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Results of Structural Equation Model Analysis Note. Only paths with significant regression coefficients (p < 0.05) are plotted. Standardised β coefficients are displayed on the lower-right side of the corresponding paths. Trust 01-03 refer to the three items of trust in government; HB 01-03 refer to the three items of health behaviour; PB 01-04 refer to the four items of prosocial behaviour.
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Background
The effective implementation of government policies and measures for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires compliance from the public. This study aimed to examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of trust in government regarding COVID-19 control with the adoption of recommended health behaviou...
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Citations
... Al-Qerem et al., 2022;Caso et al., 2019;Jarmolowicz et al., 2018;Kim et al., 2022;Koinig, 2022;Koroma et al., 2022;Tran et al., 2018) Experiments 27 20(Böhm et al., 2016;Capasso et al., 2021;Chu & Liu, 2021;Iyer et al., 2022;Kelp et al., 2022; Longitudinal studies 10 7(Collis et al., 2022;Mertens et al., 2022;Phillips et al., 2022; Tam et al.Maertens et al., 2017;Reno et al., 2018;Shoup et al., 2015) Cross-sectional + Longitudinal Studies 2 1(Han et al., 2021;Petherick et al., 2021) ...
... Of interest, one unexpected result lies in the main effect of risk perception on psychological outcomes, which had shown that the higher the risk was, the more positive the outcomes were anticipated. This is contrary to other moments in the pandemic when higher risk perception was related to higher concerns and lower well-being (Han et al., 2021), thus highlighting the contextual nature of risk perception. Looking more closely at the interaction between policy and risk, this positive association between perceived risk and expectations is only true for the restrictive scenarios, while lower anticipated outcomes are perceived for the abolition scenario when risk is high. ...
In January 2022, several vaccination policies were debated to address the Omicron outbreak in Belgium. Considering variability in risk perception and vaccine uptake, this study aimed to understand differences in support and expectations for four scenarios, ranging from relaxed to restrictive vaccination policies, to inform policymakers. Using an online survey, 12,670 participants (46% female; M age = 45.9, SD = 13.38) reported their risk perception, number of vaccination doses (0/1, 2, 3 doses) as well as their support and several anticipated psychological outcomes for each scenario. Mixed model ANCOVA showed a pattern of preferential support for the relaxed scenario and more positive anticipated outcomes (general well‐being and government appraisals) compared to the restrictive policies, that were treated equivalently. An exception to this pattern was found when people were vaccinated with three doses and perceived high risk. Taken separately, risk perception and vaccination status were not sufficient to drive positive attitudes toward restrictive policies; only their interaction had an effect. Limitations include the self‐selected sample and the vignette methodology. The conjunct role of risk perception and vaccination status should be considered when discussing the introduction of restrictive vaccination policies. These findings inform vaccination strategies management during pandemics.
... Firstly, high trust in local public health experts were significantly associated with 'avoiding crowded places' and 'avoiding contact with people with flu'; however high trust in the government was not significantly associated with adherence to any COVID-19 PHSM. Debates on how trust affects adherence behaviour to COVID-19 PHSM have been ongoing ever since the pandemic started [28][29][30], with #Missing data n = 3 for highest education attained, n = 1 for employment status, n = 8 for monthly personal income, n = 31 for chronic conditions. Pre-university includes polytechnic, Institute of Technical Education, and Junior College mixed results reported within Singapore. ...
Background
At the onset of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic when pharmaceutical interventions were not readily available, governments relied on public health mandates and social distancing measures to counter rising infection rates. In order to address the dearth of longitudinal studies, this study sought to identify factors associated with continued adherence to COVID-19 preventive behaviours in Singapore.
Methods
Data were from a two-wave longitudinal cohort study; baseline study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2021 and follow-up study from October 2021 to September 2022. Participants (n = 858) were Singapore residents, aged 18 and above, and able to speak English, Chinese or Malay. Weighted multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to identify factors associated with adherence to the COVID-19 measures.
Results
Adherence rates of ‘avoid dining out’, ‘crowded places’, ‘people with flu symptoms’ and ‘small group gatherings’ at baseline were 39.41%, 60.82%, 79.82%, and 44.82% respectively. All measures had a decrease in adherence rates across the two-waves. Older age groups were associated with greater adherence to ‘avoid dining out’ and ‘avoid crowded places’. Having high trust in local public health experts was associated with greater adherence to ‘avoid crowded places’ and ‘avoid people with flu symptoms’. Fear of family and friends getting infected with COVID-19 was associated with ‘avoid dining out’ and ‘avoid crowded places’.
Conclusions
Soft interventions like nudges can be implemented at crowded places to remind the public of the ease of transmitting the virus to their loved ones. Increasing media presence of public health experts can be a viable alternative to improve adherence.
... Risks that are initially underestimated may be revised on the basis of external, official statistics. This has implications for behaviour: other studies have found a positive association between trust in government and willingness to engage in behaviours that help societies combat the COVID-19 pandemic (Han et al. 2023;Gotanda et al. 2021). Indeed, trust in the government is a known correlate of vaccine willingness and vaccine hesitancy worldwide Trent et al. 2022;Schernhammer et al. 2022). ...
Aim
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of individuals’ risk perceptions and their impact on behaviour. Adequate risk perceptions help individuals adopt necessary precautions.
Subject and methods
We conducted a longitudinal panel study analysing data across eight European countries from the European COVID Survey (ECOS). We used two generalised linear models with ordered logistic regression to analyse panel data comprising 82,052 observations from 11 waves of ECOS. Our aim was to investigate self-reported risk perception related to COVID-19 and its association with socioeconomic factors, health indicators, personal experiences with COVID-19 and trust in risk communication. We examined perceived susceptibility to SAR-CoV-2 infection and perceived risk to one’s own health from COVID-19, interpreting these as dimensions of risk perception in accordance with the health belief model.
Results
Women perceived higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection than men. Regardless of gender, perceived susceptibility increased with age, peaking in the 35–44 age group before declining. In contrast, perceived risk to health consistently rose with age. Individuals who did not experience financial difficulties during the pandemic perceived lower health risk than those who did experience such difficulties. Moreover, individuals with higher education levels perceived greater susceptibility than those with lower levels. Other influencing factors included SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, trust in information, attention to COVID-19 news and pandemic phase.
Conclusion
Several socio-economic factors were associated with risk perceptions. Unvaccinated individuals, people with lower education levels and individuals with less trust in institutional information were more likely to underestimate their susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and their health risk due to COVID-19.
... We explored the COVID-19 containment behaviours of people with chronic conditions or impairments who are disabled in daily life and come from minoritised ethnic groups. Our findings broadly match other studies [67,[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107] but with further nuance because of our recruitment across a range of conditions and diverse migrant groups, including undocumented and recent migrants, and our intersectional lens. For example, contrary to public and government discourses [108], we found participants tended to over-comply rather than dismiss guidelines, due to their known greater vulnerability to COVID-19. ...
Within the 2020/21 CICADA (Coronavirus Intersectionalities: Chronic Conditions or Disabilities and Migrants and other Ethnic minorities) study, we explored full, partial or noncompliance with government COVID-19 infection-containment measures by people from minoritised ethnic groups with a disabling health condition or impairment. We used an assets-based intersectional approach and purposive sampling, included non-disabled and White British comparators, and trained community co-researchers to help us reach undocumented migrants and asylum seekers. We undertook 271 semi-structured qualitative interviews, followed by participatory workshops with interviewees to explore data and changes in experiences five and 10 months after the interviews. Perceiving their vulnerability to COVID-19, most participants quickly and often zealously adopted infection-containment behaviours, and continued this after restrictions were lifted. This could reduce mental wellbeing, especially in community-facing cultures, and could create family conflict. Various structural inequities impeded compliance. Many, especially undocumented migrants, felt imprisoned. The intersection of gender, citizenship, socioeconomic status and culture impacted disclosures of COVID-19 infection, support seeking and use. Many were unclear what was safe as well as unsafe. People complained that disability and cultural considerations were omitted from policymaking. Participants mostly had taken the COVID-19 vaccine by October 2022, but ethnic minority participants needed time to deliberate and trusted, community-embedded information whereas White British participants were mostly influenced by mass media. The intersection of health condition or impairment, poverty, and living alone led to more non-compliance with general rules, and more vaccine hesitancy than did misinformation spread through ethnic community channels. Many participants were reluctant to reintegrate in May 2022 because of continued perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 but by September 2022 = seemed more concerned about the economic crisis. We add two new ‘types’ to existing compliance typologies: deliberators (who eventually decide to follow the rules), and ‘necessity-driven non-compliers’ who are totally unable to comply because of their disabilities.
... Specifically, through a single question, the participants were asked how often they engaged in each of the six COVID-19 prevention behaviors over the past 7 days (e.g., "How often did you wear a mask to prevent COVID-19 over the past 7 days?"). Based on a previous study, items were scored on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (never) t to 5 (always) (27). For the scaled overall scores, Cronbach's alpha was T1 = 0.88, T2 = 0.86. ...
Objective
We aimed to examine the direct effects of exposure to media information about infection-preventing behavior and its indirect effects via interpersonal communication at two time points during the pandemic.
Methods
In August 2020 and August 2021, a web-based survey of Japanese people under a declared state of emergency was conducted. We collected sociodemographic data and data on seven types of exposure to media information, three types of exposure to interpersonal communication, and six types of infection-preventing behavior.
Results
A total of 784 participants completed both surveys. Exposure to information in the mass media decreased over the year, while interpersonal communication about COVID-19-related topics increased. The direct effect of exposure to information in the media about preventive behaviors was statistically significant in the pandemic’s early stages, but this was no longer true after 1 year. The indirect effect via interpersonal communication was statistically significant at both time points.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that the influence of media information on infection-preventing behavior during the pandemic was maintained over time as an indirect effect via interpersonal communication. For risk communication media strategies during pandemics, adopting strategies to generate interpersonal communication will have a sustained effect on preventive behavior.
... Previous studies have shown that low trust in the government can lead to lower compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, which in turn affects the effectiveness of government measures [8,10,[17][18][19][20]. Citizens are more likely to adhere to preventive measures, when they perceive the government as well organized [17,21]. However, the influence of sociopolitical factors on crisis response may vary depending on the context. ...
Background
The effectiveness of crisis response can be influenced by various structural, cultural, and functional aspects within a social system. This study uses a configurational approach to identify combinations of sociopolitical conditions that lead to a high case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in OECD countries.
Methods
A Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) is conducted on a sample of 38 OECD countries. The outcome to be explained is high COVID-19 CFR. The five potentially causal conditions are level of democracy, state capacity, trust in government, health expenditure per capita, and the median age of population. A comprehensive QCA robustness test protocol is applied, which includes sensitivity ranges, fit-oriented robustness, and case-oriented robustness tests.
Results
None of the causal conditions in both the presence and negation form were found to be necessary for high or low levels of COVID-19 CFR. Two different combinations of sociopolitical conditions were usually sufficient for the occurrence of a high CFR of COVID-19 in OECD countries. Low state capacity and low trust in government are part of both recipes. The entire solution formula covers 84 percent of the outcome. Some countries have been identified as contradictory cases. The explanations for their COVID-19 CFR require more in-depth case studies.
Conclusions
From a governance perspective, the weakness of government in effectively implementing policies, and the citizens’ lack of confidence in their government, combined with other structural conditions, serve as barriers to mounting an effective response to COVID-19. These findings can support the idea that the effects of social determinants of COVID-19 outcomes are interconnected and reinforcing.
... Participants reported fear [16,35,36,38,58], and a high risk of being infected [38]. In a previous study [59], participants across different cohorts among Asian countries were found to be more fearful. This is important as such fear has been linked to mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, and stress [1]. ...
... This is important as such fear has been linked to mental health difficulties such as depression, anxiety, and stress [1]. The review also reported mistrust towards the government in controlling the disease [38] however the role of important predictive factors such as the adoption of health behaviours, prosocial behaviours [59], education, and media freedom [60] has not been explored [60]. ...
Background
Covid 19 was declared as a public health emergency by the World Health Organisation (WHO) due to its rapid spread and catastrophic effects on health. It affected around 119 M people with mortality rate of 0.27% worldwide, including South-Asians. This review aims to understand the risk perceptions, cultural religious beliefs and the coping mechanisms of South Asians during the Covid 19 pandemic.
Methods
We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The following search engines were used: Medline, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science. Included studies investigated perceptions and opinions of individuals on knowledge, risk and protective factors, native faith based practices, and attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results
The database search produced 282 articles to screen. The final narrative synthesis included five studies comprising of 13,476 participants from Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Bangladesh. Ten studies, comprising 7,893 participants, were eligible and included for meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence with maximum heterogeneity for correct knowledge of symptoms, hand washing or use of sanitizers, face masking use of herbal or traditional remedies and physical distancing or avoidance of contact was reported through meta-analysis.
Conclusion
The review brings forth a useful comparison of individual and cultural differences in KAP, risk perceptions and coping strategies. This review highlights the need for and importance of tailored information dissemination, culturally sensitive risk communication, targeted educational interventions, community engagement and empowerment, policy, and infrastructure improvements, as well as continued research and data collection. By addressing these implications, efforts to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 can be more effective and equitable across diverse populations.
Prospero registration
CRD42021246475.
... In such events, public health institutions are interlaced with governmental ones in managing people's wellbeing and safety, so that trust in government is fundamental as well as trust in public health. Indeed, it produces sociability, which in turn leads to altruistic behaviours and acceptance of recommendations such as preventive measures to avoid a disease from spreading [12,13]. Moreover, trust in healthcare service was found as a predictor of vaccine acceptance and related to previous vaccine compliance, as well as trust in government relates to vaccine intention [14]. ...
... In the US, the pandemic response was politically polarized under the Trump administration, with misinformation about the virus often presented in mainstream media (Kerr et al., 2021;Motta et al., 2020). Perhaps unsurprisingly, this resulted in varying levels of trust in governments during this time; a factor that predicted compliance toward precautionary measures and prejudice toward immigrants Han et al., 2023;Shanka & Menebo, 2022;Vacchini et al., 2021). ...
Governments across the globe imposed behavioral restrictions to halt the spread of the
COVID-19. These preventive behaviors became a moralized issue and engagement in those behaviors varied. In moral psychology, there are various theoretical frameworks with measures of individual differences that concern the way we form moral judgments. In a pre-registered longitudinal three-wave project started before the pandemic, we examined the predictive power of several moral measures on compliance with behavioral guidelines, moralization toward noncompliance, and intention to vaccinate and actual vaccine uptake. Mature integrative and deliberative moral thinking predicted moralization and compliance better than several measures of utilitarianism. These results hold when controlling for Fear of Covid-19 and sociodemographic factors.