which is a figure that corresponds to 2.1% of the total population and 7.7% of the total working force in Jordan. ...
Agritourism is gaining growing recognition in both developed and developing countries. In developing countries, it is considered as an instrument, not only for sustainable rural development but also for local community poverty alleviation. Al-Baqura is an important agricultural village in the north of Jordan. In 2019, Jordan retrieved control over it after 25 years of leasing to external investors. Thereupon, the Jordanian government should encourage investments in this area and improve its agricultural production in terms of quality and quantity. The objectives of this study were to explore the perspectives of local farmers on the launch of agritourism in this village and to identify the variables that affect farmers' motives for engagement in agritourism activities in their locality. In addition, the study aimed at determining the agritourism-associated difficulties faced by the residents who seek to boost their livelihoods through tourism. The study followed the quantitative research approach and used a questionnaire as the data collection tool in a survey of 163 residents of Al-Baqura village. The results of the analysis uncovered a high potential for economic, environmental, and socio-cultural benefits of agritourism in this village. In particular, it will empower the women to improve their social status in society, provide the rural population with increased revenue and new job opportunities, and improve the quality of the environment. However, for agritourism development in this area, the government should support the local families and help them in establishing and operating tourism enterprises.
... The rural population need to be actively involved in agro-processing and by so doing they will benefit directly from processing operations ensuring food security [7]. Agro-processing provides sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction and food security [8]. ...
Background
The agricultural economy has little room for emerging farmers and there is no strong support system available for the small-scale farmers venturing in agro-processing. In this study, “access to agro-processing training” refers to any processing training rendered to small-scale crop farmers to equip them when venturing in to agro-processing. Small-scale crop farmers trained with high knowledge in processing and skills are pre-disposed to adopting processing as a strategy of making their processed products penetrate the agro-processing market.
Methodology
Data were collected from 307 small-scale crop farmers and STATA version 15 was used to perform fractional regression analyses to determine factors influencing access to training from the five types of agro-processing training (marketing training, processing training, record-keeping training, financial management training and business-plan training).
Results
The results revealed that 26% of the small-scale crop farmers had no access to agro-processing training and 74% of the small-scale crop farmers had access to training. Farming experience had significant influence on the access to agro-processing training for small-scale farmers to function efficiently in the agro-processing industry at 5% level of significance and their coefficient was positive.
Conclusion
Small-scale crop farmers with less farming experience should be encouraged to participate in the agro-processing sector as their participation can result in improved income and food security at the household levels. Furthermore, new agro-processing training programmes should be encouraged as trained farmers are more likely to participate in the value addition activities of agro-processing.
... Only 30% of the agricultural land is irrigated, however, it represents 90% of the agricultural production. Furthermore, as consequence of its water-scarce nature, Jordan faces increasing food insecurity being forced to import around 87% of its food [25]. ...
This study aimed at supporting robust decision-making for planning and management of water-energy-food Nexus systems in the country of Jordan. Nexus priority challenges in Jordan were identified as 1) water scarcity, 2) agricultural productivity & water quality, and 3) shift to energy independence. We created a water-energy-food Nexus model that integrates three modelling frameworks: 1) the Water Evaluation and Planning system WEAP model to estimate water demands, supplies and allocation; 2) the MABIA model to estimate crop production, and, 3) a GIS-based energy modelling tool to estimate energy requirements of the water system. Through a set of scenario runs, results show how desalination is needed to address water scarcity, but it has to be coupled with low-carbon electricity generation in order to not exacerbate climate change. Improving water productivity in agriculture improves most of the studied dimensions across the water-energy-food security nexus; however, it does little for water scarcity at the municipal level. Reducing non-revenue water can have positive effects on municipal unmet demand and reduction of energy for pumping, but it does not improve agricultural water productivity and may have negative feedback effects on the Jordan Valleys aquifer levels. Energy efficiency can support energy intensive projects as desalination by substantially reducing the load on the energy system, preventing increased emissions and achieving a more resilient water system. Finally, when all interventions are considered together all of the major drawbacks are reduced and the benefits augmented, producing a more holistic solution to the WEF Nexus challenges in Jordan.
... In addition, [41] found that the use of alternative raw materials that are environmentally friendly, especially liquid waste, will improve the performance of the agricultural sector. A broader analysis carried out by [42] was related to the development of alternative raw materials creating forward and backward linkages to agro-industry. Price -Cost Margin (PCM) is an indicator of the company's ability to increase prices above production costs [43]. ...
Textile dyeing on fabrics and clothing causes environmental pollution and health problems. There is an innovation of natural coloring using gambier in the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry in Indonesia. Gambier farmers supply natural dye raw materials. Then through the supply chain of the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry, it causes vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry. This study uses primary data from 39 vertically integrated companies in the gambier agro-industry, including the gambier rubber industry, the Gambo Muba fabric industry, and the garment industry. The data was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative. This study analyzes the relationship between vertically integrated industries, including the transaction costs between them, their impact of vertical integration on added value, and their profitability. Vertically integrated industries have low transaction costs. The impact of vertical integration on the gambier agro-industry adds to the chain of economic activities that can increase added value and profits. The impact of vertical integration can reduce transaction costs, especially the supplier coordination cost component, distributor cost component, inter-company lobbying costs components. The benefits of vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry are increasing high added value, profit levels, decreasing environmental pollution, and agro-industry sustainability.
... In addition, Priscilla et al., [31] found that the use of alternative raw materials that are environmentally friendly, especially liquid waste, will improve the performance of the agricultural sector. A broader analysis carried out by Figueroa et al., [11] was related to the development of alternative raw materials creating forward and backward linkages to agro-industry. Price -Cost Margin (PCM) is an indicator of the company's ability to increase prices above production costs Lipczynski et al. [25]. ...
Introduction. Textile dyeing on fabrics and clothing causes environmental pollution and health problems. There is an innovation of natural coloring using gambier in the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry in Indonesia. Gambier farmers supply natural dye raw materials. Then through the supply chain of the Gambo Muba fabric industry and the garment industry, it causes vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry. This study uses primary data from 39 vertically integrated companies in the gambier agro-industry, including the gambier rubber industry, the Gambo Muba fabric industry, and the garment industry. The data was then analyzed using descriptive qualitative. Purpose. This study analyzes the relationship between vertically integrated industries, including the transaction costs between them, their impact of vertical integration on added value, and their profitability. Results. Vertically integrated industries have low transaction costs. The impact of vertical integration on the gambier agro-industry adds to the chain of economic activities that can increase added value and profits. Conclusions. The impact of vertical integration can reduce transaction costs, especially the supplier coordination cost component, distributor cost component, inter-company lobbying costs components. The benefits of vertical integration in the gambier agro-industry are increasing high added value, profit levels, decreasing environmental pollution, and agro-industry sustainability.
