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Risk ratios for daily hospital admission in Hanoi associated with a 1 °C of daily minimum temperature increase during the cold weather months among children < 3 years old and 3–5 years old. Time series data are shown for single-day lags from 0 to 6 and for cumulative lag over 6 days
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This study examined the effect of short-term changes in ambient temperature on hospital admissions among children aged less than 5 years old in Hanoi, Vietnam. Data on daily hospital admissions from January 2010 to June 2014 were collected from two hospitals. Daily meteorological data were obtained for the same period. We applied time series analys...
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El tiempo es la herramienta fundamental a partir de la cual se puede realizar una descripción metodológica para el análisis de series de datos meteorológicos. La observación de los parámetros meteorológicos cambia radicalmente con la escala temporal. Si hablamos de tiempo, lo hacemos para determinar los parámetros meteorológicos de un lugar determi...
Citations
... High temperatures were associated with the increased risk of respiratory hospitalization (Fig. 1). Previous studies have documented the role of hot weather in health (Anderson and Bell 2009;Gasparrini et al. 2015;Ryti et al. 2016;Luong et al. 2019). Many previous studies have revealed that hospitalization by heat has a short lag effect (≤ 1 day) (Hansen et al. 2008;Ma et al. 2011;Lindstrom et al. 2013;Phung et al. 2016). ...
Combined effects of global warming and rapid urbanization replace green spaces with urban facilities. Children in urban areas are at a higher risk of heat-related adverse health effects. Our study aimed to examine the protective effect of urban green space on heat-related respiratory hospitalization among children under 5 years of age in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. We estimated district-specific meteorological conditions from 2010 to 2014 by using a dynamic downscaling approach with a fine-resolution numerical climate model. The green space in each district was calculated using satellite data. The attributable fraction of heat-related respiratory hospitalization was estimated using a two-stage model, including a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) coupled with multivariate meta-analysis. The association between heat-related respiratory hospitalization and green spaces at the district level was explored using a linear regression model. The central districts were more crowded and hotter, with less green spaces than the outer districts. At temperatures > 34 °C (extreme heat threshold), the hospitalizations in the central districts increased significantly; however, in the outer districts, the hospitalization rate was insignificant. On average, extreme heat attributed 0.33% to citywide hospitalization, 0.35% in the center, and 0.32% in the outer region. Every 1% increase in the green space fraction will reduce heat-related respiratory hospitalization risk by 3.8%. Heat significantly increased the risk of respiratory hospitalization among children under 5 years in Hanoi, Vietnam. These findings are valuable for authorities to consider strategies to protect children’s health against the effects of heat, including increasing green space.
... The few studies targeting Vietnam have reported an increased risk of water-and vector-borne diseases (Phung et al. 2015a(Phung et al. , 2015b(Phung et al. , 2015c, cardiovascular (Phung et al. 2016c;Giang et al. 2014) and respiratory diseases (Phung et al. 2016a(Phung et al. , 2016bPhung et al. 2018), and risk of hospital admissions among young children from exposure to high temperatures (Luong et al. 2019;Phung et al. 2015d), but most of this research is focused on tropical, southern Vietnam. Although WHO's health vulnerable assessment to climate change has indicated northern Vietnam as one of the most highly vulnerable areas (WHO 2011), very few studies have reported temperature-morbidity and mortality relationships from the region. ...
Vietnam is one Southeast Asian country most vulnerable to climate change. By the end of the twenty-first century, temperature could rise above 5°C across Vietnam according to the IPCC highest emission pathway scenario. However, research on the temperature-health effects from the geographically diverse sub-tropical northern region of Vietnam is limited making location specific health system preparedness difficult. This study examines the elevated temperature-hospitalization relationship for the seven provinces in northern Vietnam by using generalized linear and distributed lag models. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to estimate the pooled temperature hospitalizations risks for all causes, and for infectious, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The pooled estimates show a significant effect of high temperature on hospitalizations for the same day (lag 0), when a 1°C increase in temperature above 24°C was significantly associated with 1.1% (95% CI, 0.9–1.4%) increased risk for all-cause hospital admissions, 2.4% (95% CI, 1.9–2.9%) increased risk for infectious disease admissions, 0.5% (95% CI, 0.1–0.9%) increased risk for cardiovascular disease admissions, and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.9–1.6%) increased risk for respiratory disease admissions. This research adds to the scant evidence examining heat and health morbidity effects in sub-tropical climates and has important implications for better understanding and preparing for the future impacts of climate change related temperature on Vietnam residents.
... The Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) is composed of several agriculture-based countries with dense populations, including Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Surface air temperature (SAT) is vital to the countries in the ICP since adverse SAT can exert serious impacts on the local crop yields, the vegetation greenness, the physical health of citizens and eventually hindering the national economic growth (Gasparrini et al. 2015;Lamchin et al. 2018;Luong et al. 2019;Marjuki et al. 2016;Peng et al. 2004;Phosri et al. 2020;Thirumalai et al. 2017). As one of the rapid SAT rising regions against the background of global warming, the ICP is considered to be highly vulnerable to climate change (Choi et al. 2009;Ge et al. 2018;Marjuki et al. 2016;Mie Sein et al. 2021;Nguyen et al. 2014). ...
Interdecadal variations of the relationship between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indo-China Peninsula (ICP) surface air temperature (SAT) in winter are investigated in the study. Generally, there exists a positive correlation between them during 1958–2015 because the ENSO-induced anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) is conducive to pronounced temperature advection anomalies over the ICP. However, such correlation is unstable in time, having experienced a high-to-low transition around the mid-1970s and a recovery since the early 1990s. This oscillating relationship is owing to the anomalous WNPAC intensity in different decades. During the epoch of high correlation, the anomalous WNPAC and associated southwesterly winds over the ICP are stronger, which brings amounts of warm temperature advection and markedly heats the ICP. In contrast, a weaker WNPAC anomaly and insignificant ICP SAT anomalies are the circumstances for the epoch of low correlation. It is also found that substantial southwesterly wind anomalies over the ICP related to the anomalous WNPAC occur only when large sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the northwest Indian Ocean (NWIO) coincide with ENSO (viz., when the ENSO–NWIO SST connection is strong). The NWIO SST anomalies are capable of driving favorable atmospheric circulation that effectively alters ICP SAT and efficiently modulates the ENSO–ICP SAT correlation, which is further supported by numerical simulations utilizing the Community Atmospheric Model, version 4 (CAM4). This paper emphasizes the non-stationarity of the ENSO–ICP SAT relationship and also uncovers the underlying modulation factors, which has important implications for the seasonal prediction of the ICP temperature.
... Previously, common response variables were mortality or hospitalisation (e.g. Guo et al., 2017, Luong et al., 2018. Ambulance dispatch data provides several benefits, these include reducing the lag between exposure and response, and ambulance dispatch data being much more numerous than, for example, mortality data (Alessandrini et al., 2011). ...
Background
The changing climate impacts contemporary health and has the potential to further impact health in the future. This paper investigates ambulance dispatch-health relationships for three major cities in the UK: Birmingham; Glasgow; and London, which have distinct climates. The role of future climate on total ambulance dispatches and specific dispatches associated with breathing difficulties and assaults are investigated.
Methods
A Distributed Lag Non-Linear modelling (DLNM) approach was used to model and compare relative risk (RR) across the temperature range for each city. Input data were daily mean temperature for each city and ambulance dispatches. Initial testing indicated that little variation in outcome occurred if maximum and minimum weekly temperature was averaged instead of using the daily means. The models for each city are used to make projections of future risk, attributable number (AN), and attributable fraction (AF). The temperature projections were from the UK Climate Projections 2018 (UKCP18) using the RCP8.5 high emissions scenario.
Results
The relationships between temperature and ambulance dispatches were all non-linear, with different relationships for the same variables shown in the three cities. Glasgow showed a smaller and least significant increase in risk at high temperatures (95th percentile), whereas all cities showed significant increases in risk at low temperatures (5th percentile). Under RCP8.5, by 2060, RR is projected to increase in London and Birmingham, and to decrease in Glasgow. As such, the number of daily dispatches attributed to temperature increases by 11 per day in London, 2 in Birmingham, and decreases by 1 in Glasgow by 2060, assuming no changes in city population.
Conclusion
This paper demonstrates that relationships between health and ambient temperatures within three cities in the UK are different. It also shows that under RCP8.5 projections, for a constant population, ambulance dispatches in London and Birmingham will likely increase, but for Glasgow, they will decrease. These findings can contribute to developing demand forecasts for ambulance usage based on meteorological and climatological forecasts.
... Since ALRI is preventable, it is important to evaluate relevant risk factors in order to take preventive measures to protect children health from the high rate of mortality mentioned above. Many studies have suggested that changes in ambient temperature pose a risk of hospital admission for respiratory diseases among children , 2013, Xie et al. 2017, Luong et al. 2019, Phung et al. 2015 because their defence and immune systems have not fully developed (Sheffield and Landrigan 2011;McKie 2013). Children hospitalisation was usually reported to be associated with increase in maximum temperature and/or diurnal temperature range (DTR) (Xie et al. 2017;Wei et al. ...
... Hieu K.T. Ngo and Ly M. T. Luong contributed equally to this work. 2020; Son et al. 2014;Phung et al. 2015;Luong et al. 2019;Kim et al. 2014). ...
... In Vietnam, a developing country with a tropical/subtropical climate, the annual temperature is projected to increase between 1.1 and 1.9°C by the end of the twenty-first century (UNEP, 2019). Such alarming increase has led to several studies on the effect of temperature on human health in the country, with most studies on morbidity (Giang et al. 2014;Phung et al. 2015Luong et al. 2019) and in some occasions on mortality (Dang et al. , 2016. But there is little research on the risk of temperature on hospitalisation of children less than 5 years old in Vietnam, particularly in Ho Chi Minh City, the most populous city of Vietnam (Luong et al. 2019;Phung et al. 2015). ...
Changes in ambient temperature have been reported as an important risk factor for respiratory diseases among pre-school children. However, there have been few studies so far on the effects of temperature on children respiratory health in developing countries including Vietnam. This study examined the impact of short-term changes in ambient temperature on hospital admissions for acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among children aged less than 5 years old in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Data on daily hospital admissions from 2013 to 2017 were collected from two large paediatric hospitals of the city. Daily meteorological data of the same period were also collected. Time series analysis was performed to evaluate the association between risk of hospitalisations and temperatures categorised by seasons, age, and causes. We found that a 1 °C increase in maximum temperature was associated with 4.2 and 3.4% increase in hospital admission for ALRI among children 3–5 years old during the dry season and the rainy season, respectively. Surprisingly, in the rainy season, a rise of 1°C diurnal temperature range (DTR) was significantly associated with a decrease from 2.0 to 2.5% risk of hospitalisation for ALRI among children <3 years old. These findings suggested that although high temperature is a risk factor for hospital admissions among children in general, other modifiable factors such as age, exposure time, air conditioning usage, wearing protective clothing, socioeconomic status, and behaviour may influence the overall effect of high temperature on hospital admissions of children <5 years old in HCMC. The findings of this study have provided evidence for building public health policies aimed at preventing and minimizing the adverse health effects of temperature on children in HCMC.
... Tác động gián tiếp của biến đổi khí hậu đến sức khoẻ con người thông qua những nguồn gây bệnh, làm tăng khả năng bùng phát và lan truyền các bệnh dịch như bệnh cúm, tiêu chảy, dịch tả, các bệnh lý về hô hấp như viêm phổi,... [6]. Kết quả nghiên cứu cũng đã chỉ ra ảnh hưởng của những thay đổi ngắn hạn về nhiệt độ môi trường đối với tần suất nhập viện ở trẻ em dưới 5 tuổi ở Hà Nội [7] hay ở đồng bằng sông Cửu Long [8]. Tuy nhiên, các bằng chứng về tác động của thời tiết ở khu vực miền Trung lên việc nhập viện ở trẻ em còn rất ít. ...
... Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra có mối tương quan nghịch có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa nhiệt độ trung bình ngày và việc nhập viện do bệnh viêm phổi ở trẻ em, hay có thể hiểu một cách khác đó là nhiệt độ giảm xuống có thể là một trong những yếu tố nguy cơ quan trọng liên quan đến việc nhập viện điều trị viêm phổi ở trẻ em. Kết quả này tương đương về mặt xu hướng với các kết quả tìm được tại Thượng Hải [10] hoặc tại Hà Nội [7] tuy nhiên lại trái ngược với kết quả của tác giả Phùng V. Dũng tiến hành trên vùng đồng bằng châu thổ sông Cửu Long [8]. Sự khác biệt này có thể lý giải bởi hai lý do. ...
This paper studies the impact of weather on the number of under 15-year-old children hospitalized for pneumonia at Nghe An Pediatric Hospital using time series analysis of the data collected from 2014 to 2019. The study was carried out on 45,466 children, most of whom were under 5 years old. The study results show that there was a statistically significant inverse correlation between mean daily temperature and children’s hospitalization for pneumonia while humidity was positively correlated. Specifically, when the average daily temperature increased by 1 degree Celsius, the risk of hospitalization for pneumonia on the same day decreased by 1% (95% CI: 0.3 - 1.7%); whereas when the humidity increased, the risk of hospitalization increased by 14.4% (95% CI: 0.2 - 30.7%) on the day of hospitalization; risk increased by 16.5% (95% CI: 9.5 - 23.9%) one day before hospitalization; and risk increased by 15.2% (95% CI: 8.2 - 22.7%) two days before hospitalization. The results suggest that children are highly sensitive to weather factors, including temperature and humidity; therefore, it is necessary to take measures to protect children against changing weather. Keywords Weather, pneumonia, children, effect. References [1] I. Rudan, et al., Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86(5) (2008) 408-416.[2] M. Harris, et al., British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update Thorax, 66 (2011) (Suppl 2): p. ii1.[3] Margolis, P. and A. Gadomski, The rational clinical examination. Does this infant have pneumonia? Jama 279(4) (1998) 308-13.[4] World Health Organization, Handbook : IMCI integrated management of childhood illness. 2005, World Health Organization: Geneva.[5] Sönke Kreft, David Eckstein, and Inga Melchior, Global Climate Risk Index 2017, Germanwatch Nord-Süd Initiative e.V.,.[6] Pham Khoi Nguyen, Vietnam's event about sea level rising and climate chang, 2009, Ministry of Natural resources and enviroment.[7] L.M.T. Luong, et al., Effects of temperature on hospitalisation among pre-school children in Hanoi, Vietnam, 26(3) (2019) 2603-2612.[8] D. Phung, et al., Temperature as a risk factor for hospitalisations among young children in the Mekong Delta area, Vietnam. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 72(7) (2015) 529.[9] J. Gao, et al., Impact of ambient humidity on child health: a systematic review. PloS one 9(12) (2014) p. e112508-e112508.[10] Y. Liu, et al., Temporal relationship between hospital admissions for pneumonia and weather conditions in Shanghai, China: a time-series analysis. BMJ Open, 4(7) (2014) p. e004961.[11] T. Egondi, et al., Time-series analysis of weather and mortality patterns in Nairobi's informal settlements. Global health action, 5 (2012) 23-32.[12] Leckebusch, G.C. and A.F. Abdussalam, Climate and socioeconomic influences on interannual variability of cholera in Nigeria. Health Place, 34 (2015) 107-17.
... Environmental factors (e.g., air temperature, relative humidity, windfield, air quality, air pollutants), and/or aerosol characteristics (e.g., size, concentration, composition, anomalies) may play a role in the interactions between and impact realized from influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) activity, cardiovascular-pulmonary-and respiratory-relevant issues and their transmission (e.g., de Aguiar Pontes Pamplona et al., 2020;Liu et al., 2020;Benaissa et al., 2019;Luong et al., 2019;Mulenga and Siziya, 2019;Su et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2019;Yang et al., 2019;Zhang et al., 2019;Dzullkiflli et al., 2018;Hamanaka and Mutlu, 2018;Hart et al., 2018;Horne et al., 2018;WHO, 2018;Yan et al., 2018;Lin et al., 2017;Feng et al., 2016;Wang et al., 2016;Xing et al., 2016;Zwozdziak et al., 2016;Luo et al., 2015;Morman and Plumlee, 2013;Noti et al., 2013;Prospero and Mayol-Bracero, 2013;Yin et al., 2013;Chen et al., 2010;Shaman et al., 2010;Liao et al., 2009;Liu et al., 2009;Shaman and Kohn, 2009;Mubareka et al., 2009;Tellier, 2009;Liu et al., 2007;Pope et al., 2006;Tellier, 2006;WHO, 2006;Perdue and Swayne, 2005;P€ oschl, 2005;Thompson et al., 2004;McCarthy, 2001;Sugaya et al., 2000;Pope, 1991;Barker, 1986;Knight, 1973). The severity of the effect seems to depend on the amount and duration of the exposure, the physical and chemical characteristics of the particulate matter (PM) and the health of and environmental stressors on the exposed individuals (e.g., Davidson et al., 2005). ...
A small number of studies suggest atmospheric particulate matter with diameters 2.5 micron and smaller (PM2.5) may possibly play a role in the transmission of influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) symptoms. Those studies were predominantly conducted under moderately to highly polluted outdoor atmospheres. The purpose of this study was to extend the data set to include a less polluted atmospheric environment. A relationship between PM2.5 and ILI activity extended to include lightly to moderately polluted atmospheres could imply a more complicated mechanism than that suggested by existing studies. We obtained concurrent PM2.5 mass concentration data, meteorological data and reported Influenza and influenza-like illness (ILI) activity for the light to moderately polluted atmospheres over the Tucson, AZ region. We found no relation between PM2.5 mass concentration and ILI activity. There was an expected relation between ILI, activity, temperature, and relative humidity. There was a possible relation between PM2.5 mass concentration anomalies and ILI activity. These results might be due to the small dataset size and to the technological limitations of the PM measurements. Further study is recommended since it would improve the understanding of ILI transmission and thereby improve ILI activity/outbreak forecasts and transmission model accuracies.
Despite the enormous gains in reducing child mortality resulting from the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, in some ways children's future wellbeing has never been under greater threat. Climate and environmental change, primarily driven by poor air quality, represents a major threat to child health and wellbeing, through both direct and indirect effects. Climate change has multiple environmental consequences impacting negatively on child health and wellbeing, including increases in ambient temperature, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), altered distribution of rainfall, ocean warming, rising sea level and more frequent and severe adverse weather events. Multiple pathways link these exposures to a wide variety of adverse health outcomes. Countries in Oceania are especially likely to be subjected to the effects of increases in ambient temperature, altered distribution of rainfall, ocean warming and sea level rise. These changes pose a significant risk to children and provide a moral imperative for us to act to protect child health.
The energy retrofit of existing buildings is a key strategy to reduce the energy costs of the building sector. Amongst the retrofit solutions, the adoption of mechanical ventilation systems represents a necessary approach for buildings with high crowding index, such as schools. The air quality in schools is a main issue since children spend a significant fraction of the year in such microenvironments. To date, the scientific literature has carried out several studies concerning the air quality in naturally ventilated schools worldwide, nonetheless most of the studies performed a general evaluation of the air quality just using the CO 2 as a comprehensive indicator. This is an oversimplified approach since the indoor air quality is affected by several pollutants, including airborne particles, whose behavior cannot be predicted by the CO 2 one. The aim of the research is the evaluation of the effect of the ventilation retrofit in a classroom on different indoor air quality parameters and energy consumption. To this end a mechanical ventilation system with a heat recovery unit was installed in a test-classroom and tests with CO 2 -based demand controlled ventilation were performed. CO 2 levels and indoor-to-outdoor particle concentrations were measured and compared to the pre-retrofit ventilation conditions (i.e. manual airing procedures). Results showed that mechanical ventilation systems have simultaneous positive effects on the different pollutants investigated as well as on ventilation heat losses: indeed, lower indoor-to-outdoor concentration ratios, with respect to the airing approach, were detected simultaneously for CO 2 , sub-micron particles and PM 10 .
