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Microorganisms that sustain the fertility of soils, resulting in improved plant nutrition, have continued to magnetize attention because of the increasing cost of agricultural inputs and some of their negative impacts on environmental sustainability. The continuous increase in the world population at an alarming rate requires more food for nutritio...
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Soil fertility and its productivity are the two pillars for maintaining agricultural output and it is a measure of soil performance. Growing concerns about climate change have recently focused on the fate of high-performance soils. Soil biological health is an important aspect of agricultural productivity and a global concern due to its vulnerabili...
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... The germination percentage of chili seeds was significantly affected by the growth medium ( Figure 1). The significantly higher germination percentage of chili was found to be 94% in T1 (cocopeat), while the lowest (78%) germination was recorded (Meena et al., 2017). Growing media significantly increase seed germination, seedling emergence and growth of seedlings in a nursery because these media serve as reservoirs of moisture and plant nutrients. ...
Suitable growing media is considered a basic requirement to get the maximum germination and growth. So, the present investigation was carried out at Mominpur Farmers Hub (name of model), Rangpur Sadar Upazila during February-March, 2023 to investigate the effect of growing media on germination percentage, germination emergence percentage, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root length, root fresh weight, leaf number, shoot length vigor index, root shoot ratio of chili under open field condition. The experiment was sequenced according to Completely Randomized Design in three replicates. Five different growing media namely soil + sand, cocopeat, soil + sand + cocopeat, vermicompost + cocopeat, and vermicompost + soil + sand was used in the experiment. The results obtained from this study showed that the maximum germination percentage (94%), shoot length (9.62 cm), shoot fresh weight (7.16 g), root length (3.09 cm), root fresh weight (1.93 g), leaf number (7.02) and shoot length vigor index (1194.74%) were recorded when the seed was growing in the cocopeat. The findings of this study recommend the use of cocopeat as a growth media for raising nurseries by farmers as it had a significant positive effect on seed germination and plant growth parameters of seedlings that lead to increased production of chili. SAARC J. Agric., 22(2): 289-301 (2024)
... In agriculture, the addition of plant growth-promoting microorganisms offers a sustainable alternative to conventional crop production by reducing the need for agrochemicals and pollutive fertilisers derived from finite resources 1,2 . Microbial communities play a vital role in various ecosystem processes and have diverse applications in agriculture, including protection against environmental stresses, increased pathogen resistance, and enhanced nutrient acquisition [3][4][5] . Phosphate-solubilising microorganisms, for instance, improve the accessibility and uptake of phosphorus by releasing plant-available phosphate from fixed sources 6 . ...
Microbial communities, acting as key drivers of ecosystem processes, harbour immense potential for sustainable agriculture practices. Phosphate-solubilising microorganisms, for example, can partially replace conventional phosphate fertilisers, which rely on finite resources. However, understanding the mechanisms and engineering efficient communities poses a significant challenge. In this study, we employ two artificial selection methods, environmental perturbation, and propagation, to construct phosphate-solubilising microbial communities. To assess trait transferability, we investigate the community performance in different media and a hydroponic system with Chrysanthemum indicum. Our findings reveal a distinct subset of phosphate-solubilising bacteria primarily dominated by Klebsiella and Enterobacterales. The propagated communities consistently demonstrate elevated levels of phosphate solubilisation, surpassing the starting soil community by 24.2% in activity. The increased activity of propagated communities remains consistent upon introduction into the hydroponic system. This study shows the efficacy of community-level artificial selection, particularly through propagation, as a tool for successfully modifying microbial communities to enhance phosphate solubilisation.
... Los MA al interactuar con las plantas, favorecen la síntesis de aminoácidos, ácidos nucleicos, vitaminas, hormonas y otras sustancias bioactivas antioxidantes que benefician el desarrollo vegetal, a su vez la aplicación de MA incrementa las poblaciones microbianas del suelo, equilibran a nivel edáfico el agroecosistema, potencian la nutrición de las plantas y su crecimiento, así como suprimen ciertas especies fitopatógenas (Kumari Meena & Singh Meena, 2017). ...
Introducción. Soya (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) posee importancia económica y nutricional por sus niveles proteicos y contenido de aceite vegetal de calidad biológica, necesarios para la alimentación humana y animal. Las alternativas microbianas de biofertilización de este cultivo podrían representar una opción para su producción con bajos insumos en condiciones tropicales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de microorganismos autóctonos (MA) como alternativa de biofertilización de G. max en condiciones de bajos insumos de producción. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se estableció en una finca situada en la localidad El Coco, Yara, Granma, Cuba, sobre un suelo Pardo Mullido Carbonatado, durante el año 2021. Se usaron semillas certificadas de G. max cv. Incasoy-27. La siembra se realizó en primavera a una distancia de 0,70 m x 0,04 m. Se utilizaron tres dosis de MA (12, 24 y 36 L ha-1) y un testigo absoluto. Se evaluaron variables del crecimiento, rendimiento y sus componentes. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques al azar; los datos se procesaron mediante ANDEVA, regresión lineal, correlación y análisis de componentes principales. Resultados. Los MA bioestimularon el crecimiento de G. max en un rango de 12 % y 24 %, mientras que el rendimiento se favoreció entre 16 % y 44 %. El análisis de correlación de Pearson señaló que la masa de semillas por planta y la cantidad de vainas por planta, constituyeron las variables más correlacionadas con el rendimiento. Conclusión. Con la inclusión de MA se logró una bioestimulación del crecimiento en longitud de las plantas de G. max cv. Incasoy-27 en comparación con el testigo y el rendimiento agrícola se potenció.
... In the saline soil halotolerant bacteria reduce plant uptake of sodium ions from the soil by forming the biofilms in the rhizosphere that trap water and nutrients (Nadeem et al., 2014). Some other halophilic bacteria could stimulate plant growth based on binding of salt ions by the bacteria or production of volatile compounds or other signals that stimulate expression of genes to enhance growth via increased photosynthesis or other changes in the host plant (Meena & Meena., 2017;Numan et al., 2018). Phosphate (P) solubilizing bacteria convert unavailable P into available P, consequently improving the P supply available to the plant. ...
Halophytes are found in high-salt environments naturally, and their roots may be associated with promising microbial candidates for promoting crop growth and salt tolerance. In this study, halotolerant bacteria were isolated from soil and root samples of Rhizophora apiculate (R. apiculate), Avicennia officinalis (A. officinalis), Thespesia populnea (T. populnea), Acanthus ilicifolius (A. ilicifolius) and Trichophorum cespitosum (T. cespitosum), five native halophytes of southeast seaside of Vietnam. Isolates were tested for maximum salt tolerant and screened for the ability of phosphate solubilization and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. Colony morphology, pigmentation, and Gram staining of each IAA production halotolerant isolate were determined. The bacterial isolates showed the highest salt tolerance and IAA production were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 54 isolates which were able to grow in the presence of up to NaCl 3M were isolated. Twenty-three halotolerant bacterial isolates had the capacity of IAA production, 60.9% from which were Gram positive with a cocci shape, colony in opaque/transparent yellow or opaque/off white, 1-2 mm or 2-3 mm in diameter with the convex surface. Three isolates VTDD1, VTTD2, and KGOR1 were able to solubilize insoluble phosphorus. The highest IAA production was observed in VTDR1 (93.77 µg/mL) followed by VTMR1 (75.23 µg/mL) and VTDR2 (60.00 µg/mL), while the smallest IAA production was observed in CGOD1 (0.50 µg/mL). The isolates VTDR1 and VTDR2 were identified as Salini-cola tamaricis (99.58% and 99.67% identity respectively), while VTMR1 was found to be Salinicola peritrichatus (98.37% identity).
... They are not capable of assimilating nitrates or nitrites [66]. Other nutrients required by these microorganisms are phosphorus, magnesium (magnesium sulfate), calcium, iron, coper, zinc, and B complex vitamins [67]. These microorganisms synthesize antimicrobial substances from sugars and amino acids secreted by photosynthetic bacteria; they also produce bioactive substances such as hormones and enzymes that are substances used by lactic acid bacteria present in EM. ...
The traditional logic behind effective microorganism is based on a media inoculation with mixed cultures of beneficial microorganisms to create a more favorable environment for plant growth and health when the media is the soil. Following this rationale, other research works have been focused on studying the effect of effective microorganisms when they are used as manure stabilizing agents, in some cases by including them in animal diets, reporting, in all cases, beneficial properties. However, the use of effective microorganisms is not yet widespread. One reason may be that no rigorous research has so far been done on the actual utility of these mixed cultures on manure stabilization and crop production. In this work, the potential uses of effective microorganisms are shown with the focus on evaluating the influence of these mixed cultures on the biostabilization of manure before its use as fertilizer. This work also presents some new perspectives on the role and application of effective microorganisms as microbial inoculants to achieve a microbiological balance of manure so that it can improve its quality, increasing production and protection of crops when applied as fertilizer, helping to conserving natural resources and creating a more sustainable agriculture and environment. Finally, this document also reviews strategies on how to improve the effect of effective microorganisms after their inoculation into the soil as part of the manure.
... During these four decades, the amount of mineral fertilizers applied to field crops increased by 7.4-fold, along with a 2.4-fold increase in average productivity [3]. Furthermore, the recovery of applied fertilizers (N-P-K: 30-12-35%) was very low in arable lands, and was less than 5% for micronutrients [4,5] due to the incapability of crop cultivars in nutrient use [6]. Nutrient losses not only lead to yield reduction but also severely pollute natural resources. ...
Enhancing nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs) is an important factor in achieving the long�term sustainability of a production system. Our two-year experiment was aimed at accessing the NUEs of the integration of macro- and micronutrient fertilization responses of three lentil (Lens culinaris) cultivars. Three cultivars were planted in the main plots, and ten nutrient combinations were used in the sub-plots: N1, control; N2, 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (20:40—N:P2O5); N3, vermicompost (VC) at 2 t ha−1; N4, 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 100% recommended dose of phosphorus (RDP) + VC at 1 t ha−1; N5, RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4; N6, RDF + 0.5% FeSO4; N7, RDF + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4; N8, 50% RDN + 100% RDP + VC at 1 t ha−1 + 0.5% ZnSO4; N9, 50% RDN + 100% RDP + VC at 1 t ha−1 + 0.5% FeSO4; and N10, 50% RDN + 100% RDP + VC at 1 t ha−1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4. The results show that the cultivar HM-1 (1.59–1.61 Mg ha−1) recorded a significantly higher seed yield than cultivars Sapna (1.31–1.33 Mg ha−1) and Garima (both 1.30 Mg ha−1), while the cultivar Sapna had significantly more stover yield (1.86–1.90 Mg ha−1) than cultivar HM-1 (1.68–1.73 Mg ha−1). Cultivar HM-1 was more efficient in terms of partial factor productivity for N (77.5–78.5 kg kg−1), P (48.2–48.7 kg kg−1), K (143.6–145.5 kg kg−1), Zn (1336–1352 kg kg−1), and Fe (417–421 kg kg−1) than Sapna and Garima. Application of 50% N + 100% P + VC at 1.0 t ha−1 + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 resulted in higher seed yield (1.63–1.65 Mg ha−1) and agronomic efficiency for N (26.3–28.8 kg kg−1), P (12.42–13.63 kg kg−1), and K (52.3–57.4 kg kg−1) over other tested practices in both years. Hence, it could be concluded that considering the integrated nutrient management paradigm including 10 kg N ha−1 coupled with 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 through synthetic fertilizers, vermicomposting 1.0 t ha−1 as an organic source and foliar spray of 0.5% each of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 (N10) produced a 56.8% higher seed yield than the control, in addition to improving nutrient dynamics and NUEs for N, P, K, Zn, and Fe. Therefore, integrated fertilization coupled with cultivar selection could help to achieve the long-term food and nutritional sustainability targeted by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
... This response may be due to the improvement, an increase in the soil nutrient content that, possibly, was induced by the inoculation of bacterial strains, results already mentioned in this research. Therefore, this implies that inoculation of bacterial isolates was able to produce different organic and inorganic compounds Li et al., 2020), which may have directly accessed soil fractions, improving the availability of nutrients, and finally, increased efficiency in the use of nutrients Meena and Meena, 2017a). ...
The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most economically important oilseeds due to the production of two types of vegetable oils: palm oil and palm kernel oil. Due to the commercial plantations expansion, its necessary to produce seedling of agronomic quality, with low cost and proper management, which express all the productive potential of this culture. The objective was to evaluate the changes in the root system, in the nutrients acquisition and allocation in oil palm seedling inoculated with rhizobacteria. The study was carried out in the field in the seedling nursery of the company Agropalma Group S/A. Treatments was C-: no inoculation with ½ fertilizer; BRM 32113: Burkholderia pyrrocinia inoculated plants with ½ fertilizer; UFRA 92: Bacillus subtilis inoculated plants with ½ fertilizer; C+: no inoculation and complete fertilization. The inoculation positively influenced the root volume with an average increase of 46.7%, 28.4% total root length, 42.5% total surface area, 43.7% average diameter, 203% number of tips and 115% ramifications when comparing the mean of BRM 32113 and UFRA 92 against the mean of C- and C+. The results showed that inoculation modified the root architecture, increased the root system, and this favored the nutrients accumulation, in addition to obtaining quality seedlings for permanent planting with low production costs, highlighting the potential of rhizobacteria as a bioinoculant in agriculture. Rhizobacteria BRM 32113 and UFRA 92 also induced an increase in nutrient accumulation in the root, root dry mass, shoot and total dry mass in oil palm seedlings, with half the fertilizer compared to the controls. Rhizobacteria can be used as a mechanism to reduce the current high rates of synthetic fertilizers, without leaving chemical residues inherent to environmental problems and without compromising plant growth and productivity.
... Los hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos del suelo desempeñan distintas funciones, por lo cual se señalan como alternativas en manejo de sistemas agrícolas como microorganismos eficientes en formulaciones de bioproductos (Feijoo, 2016;Meena y Meena, 2017). El carbono microbiano y su coeficiente metabólico son propiedades importantes que determinan la eficiencia de su acción. ...
Los organismos edáficos son responsables en la regulación de procesos biológicos, como la mineralización y la reparación biológica del suelo. Con el propósito de cuantificar la microbiota del suelo cultivado con plátano cv Hartón en el Sur del Lago de Maracaibo, se seleccionaron siete unidades de producción con lotes de plantas de alto y bajo vigor (AV y BV). En cada parcela se seleccionaron 20 plantas a las que se determinó el número de manos por racimo, circunferencia de la planta madre y altura del hijo de sucesión. Igualmente, se realizaron muestreos de suelos a 15 cm de profundidad para cuantificar las UFC de hongos, bacterias y actinomicetos, así como propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo. Variables como la densidad aparente, contenido de partículas finas, materia orgánica, y carbono y coeficiente microbiano, resultaron favorables para los lotes AV. En general, no hubo diferencias estadísticas en las UFC de hongos y bacterias entre lotes de vigor; sin embargo, hubo diferencias para los actinomicetos, los cuales resultan importantes para determinar dinámicas en el suelo y favorecer el vigor en plantas de plátano bajo las condiciones del estudio.
... Las levaduras sintetizan sustancias antimicrobianas y otras útiles, requeridas por las plantas para su crecimiento, a partir de azúcares y aminoácidos secretados por las bacterias fotosintéticas, y la matería orgánica existente en el suelo. Producen hormonas y enzimas que pueden ser utilizadas por las bacterias ácido-lácticas y los actinomicetos y como parte de su metabolismo fermentativo, producen etanol el cual en elevadas concentraciones puede tener actividad antifúngica(Meena & Meena, 2017).Los Actinomicetos, Streptomyces albus y Streptomyces griseus son las principales especies de actinomicetos informadas como componentes de los ME(Vurukonda, et al., 2018). Varias especies de actinomicetos, principalmente las que pertenecen al género Streptomyces, son excelentes agentes de control biológico debido a su amplio repertorio para producir compuestos antifúngicos que inhiben el crecimiento micelial de varios hongos fitopatógenos. ...
Cita sugerida (APA, séptima edición) Mesa Reinaldo, J. R.(2020). Microorganismos eficientes y su empleo en la protección fitosanitaria de los cultivos. Revista Científica Agroecosistemas, 8(2), 102-109. RESUMEN Gran parte de los problemas fitosanitarios de los cultivos en el mundo, son causados por plagas que atacan la planta, provocando su pérdida total o una drástica reducción de los rendimientos agrícolas. En respuesta, los agricultores recurren al control quími-co con los problemas que este provoca. Esto ha mo-tivado que se busquen nuevas estrategias para el control de plagas y enfermedades y la utilización de los microorganismos eficientes se constituye como una alternativa atractiva, por lo que se trazó como objetivo para el presente trabajo, revisar y sintetizar parte de la información científica publicada en los últimos 10 años, relacionada con los ME y su em-pleo en la protección fitosanitaria de los cultivos. Al concluir el trabajo, se determinó que los microorga-nismos eficientes pueden convertirse en un comple-mento importante del manejo integrado de plagas y enfermedades de los cultivos y que la información sobre el modo de aprovechar la tecnología en el manejo ecológico de plagas y enfermedades de las plantas en Cuba y el mundo, es insuficiente. Palabras clave: Manejo ecológico, plagas, enfermedades, control. ABSTRACT Much of the phytosanitary problems of crops in the world are caused by pests that attack the plant, causing its total loss or a drastic reduction in agricultural yields. In response, farmers resort to control chemical with the problems it causes. This has motivated the search for new strategies for the control of pests and diseases and the use of efficient microorganisms (ME) constitutes an attractive alternative, so it was outlined as an objective for the present work, to review and synthesize part of the Scientific information published in the last 10 years, related to ME and their use in plant protection of crops. At the conclusion of the work, it was determined that efficient microorganisms can become an important complement to integrated crop pest and disease management and that information on how to take advantage of technology in the ecological management of plant pests and diseases in Cuba and the world, is insufficient.
... Soil is a fundamental component of ecosystems and is involved in various human activities, among which, food production is an important function for the survival of mankind [1,2]. However, industrial production and other producing activities usually discharge plenty of pollutants, which would pollute the surrounding cropland [3]. ...
The aims of this study were to analyze the spatial distributions of, contamination statuses of, and factors contributing to, heavy metals in cropland areas of different cities; thus, 55 agricultural soils were collected from 12 cities of Shandong Province, China. Concentrations of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined. Results showed that average contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn were 24.13, 31.77, 0.16, 130.63, 22.13, and 71.19 mg·kg−1, respectively, and Pb and Cd had similar spatial distributions in those cities. Specifically, contents of Cr in cities of Weifang, Weihai, Yantai and Zibo were significantly higher than it in other cities; Weihai and Zibo also had significantly high contents of Zn. Moreover, concentrations of Cr in brown soils and cinnamon soils were significantly higher than that in fluvo-aquic soils, while other metals showed no significant differences among the soil types. Furthermore, Cu, Pb and Zn showed significant concentration decreases with respect to those measured in 2007. The correlation analysis and factor analysis indicated that the contamination of Pb and Cd was mainly caused by economic activities. In addition, the significantly correlated Cu/Ni/Zn and Pb/Cd indicated the inputs from different human activities, while Cr was prone to multiple sources. This study demonstrated that more attention should be given to the contamination by Cr, Pb and Cd, and that the management of human economic activities is vitally imperative for safety of surrounding cropland soils.
