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Results of Cox regression analysis for the hazard of pregnancy at 200 DIM in dairy cows examined for CE at 26 ± 3 DIM, including treatments, parity, and BCS as covariates.
Source publication
Clinical endometritis (CE) is a major cause in affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of CE and to evaluate the effect of CE on reproductive performance in dairy cows using vaginal discharge score (VDS) grading system. 803 dairy cows were examined by vaginoscope with 4-poi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... survival time of pregnancy (days open) of 25% of CON group was 67 days (n = 506, 5.8% censored), 83 days (n = 99, 4.8% censored) for MEM, 122 days (n = 39, 5.1% censored) for NTME, 79 days (n = 45, 2.2% censored) for TME, 124 days (n = 34, 5.9% censored) for NTPE, and 74 days (n = 38, 2.6% censored) for TPE, indicating a 55-day delay to achieve the same percentage of pregnant cows in NTME group compared to CON group, 57-day delay in NTPE compared to CON group, 43-day delay in NTME compared to TME group, 50-day delay in NTPE compared to TPE group. The results of Cox regression analysis for the hazard of pregnancy within 200 DIM were shown in Table 3. The pregnancy rate of cows in CON group was 72.1%, 63.6% for MEM, 51.3% for NTME, 68.9% for TME, 50.0% for NTPE, and 68.4% for TPE. ...Similar publications
Background
We investigated the impact of different classification schemes for postpartum uterine disease on genital tract involution, milk yield, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. The reproductive tracts of 223 Polish Holstein cows were examined between 21 and 29 days postpartum (median 24 days). Transrectal ultrasonography was employed t...
The use of the developed and proposed by us biologically active substances drugs do not have a negative impact on the sows' productivity and contribute to the improvement of some reproductive indicators. Thus, the litter weight increased by 4.75 and 5.55 times higher, which is by 3.12% and 20.05% more, compared with the control, and the offspring s...
Simple Summary
Endometritis is a disease affecting reproductive performance in dairy cows. Considering the modern issues concerning the use of antibiotics in animal production, it is important to refine our criteria for diagnosing this disease. As such, confirming the presence of bacteria in the uterus before implementing an intrauterine antibiotic...
Objective
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the use of azithromycin during labour or caesarean section reduces the incidence of sepsis and infection among mothers and newborns.
Data sources
We independently searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases for relevant studies published before F...
Dry matter intake (DMI, kg/d) is closely related to the magnitude of negative energy and protein balance during the transition period, and the metabolic adaptations to support lactation in dairy cows. Thus, DMI might affect the development of cytological endometritis in the early postpartum period. Difficulty to adapt to these metabolic changes is...
Citations
... It not only influences the normal fertility of cows but also brings about great economic losses to the livestock industry (21). At present, antibiotics are the main treatment for most cow endometritis, but their disadvantages, such as the increase of bacterial resistance and drug residues, outweigh their advantages (22,23). It has been previously shown that IFN-t has an anti-inflammatory property (16,17,24). ...
Endometritis is a common cow disease characterized by inflammation of endometrium, which leads to infertility or low fertility of cows and brings huge economic losses to the dairy industry. Tau interferon (IFN-τ) has many important biological functions, including an anti-inflammatory effect. The present study aimed to survey the effects of IFN-τ administration on gut microflora and body metabolism in mice with endometritis and to explore the potential relationship. The results indicated that IFN-τ obviously alleviated the damage and ultrastructural changes of mouse endometrium induced by Escherichia coli and enhanced tight junction protein's expression level. Through analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we found that IFN-τ, especially at 12 h, could regulate the composition of gut microbiota associated with Pediococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterorhabdus in E. coli-induced mouse endometritis. Through histometabonomics, it was found that endometritis was related to 11 different metabolites and 4 potential metabolic pathways. These metabolites and metabolic pathways were major participants in metabolic pathways, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Correlation analysis of gut microbiota with uterine tissue metabolomics showed that changes in metabolic pathways might be affected by gut microbiota, such as Enterorhabdus in mouse endometritis. The above results indicated that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of IFN-τ might be reduction of the abundance of Enterorhabdus in the gut microbiota, affecting the expression level of important metabolites in uterine tissue and thus playing an anti-inflammatory role. IMPORTANCE The change in intestinal flora has been the focus of many disease studies in recent years, but the pathogenetic effect of interferon on endometritis is still unclear. The results of this study showed that IFN-τ alleviated the damage in mouse endometritis induced by E. coli and improved the endometrial tissue barrier. Its functional mechanism may be reduction of the abundance of Enterorhabdus in the intestinal microbiota, affecting the expression level of important metabolites in uterine tissue and thus playing an anti-inflammatory role.
... It not only causes infertility but also results in subfertility even after successful resolution of the disease. To diagnose the disease, transrectal palpation and ultrasonography of the reproductive tract are commonly undertaken under field conditions (Kasimanickam et al., 2004;Barlund et al., 2008), while evaluation of vaginal mucus to define an inflammatory discharge through vaginoscopy, the Metricheck tool or vaginal discharge score (VDS grading system) has also been used (Le Blanc et al., 2002;Wang et al., 2021). Furthermore, uterine cytology (cytobrush, lavage, or biopsy) (Kasimanickam et al., 2004;Lee et al., 2018), may be a more accurate method of diagnosis, as it permits determination of the proportion of endometrial cells and PMNs, and differentiate endometritis from vaginitis, cervicitis or other reproductive tract diseases, thus reducing the chances of false positive diagnoses (Westermann et al., 2010). ...
The objective of this study was to compare uterine lavage, Levamisol S/C, PGF2α i/m and its combinations on haematological indices,
bacterial load in cervico-vaginal mucus (CVM) and therapeutic response in endometritic buffaloes. Thirty six repeat breeder buffaloes
were randomly assigned into six equal groups. Six animals were kept as positive control (no treatment, only sexual rest, T0 ), and
the rests were assigned to five treatment group, i.e., T1 (uterine lavage), T2 (Levamisol S/C), T3 (PGF2α IM ), T4 (uterine lavage plus
Levamisol s/c) and T5 (uterine lavage plus PGF2α IM ). Significant (p<0.05) decline in bacterial load and TLC values were recorded after
treatment over pretreatment in all five treatment groups. Furthermore, Hb, TEC and PCV increased significantly after treatment as
compared to control. Significant drop in neutrophils and rise in lymphocytes was recorded post-treatment in all treatment groups.
The eosinophil, basophil and monocytes did not differ significantly within and amongst the groups. The therapeutic response was
33.33, 50.00, 66.67, 66.67, 83.33 and 83.33% in T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. The corresponding conception rates were 16.67,
33.33, 50.00, 50.00, 66.67 and 66.67 %. The results conclude that, uterine lavage along with Levamisol or PGF2α can be used effectively
to manage endometrtitic buffaloes.
... The nosogenesis of endometritis include the endocrine changes, the invasion of exogenous pathogens (tuberculosis, pathogenic bacteria and so on) and age [4][5][6] . The manifestations in patients with endometritis include lower abdominal pain, mild fever, and increased vaginal discharge 7,8 . Endometritis is often divided into acute endometritis and chronic endometritis 9,10 . ...
Endometritis seriously affects women's normal life and work. It has been found that microRNA-123-3p (miR-124-3p) expression is abnormally high expression in the patients of chronic endometritis. However, the underlying mechanism for miR-124-3p regulation of endometritis development remains unclear. In our study, we treated human endometrial epithelial cells (HEECs) with LPS to simulate endometrial injury in vitro. Then, HEEC was treated with miR-124-3p mimics and miR-124-3p inhibitor. Next, exosomes were separated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In addition, BMSCs were co-cultured with HEEC. Later on, dual-luciferase reporter assay was carried out to validate the regulation between miR-124-3p and DUSP6. Results indicated that LPS inhibited the viability of HEEC in time and dose dependent manner. MiR-124-3p inhibitor reversed apoptosis and viability inhibition of HEEC which were induced by LPS. In addition, we also found exosomes could transfer miR-124-3p from BMSCs to HEEC. Besides, BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo was observed to abolish LPS-induced viability and proliferation inhibition of HEEC by inducing the apoptosis of HEEC. Moreover, BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo alleviated inflammation of HEEC induced by LPS via upregulating DUSP6 and downregulating p-p65 and p-ERK. Furthermore, BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo protected against LPS-induced endometritis in vivo by upregulating DUSP6 and downregulating p-p65 and p-ERK. In conclusion, we found that BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo might be a promising new alternative to treat endometritis.
... Endometritis reduces reproductive performance in dairy cows and different management programs have been implemented to improve and control the endometritis such as intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α ) and intrauterine infusion of antibiotics (Dubuc et al. 2021;LeBlanc et al. 2002b;Wang et al. 2021). Response to the treatment of clinical endometritis and the subsequent improvement of the reproductive performance varies among reports. ...
Endometritis is one of the most common disorders that negatively influence reproductive performance in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive factors of the clinical cure of endometritis. A total of 700 Holstein dairy cows were examined for signs of clinical endometritis between 30 and 40 days in milk (the first examination in the time of clean test). A total of 131 cows with clinical endometritis were assigned for treatment. Cytological examination, reagent test strips, and characteristics of reproductive organs were evaluated at the time of treatment (the first examination) and two weeks after the treatment (the second examination: for evaluation of response to treatment of endometritis). After evaluation of treatment, cows were grouped into the responsive (n=56) and unresponsive (n=75) to treatment. Percentages of non-degenerated neutrophil (NDN), degenerated neutrophil (DN), total neutrophils and leukocyte esterase activity were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the unresponsive cows than those of responsive ones to treatment at the second examinations. Moreover, the nitrate test was significantly higher in the unresponsive group than the responsive group at the first examination. However, protein concentration and percentages of lymphocyte cells were significantly higher in the unresponsive animals than the responsive cows at the first and second stages of examination (P<0.05). Increasing of lymphocytes percentage, protein concentration, and nitrate test at the first stage of examination in the unresponsive cows showed more sever of inflammatory conditions and uterine infection in the unresponsive cows. Evaluation of these factors can predict the clinical cure of endometritis in dairy cows.
... The overall prevalence of clinical endometritis was 42.77% in different tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh and was higher than overall prevalence (3.4-40%) reported in the world (Gilbert et al. 2005). The present prevalence was higher than 33% but lower than 69.8% recorded by Wang et al. (2021) and Ribeiro et al. (2014), respectively. The disparity in the prevalence of endometritis compared to the above-mentioned reports can be due to differences in the management system under which the cows were maintained. ...
A total 664 infertile cows were examined thoroughly by rectal examination during infertility treatment camps and diagnosis of various reproductive ailments was done to document the prevalence of different types of infertility reared in different tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. In the present study, the highest prevalence was recorded for anestrus (44.27%) followed by endometritis (42.77%) and miscellaneous reproductive disorders (6.77%). Highest prevalence of anestrus conditions was recorded in Bharmour (51.72%) followed by Kinnaur (49.05%), Lahaul (47.76%) and Spiti (45.39%) areas whereas, lowest prevalence was recorded in Pangi (27.93%) region. After diagnosis, total 189 cows were treated for different reproductive ailments, however, only 101 cows could be followed and 70 had responded to the treatment with success rate of 69.30 per cent. In conclusion, anestrus and endometritis were the most prevalent forms of infertility in cows of tribal areas and were successfully treated with their respective treatment.
BACKGROUND
Dysphagia, or swallowing disorder, is a common complication following stroke, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) therapy has emerged as a potential rehabilitation technique to improve swallowing function, but its efficacy in comparison with conventional treatments remains to be further explored.
AIM
To investigate the effects of different treatment intensities of EMGBF on swallowing function and motor speed after stroke.
METHODS
The participants were divided into three groups, all of which received routine neurological drug therapy and motor function rehabilitation training. On the basis of routine swallowing disorder training, the EMGBF group received additional EMGBF training, while the enhanced EMGBF group received two additional training sessions. Four weeks before and after treatment, the degree of swallowing disorder was evaluated using the degree of swallowing disorder score (VGF) and the Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale (PAS).
RESULTS
Initially, there was no significant difference in VGF and PAS scores among the groups (P > 0.05). After four weeks, all groups showed significant improvement in both VGF scores and PAS scores. Furthermore, the standardized swallowing assessment and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale scores also improved significantly post-treatment, indicating enhanced swallowing function and motor function of the hyoid-bone laryngeal complex, particularly in the intensive EMGBF group.
CONCLUSION
EMGBF training is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving swallowing function and the movement rate of the hyoid laryngeal complex in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.
Researchers have reported that miR-124-3p is highly expressed in patients with chronic endometritis. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-124-3p in the development of endometritis remains unclear. This study constructed an in vitro endometrial cell injury model by treating HEECs with 2 μg/mL LPS for 48 h. Then, 1 mg/kg LPS was injected into both sides of the mouse uterus to construct an in vivo endometrial injury model. The expression of miR-124-3p in human endometrial epithelial cells (HEECs) was assessed using RT‒qPCR. Exosomes were separated from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and cocultured with HEECs. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the relationship between miR-124-3p and DUSP6. The results indicated that LPS inhibited HEEC viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The miR-124-3p inhibitor reversed the LPS-induced apoptosis and inhibition of HEEC viability. In addition, miR-124-3p could be transferred from BMSCs to HEECs by exosomes. Exosomes were derived from BMSCs treated with an NC inhibitor (BMSCs/NC Exo) or miR-124-3p inhibitor (BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo). In addition, BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo abolished the LPS-induced inhibition of HEEC viability and proliferation by inducing HEEC apoptosis. Moreover, BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo alleviated the LPS-induced inflammation of HEECs by upregulating DUSP6 and downregulating p-p65 and p-ERK. Furthermore, in an LPS-induced in vivo endometrial injury model, BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo increased the expression level of DUSP6 and decreased the expression levels of p-p65 and p-ERK. BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo protected against LPS-induced endometrial damage in vitro and in vivo by upregulating DUSP6 and downregulating p-p65 and p-ERK1/2. This study showed that BMSCs/anti-miR-124-3p Exo might be a potential alternative for the treatment of endometritis.
The aims of this study were to evaluate metabolic profiles obtained at -14, 14, and 28 days in milk (DIM), and to identify potential predictive biomarkers of Holstein dairy cows with purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) at 28 DIM. The body condition score (BCS) and hematocrit (Hct) were evaluated, and a metabolic profile test (MPT) was performed at -14, 14, and 28 DIM using serum samples. Cows at 28 DIM were classified using a vaginoscopy and divided into groups of healthy cows (n=89) and cows with PVD (n=31). Albumin (Alb), total cholesterol (TCho), calcium (Ca) and, magnesium (Mg) levels were lower in cows with PVD than in healthy cows at 14 DIM. At 28 DIM, levels of Alb, TCho, Ca, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Mg, and Hct were lower in cows with PVD. A multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA; odds ratios; OR=4.47; P<0.01), lower Alb (OR=0.07; P<0.01) and lower Tcho (OR=0.99; P=0.08) at 14 DIM, and lower Hct (OR=0.83; P=0.05), lower Alb (OR=0.12; P<0.01), and lower BUN (OR=0.74; P=0.02) at 28 DIM were significantly associated with PVD. In conclusion, serum Alb levels was a potential indicator associated with PVD, reflecting dietary protein deficiency preceding disease. Our findings suggest that MPT should be considered to monitor health status during the postpartum period for early diagnosis of PVD.
The article presents data on the establishment of the effectiveness of intrauterine administration of the experimental herbal preparation Fit-O-Metrin based on extracts of thyme, oregano and barberry in postpartum endometritis in sows. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus is a fairly common disease of the genitals in sows, especially after farrowing, which often occurs against the background of viral infection due to bacterial or parasitic contamination of the uterus, as well as due to violation of veterinary rules of pigs and feeding poor quality feed, fungus and their toxins. In most cases, endometritis in sows secretes bacterial microflora and is treated with drugs to which the microflora is not resistant or use new broad-spectrum antibiotics, but it is known that they act not only on its microflora but also saprophytes of the vagina and its dorsum, turn may be the etiological factor of settlement in these organs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Treatment of 20 sows of the control group was carried out according to the protocol adopted in the farm: Cobactan at a dose of 4 ml per 100 kg intramuscularly, once a day for 3 days, Dexafort at a dose of 1 ml per 50 kg, intramuscularly, once, Introvit in dose of 10.0 ml per animal, intramuscularly once, Catozal at a dose of 10.0 ml per animal, intramuscularly once, Galapan at a dose of 2.0 ml per animal intramuscularly, once. 10 animals of the experimental group to this protocol in the uterus was injected Fit-O-Metrin drug at a dose of 30.0 ml once. During the studies, the duration of exudate secretion after the end of treatment was taken into account and a sonographic examination of the uterus was performed, in addition, the nature of uterine secretions before insemination was taken into account. 30-35 days after insemination with the help of a sonographic device examined the condition of the uterus of sows to diagnose pregnancy or infertility. The prevalence of postpartum catarrhal-purulent and purulent endometritis among sows after farrowing was 25.0 %, purulent exudate was excreted in 30 % of sick animals, in the rest (70 %) purulent-catarrhal exudate flowed from the vagina. After using Fit-O-Metrin drug for postpartum endometritis in sows, the number of animals admitted to insemination increased by 55.0 % (p≤0.001), and their fertility by 34.4 % (p≤0.05).
