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Scientific studies confirm the existence of a crisis caused by climate change, in which global causes produce local effects. Despite climate agreements, greenhouse gas emissions continue to fall short of targets to limit global warming. There is still a need for comparable data for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13—Climate Action. The motivatio...
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... Initially, Fuzzy Set Theory was applied in the field of Formal Sciences, but in the last 45 years, several researchers have published many articles and studies with applications in different fields [63][64][65][66]. Over time, Fuzzy Logic models have proven to be effective in addressing the new needs of society, such as the management of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 [16] and the climate crisis [67]. ...
... According to [76], using Fuzzy Logic helps the decision-maker in uncertain environments, as he can evaluate the information available through Fuzzy sets and Fuzzy systems. As indicated in other studies [67,77], decisions in the real world take place in uncertain environments where the consequences of actions are not accurately known. An application of Fuzzy Logic precisely considers the intersection of objectives and constraints within a multi-stage process in which human subjectivity influences the decision [78]. ...
... In another study [82], the model was used to establish the level of relationship between different stakeholders and to obtain the corresponding affinities [82]. As a drawback, this algorithm depends on the quality of the information received [67], and to overcome this problem, the authors will use data from official sources [10] to perform the calculations. ...
Innovation plays a crucial role in the economy of nations worldwide. In Latin America, countries foster competitiveness through public and private incentives to support innovation. Moreover, entrepreneurship incentives seek to improve countries’ performance, although factors such as low business growth rates and informality can compromise it. Despite the efforts, there are several difficulties in achieving competitiveness, and few studies in developing countries. Therefore, the article explores the relationship between the factors that influence competitiveness, especially the role of innovation and entrepreneurship in Brazil and Peru. The research uses quantitative-qualitative methodology through modeling and simulation and a case study. The authors use the Affinities Theory to verify the relationship between the indicators that make up the competitiveness landscape and its most significant and attractive factors, adapting the methodology established by the International Institute for Management Development (IMD) World Competitiveness ranking. As a result, this algorithm allows us to know the relationships between five factors of economic attractiveness and four competitiveness indicators. As its main contributions, the study advances the frontier of knowledge about innovation and entrepreneurship, as few studies explore competitiveness in developing countries. Also, it offers a detailed explanation of the application of this algorithm, allowing researchers to reproduce this methodology in other scenarios. Practically, it might support policymakers in formulating development strategies and stimuli for business competitiveness. In addition, academic and business leaders can strengthen university-business collaboration with applied research in innovation and entrepreneurship. One limitation would be the number of countries participating in the research. The authors suggest future lines of research.
... Any improvements in the monitored area have a positive effect on several other indicators, such as industrialization, poverty or even the ability of regions to adapt more easily to climate change (Che et al., 2021). However, despite climate agreements, greenhouse gas emissions continue to fall short of the goals to limit global warming, and global causes thus induce local effects (Barcellos-Paula et al., 2023). ...
European member states have taken several systematic steps on the way to become low-carbon and resource-efficient economies since the adoption of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The long-term targets in the field of climate and energy challenges is currently being continued and developed through the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. In order to assess the current situation and progress in the given area, it is necessary to consistently analyze the results that the member states have achieved during the validity of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze and assess the degree of fulfilment of Europe 2020 targets by EU member states in the field of the environment with a subsequent link to the targets of the 2030 Agenda. We compared the values of the selected indicators (Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption (RER), Final energy consumption (FEC), Primary energy consumption (PEC) and Net greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the EU Member States with the national goals of the selected countries by application of multivariate comparison methods, namely, the ranking method, the scoring method and the distance method. Among the countries that achieved the best results in the evaluation were Greece, Romania and Estonia. On the other hand, in the sample of countries, there were four, namely, France, Ireland, Austria and Belgium, which did not meet the targets and based on the prediction, they will not achieve them even by 2025.
Recent crises exacerbate social, environmental, and economic problems affecting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and urban resilience. Urgent action is needed to address these issues. The paper aims to (i) broaden the debate on urban resilience and the SDGs and (ii) examine how the interconnection of Urban Spatial Resilience (USR) and the SDGs can contribute to sustainable cities and communities. The research is developed through a literature review and a bibliometric analysis, followed by a quantitative approach using modeling and simulation. The results reveal three critical elements that can impact urban resilience and sustainable development: SDG11, urban spatial structure resilience, and urban spatial form resilience. Other findings indicate that SDG13 and SDG6 have a significant indirect relationship with urban resilience. The study provides policy implications supporting urban resilience and the SDGs.