Response surfaces for the CC (left) and FF (right) DOEs serve as a sanity check for the optimization by indicating the relationship between the independent variables and the optimization objectives. In the application of the optimization on different distribution circuits, the CC and FF may be run quickly first to estimate the benefit of the VPP controls.

Response surfaces for the CC (left) and FF (right) DOEs serve as a sanity check for the optimization by indicating the relationship between the independent variables and the optimization objectives. In the application of the optimization on different distribution circuits, the CC and FF may be run quickly first to estimate the benefit of the VPP controls.

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Smart homes and virtual power plant (VPP) controls are growing fields of research with potential for improved electric power grid operation. A novel testbed for the co-simulation of electric power distribution systems and distributed energy resources (DERs) is employed to evaluate VPP scenarios and propose an optimization procedure. DERs of specifi...