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Risk perceptions of CO2 offshore storage, CO2 onshore storage and CO2 transport via pipeline according to region
Source publication
The present study investigates and compares the public perception of CO 2 offshore storage, CO 2 onshore storage and CO 2 transport via pipeline in Germany nationwide and in two coastal regions. For this purpose, three representative surveys were carried out and analyzed with the methods of descriptive statistics and ordinal regressions. The result...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... regard to the assessment of risks, a comparison of the means showed that the personal and societal risks of CO 2 offshore storage, CO 2 onshore storage and CO 2 transport via pipeline were perceived markedly higher in North Frisia than in Aurich plus islands and in the rest of Germany (cf. Table 4). The personal risk of CO 2 offshore storage was assessed slightly higher in Aurich plus islands than in the nationwide average. ...
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Citations
... For different CCS applications, literature findings suggest that applications in industry (iron and steel, cement) have higher CO 2 abatement costs than others, and, additionally, transport and storage costs must be considered [235]. In the overall pathway assessment, fossil CCS does not perform exceptionally high, partly due to the low assessment for sustainability, the existing infrastructural challenges and limited social acceptance, visible as strong opposition from local communities [237,238]. However, the frequent mentions of CCS in the context of industrial emission reduction attribute a non-negligible role of this technology in the coming years. ...
Energy intensive industries, such as steel, cement, basic chemicals, aluminium, glass as well as pulp and paper contribute substantial amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, which further accelerate climate change. The emissions from industry are generally considered hard-to-abate and technological solutions are often not yet mature. Additionally, the ideal technologies for each industry sector are not yet clearly researched in a structured and comparative manner, which is the key research gap addressed by this study. To focus on this, an extensive, systemic literature review has been conducted, following a strict protocol. A vast number of studies have been carefully read and information obtained. The comparative approach of the study is expressed in a Likert-type scale-based scoring approach, providing a robust framework to gain insights into favourable pathways, which is the first of its kind. It could be demonstrated that the steel industry is the best researched industry sector while knowledge gaps exist for the cement and glass industry. The results further show that secondary production via recycling serves as a low-risk option for most industry sectors, providing benefits such as high technological maturity, energy efficiency, and low production costs, without compromising sustainability standards. Direct electrification of heat and green electricity-based hydrogen feedstocks are essential to reach zero emissions for primary production. The results indicate that substantial efforts are imperative for achieving significant emission reductions in energy-intensive industries, necessitating robust financial support from governments. Emphasis should be placed on renewable electricity, green hydrogen, and recycling as pivotal components of these efforts.
... For the consideration of storage resource availability in the EU, we constrained the resource base to the estimated offshore asset in the Norwegian North Sea. This is a simplified consideration given that the potential to develop onshore storage resources across continental Europe faces opposition and uncertainty [72][73][74][75][76] . For our consideration of countries that could contribute towards CCS within the EU region by 2030, we consolidated capacity from capture plants where announced, i.e., France, Belgium, Norway, Finland, Sweden, Hungry, the Netherlands and Denmark (8 out of the 27 EU countries). ...
The Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects subsurface carbon storage at rates of 1 – 30 GtCO2 yr⁻¹ by 2050. These projections, however, overlook potential geological, geographical, and techno-economic limitations to growth. We evaluate the feasibility of scaling up CO2 storage using a geographically resolved growth model that considers constraints from both geology and scale-up rate. Our results suggest a maximum global storage rate of 16 GtCO2 yr⁻¹ by 2050, but this is contingent on the United States contributing 60% of the total. These values contrast with projections in the Sixth Assessment Report that vastly overestimate the feasibility of deployment in China, Indonesia, and South Korea. A feasible benchmark for global CO2 storage projections, and consistent with current government technology roadmaps, suggests a global storage rate of 5-6 GtCO2 yr⁻¹, with the United States contributing around 1 GtCO2 yr⁻¹.
... For example, we know that publics tend to view marine environments as fluid and in constant motion, and so impacts on these ecosystems might be viewed as difficult to predict or control. People often perceive the ocean as sensitive to impacts (Hawkins et al., 2016), less resilient than forest-based systems (Satterfield et al., 2018) and fragile (Ankamah-Yeboah et al., 2020;Schumann et al., 2014). They also commonly hold place-based attachments to the ocean and coastal spaces (Devine-Wright & Howes, 2010;Spence et al., 2018), and may be sceptical of the ability of institutions to oversee safe deployment even where trust in them is high (Giles, 2002). ...
... However, such 'myths' can also be operationalized to gain insight into ideas about nature. Schumann et al. (2014), for example, adapted a cultural theory approach to explore whether beliefs of nature as 'benign', 'tolerant', 'ephemeral' and 'capricious' predicted public groups' perceptions of offshore CO 2 storage. We draw upon this, modifying this language for interpretability and shifting the focus from 'nature' to marine environments, asking whether they are viewed as (1) 'adaptable', (2) 'manageable', (3) 'fragile' and/or (4) 'unpredictable'. ...
In the face of mounting global climatic pressures, negative emission technologies (NETs) for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) are increasingly proposed as necessary for meeting climate targets. While initial work has identified the potential of terrestrial NETs, a diverse set of marine/ocean-based NETs are gaining new and particular attention. Emerging studies on the feasibility of marine NETs are urgently needed, especially to explore the logics that public groups use to judge different approaches, and to ensure that design and governance of these technologies align with public values and priorities. This study explores factors of interest in understanding public views on four marine NETs, both perceptions of climate severity and urgency, and beliefs about marine environments. It uses a quantitative survey to explore how a representative sample of people in British Columbia, Canada and Washington state, United States evaluate four marine NETs: coastal restoration; ocean alkalinity enhancement; ocean fertilization; and offshore direct air carbon capture and storage. We find that perceived severity and urgency of climate change predicts greater comfort with all NETs studied, and views of marine environments as adaptable, fragile and manageable vary in predicting both greater and lesser comfort. Drawing upon these insights, the paper offers reflections on the conditional thinking linked with emerging views of marine NETs, concluding with methodological suggestions for future research on public perceptions as concerns the deployment of ocean-based CDR near and long term. Incorporating these insights into policy for ocean-based CDR will be important to ensuring responsible governance of these technologies.
Key policy insights
• Incorporating research on public perceptions will be important to the design of marine NETs and accompanying policies.
• Public groups in both British Columbia and Washington expressed high levels of comfort with coastal restoration, some comfort with offshore direct air carbon capture and storage, and some discomfort with ocean alkalinity enhancement and ocean fertilization.
• Perceived severity and urgency of climate change predicted greater comfort with all approaches; this evidence aligns with a small but growing body of scholarship indicating openness to environmental intervention amongst public groups concerned with climate impacts.
• Beliefs about marine environments, namely whether they are ‘adaptable’, ‘manageable’ or ‘fragile’, also predicted comfort, suggesting that CDR in ocean contexts requires further examination regarding public perceptions.
... Just how one imagines the receiving ocean environment is also key, with some assuming that ocean systems are highly adaptable and would recover easily from harm. Others imagine the ocean environment as extremely fragile, with negative consequences expected to follow even slight interference (Ankamah-Yeboah et al. 2020, Schumann et al. 2014. Hesitancy regarding OCDR is likely increased by strong place attachments to the sea and coastal communities (Devine-Wright & Howes 2010). ...
Ocean carbon dioxide removal (OCDR) is rapidly attracting interest, as climate change is putting ecosystems at risk and endangering human communities globally. Due to the centrality of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, augmenting the carbon sequestration capacity of the ocean could be a powerful mechanism for the removal of legacy excess emissions. However, OCDR requires careful assessment due to the unique biophysical characteristics of the ocean and its centrality in the Earth system and many social systems. Using a sociotechnical system lens, this review identifies the sets of considerations that need to be included within robust assessments for OCDR decision-making. Specifically, it lays out the state of technical assessments of OCDR approaches along with key financial concerns, social issues (including public perceptions), and the underlying ethical debates and concerns that would need to be addressed if OCDR were to be deployed as a carbon dioxide removal strategy.
Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Marine Science, Volume 15 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
... Germany and Austria offer examples where the issue of CO2 storage is fraught, limiting the potential for transportation and storage services up to the North Sea (Schumann et al., 2014;Buck, 2021a;Merk et al., 2022), not to mention of developing the kinds of supply chains for DACCS to attain economies of scale and become cost effective. Table 5 raises a host of concerns around social acceptance, legitimacy, justice, community involvement, and equity. ...
Direct Air Capture with Carbon Storage (DACCS) technologies represent one of the most significant potential tools for tackling climate change by making net-zero and net-negative emissions achievable, as deemed necessary in reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the European Green Deal. We draw from a novel and original dataset of expert interviews (N=125) to distil ten recommendations for future DACCS policy. After providing a literature review on DACCS and explaining our methods of data collection, we present these recommendations as follows: (1) follow governance principles that ensure “negative” emissions; (2) prioritize long-term carbon storage; (3) appreciate and incentivize scale; (4) co-develop with capture, transport, and storage (5) phase in a carbon price; (6) couple with renewables; (7); harness hub deployment; (8); maintain separate targets; (9) embrace certification and compliance; and (10) recognize social acceptance. All ten recommendations are important, and all speak to the urgency and necessity of better managing and shaping the potentially impending DACCS transition.
... Removal potential is, however, merely one side of the story. CDR options currently face a number of obstacles, including infrastructure needs, missing economic incentives as well as problematic public perception [123,124]. Similar to the transformation needed for renewable energy carriers, CDR with geological carbon storage would need an infrastructure for transporting and storing CO2. For largescale CO2 transport over land, pipeline networks are known to be the most economical solution. ...
Plain Language Summary
Here a net‐zero‐2050 Germany is envisioned by combining analysis from an energy‐system model with insights into approaches that allow for a higher carbon circularity in the German system, and first results from assessments of national carbon dioxide removal potentials. A back‐casting perspective is applied on how net‐zero Germany could look like in 2050. We are looking back from 2050, and analyzing how Germany for the first time reached a balance between its sources of CO2 to the atmosphere and the anthropogenic sinks created. This would consider full decarbonization in the entire energy sector and being entirely emission‐free by 2050 within three priorities identified as being the most useful strategies for achieving net‐zero: (a) Avoiding‐ (b) Reducing‐ (c) Removing emissions. This work is a collaboration of interdisciplinary scientists with the Net‐Zero‐2050 cluster of the Helmholtz Climate Initiative HI‐CAM.
... Removal potential is, however, merely one side of the story. CDR options currently face a number of obstacles, including infrastructure needs, missing economic incentives as well as problematic public perception (Benrath et al., 2020;Schumann et al., 2014). Similar to the transformation needed for RE carriers, CDR with geological carbon storage would need an infrastructure for transporting and storing CO 2 . ...
ere a net-zero-2050 Germany is envisioned by combining analysis from an energy-system model with insights into approaches that allow for a higher carbon circularity in the German system, and first results from assessments of national carbon dioxide removal potentials. A back-casting perspective is applied on how net-zero Germany could look like in 2050. We are looking back from 2050, and analyzing how Germany for the first time reached a balance between its sources of CO2 to the atmosphere and the anthropogenic sinks created. This would consider full decarbonization in the entire energy sector and being entirely emission-free by 2050 within three priorities identified as being the most useful strategies for achieving net-zero: (a) Avoiding- (b) Reducing- (c) Removing emissions. This work is a collaboration of interdisciplinary scientists with the Net-Zero-2050 cluster of the Helmholtz Climate Initiative HI-CAM
... Removal potential is, however, merely one side of the story. CDR options currently face a number of obstacles, including infrastructure needs, missing economic incentives as well as problematic public perception (Benrath et al., 2020;Schumann et al., 2014). Similar to the transformation needed for RE carriers, CDR with geological carbon storage would need an infrastructure for transporting and storing CO 2 . ...
Germany 2050: For the first time Germany reached a balance between its sources of anthropogenic CO2 to the atmosphere and newly created anthropogenic sinks. This backcasting study presents a fictional future in which this goal was achieved by avoiding (around 645 Mt CO2), reducing (around 50 Mt CO2) and removing (around 60 Mt CO2) carbon emissions. This meant substantial transformation of the energy system, increasing energy efficiency, sector coupling, and electrification, energy storage solutions including synthetic energy carriers, sector-specific solutions for industry, transport, and agriculture, as well as natural-sink enhancement and technological carbon dioxide options. All of the above was necessary to achieve a net-zero CO2 system for Germany by 2050.
... Previous research on CCS acceptance has made it clear that CCS technologies may meet with strong opposition, especially in regions where the applications have been tested or were intended to be deployed on a long-term, permanent basis [9,10]. For example, in Germany and the Netherlands, some projects to explore potential CO 2 storage formations were abandoned early, primarily due to massive opposition from local communities [11,12]. Since the early 2000s, the number of scientific publications on the acceptance of CCS has continuously increased (see also Section 3). ...
... Five of the European articles involved more than one country. As mentioned at the beginning, previous studies on the acceptance of CCS have made clear that protests and risk perceptions on CCS have formed along exploration plans and projects, especially in Europe-particularly in the Netherlands [12] and Germany [11]. ...
... What is clear is that both factors will also be very significant in the context of iCCS. Subjectively perceived risk associated with CO 2 storage has been a crucial factor in explaining local and regional resistance in the context of CCS technologies [11,16,44]. It is different from factual risk in this regard as [53] illustrated with their approach to misconceptions. ...
To limit global warming, the use of carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS) is considered to be of major importance. In addition to the technical–economic, ecological and political aspects, the question of social acceptance is a decisive factor for the implementation of such low-carbon technologies. This study is the first literature review addressing the acceptance of industrial CCS (iCCS). In contrast to electricity generation, the technical options for large-scale reduction of CO2 emissions in the energy-intensive industry sector are not sufficient to achieve the targeted GHG neutrality in the industrial sector without the use of CCS. Therefore, it will be crucial to determine which factors influence the acceptance of iCCS and how these findings can be used for policy and industry decision-making processes. The results show that there has been limited research on the acceptance of iCCS. In addition, the study highlights some important differences between the acceptance of iCCS and CCS. Due to the technical diversity of future iCCS applications, future acceptance research must be able to better address the complexity of the research subject.
... Some studies find positive effects on opinion of the proximity of citizens' households to CO 2 capture sites [18,22], while other studies find negative effects on opinion for proximity to CO 2 storage sites [33,37]. For offshore storage, the proximity of citizens' households to the coast may also play a role: in a study in Germany, offshore CO 2 storage was seen as a slightly better option than onshore storage among the general public, but citizens of coastal regions were equally negative about both storage options [38]. Citizens' perceptions of the outcomes of implementing CCS have often been used to interpret proximity effects: citizens that live, or perceive themselves to live, close to industry may benefit from the direct and indirect jobs that these industries provide, but may also be exposed to health, safety and environmental risks due to the proximity of these industries to their homes [39,40]. ...
Carbon Capture and Storage at industrial processes (industrial CCS) is expected to play an important role in reducing industrial CO2 emissions in the short term. Industrial CCS involves capturing CO2 from industrial processes, such as steel and cement making, and storing the CO2 underground. This study examined the public opinion of industrial CCS through an informed opinion survey in the Netherlands (N = 987) and the United Kingdom (UK; N = 974). On average, respondents were neutral to slightly positive about the implementation of industrial CCS in their country. UK respondents were slightly more positive (M = 4.66 on a 7-point scale) than Dutch respondents (M = 4.38). Awareness and perceived knowledge levels were somewhat higher in the Netherlands than in the UK. In both countries, perceived outcomes of industrial CCS (e.g. for climate change; safety; employment) were strongly associated with industrial CCS opinion, when compared to socio-demographics, proximity to industry (actual and perceived), and psychological variables. Differences between countries in outcome perceptions occur. For example, the safety of CO2 transport is a larger concern in the Netherlands than in the UK, while cost-control is a larger concern in the UK than in the Netherlands. These findings suggest that the national context for CCS implementation matters. Our research suggests that public engagement strategies will benefit from focusing on the economic and climate impacts of industrial CCS, as well as from building trust in industry and addressing perceived safety concerns surrounding different aspects of industrial CCS.
