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BACKGROUND: A software engineering systematic map is a defined method to build a classification scheme and structure a software engineering field of interest. The analysis of results focuses on frequencies of publications for categories within the scheme. Thereby, the coverage of the research field can be determined. Different facets of the scheme...
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... the research facet which reflects the research approach used in the papers is general and independent from a specific focus area. We choose an existing classification of research approaches by Wieringa et al. (Wieringa et al. 2006), summarized in Table 3. We found these categories easy to interpret and use for classification without evaluating each paper in detail (as it is done for a systematic review). ...
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... Our goal in this study is to investigate the literature on algorithmic discrimination and analyze how reported cases align with the fairness debt conceptual framework presented in Figure 1. To achieve this, we conducted a mapping study [28], [29]. However, unlike traditional mapping studies, we utilized an existing dataset rather than starting a new one from scratch. ...
Context. The increasing deployment of artificial intelligence in decision-making processes has highlighted biases embedded in algorithms, leading to discriminatory outcomes that impact society. This phenomenon has led to the proposal of fairness debt, a type of software debt that emerges when biases are not addressed early in development and accumulate over time, creating costly, complex issues that can perpetuate societal inequities. Goal. This study aimed to explore the concept of fairness debt within algorithm-driven decision-making systems, identifying how deferred fairness considerations lead to accumulated biases and affect society. Method. We conducted a mapping study, analyzing 86 papers on algorithmic discrimination to classify root causes, effects, and instances of discrimination associated with fairness debt. Findings. Our findings indicate that several root causes, such as training bias, historical bias, and design bias, contribute to the accumulation of fairness debt, with manifestations in issues like sexism, racism, ableism, and ageism within systems. These accumulated biases can exacerbate social inequalities, limit algorithmic reliability, and perpetuate stereotypes, demonstrating fairness debt's extensive societal impact. Discussions. Our study demonstrates that fairness debt extends beyond technical issues, encompassing broader societal consequences that demand proactive mitigation strategies, emphasizing the risks associated with deferring fairness considerations and highlighting the importance of fairness as a foundational principle in modern software systems, in particular AI systems. Conclusion. We explore algorithm discrimination through the lens of fairness debt, showcasing e that social concerns of algorithms can be interpreted as the main component of software engineering practice, considering the socio-technical factors embedded in it and helping researchers and developers explore discrimination in their systems and practices.
... In this paper we scope the research on climate change and education using systematic mapping of the peer-reviewed literature. Systematic mapping is an approach that seeks to give an overview of an area of research by identifying, categorizing and assessing the existing literature on a topic [34]. It is different from a systematic review whose scope it is to synthesize evidence, identifying strengths and weaknesses, usually with a very specific formulated goal [35]. ...
The growing urgency of the climate crisis necessitates innovative educational approaches to equip people with the knowledge and skills to address climate challenges and be able to influence policy effectively. Education can be a central asset to promoting climate action, yet the importance of climate change education has been underexposed in large and influential assessment reports such as those from the IPCC. This study provides a comprehensive mapping of the literature on climate change education with a particular focus on the time period 2008-2023. By combining human coding and natural language processing (NLP) techniques, we examined a diverse corpus of over 6’000 publications from the peer reviewed literature. The findings highlight the pivotal role of climate education across various disciplines and its alignment with critical climate research themes such as adaptation, mitigation, disaster risk management, and sustainability. Our analysis reveals three predominant topics within the literature which are related to effective learning methodologies, sustainable development education, and the importance of education in adaptation and resilience. Additionally, we identified emerging themes emphasizing the role of youth as change agents, the necessity of transformative educational practices and the importance of energy literacy. Through geoparsing, it was possible to infer country mentions and case studies. These appeared to be largely skewed towards the English speaking countries and in particular the United States and United Kingdom, underpinning the urgency of diversifying research funding and fostering an open data culture. The insights gained from this scoping review underscore the potential of climate education to not only enhance knowledge but also to drive community engagement and policy initiatives, thus contributing to broader climate action efforts. In essence, it suggests fostering innovative educational practices for cultivating an active and informed society capable of addressing the pressing challenges posed by climate change. Importantly, this study calls for the integration of climate change education themes into climate policy-relevant assessment reports.
... After executing the search string in the digital library, a list of potentially relevant studies is retrieved. To ensure that only studies aligned with the mapping study's objectives and capable of answering the research questions are included, we developed a set of selection criteria (Petersen et al, 2008). As suggested by Petersen et al (2015), we piloted the selection criteria (using a sample of 100 studies from the search results) and refined them until consensus was reached among the three authors of this paper that the criteria effectively included relevant studies and excluded irrelevant ones. ...
... For topic-specific classification, the goal is to categorize studies according to their primary focus areas or themes. This is achieved through a systematic keywording of abstracts method, as outlined by Petersen et al (2008). ...
Extended Reality (XR) is an emerging technology spanning diverse application domains and offering immersive user experiences. However, its unique characteristics, such as six degrees of freedom interactions, present significant testing challenges distinct from traditional 2D GUI applications, demanding novel testing techniques to build high-quality XR applications. This paper presents the first systematic mapping study on software testing for XR applications. We selected 34 studies focusing on techniques and empirical approaches in XR software testing for detailed examination. The studies are classified and reviewed to address the current research landscape, test facets, and evaluation methodologies in the XR testing domain. Additionally, we provide a repository summarising the mapping study, including datasets and tools referenced in the selected studies, to support future research and practical applications. Our study highlights open challenges in XR testing and proposes actionable future research directions to address the gaps and advance the field of XR software testing.
... In this study, we adopted the process flow used by Petersen et al [9], refer Figure 1. ...
... The Systematic Mapping Process(Petersen et al, 2008) [9]. ...
... The Systematic Mapping Process(Petersen et al, 2008) [9]. ...
Currently, 360∘ product media is becoming very popular, especially through an immersive approach as a learning media and is not yet known in depth about how 3600 product media are used in the education sector. This research aims to analyze the use of 360∘ media supporting learning media in education and to explore future research opportunities. The method used is a systematic mapping study of primary literature that used only scientific papers that have been published and Scopus indexed. The number of scientific papers analyzed were 100 out of 179, and only 20 scientific papers were truly suitable. The results analysis shows that the use of 360∘ media can be in the form of video formats, 3D models, and applications. With its utilization mostly used in interdisciplinary fields, and the results of the parameter analysis of media utilization 360∘ show that this media is very useful and recommended for use in education. Keywords: 360∘ media, immersive, learning media, review paper, systematic mapping
... Therefore, our research aims to identify the technologies used to evaluate Usability and UX in touchable holograms. For this identification, we conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) aiming to provide an overview (state-of-theart) of a research area and to identify the amount, type of research, and results available [Petersen et al., 2008, 2015; Kitchenham et al., 2016. Our SMS [Campos et al., 2023b] followed the guidelines of Kitchenham et al. [2016] and Petersen et al. [2008] and extracted data from publicized studies until April/2021 about the evaluation technologies (such as types of methods, which aspects they cover, and whether they were known) and holographic solutions (such as their purpose, devices involved, type of gesture, and feedback). ...
... For this identification, we conducted a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) aiming to provide an overview (state-of-theart) of a research area and to identify the amount, type of research, and results available [Petersen et al., 2008, 2015; Kitchenham et al., 2016. Our SMS [Campos et al., 2023b] followed the guidelines of Kitchenham et al. [2016] and Petersen et al. [2008] and extracted data from publicized studies until April/2021 about the evaluation technologies (such as types of methods, which aspects they cover, and whether they were known) and holographic solutions (such as their purpose, devices involved, type of gesture, and feedback). ...
This article presents an extended Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) focused on usability and user experience (UX) valuation technologies for Touchable Holographic Solutions (THS). Given the growing integration of holograms in Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) settings, evaluating usability and UX becomes highly important. Our study expands on previous research by analyzing an additional two years of publications, covering 5429 studies, and selecting 65 that discuss 200 evaluation technologies. The main problem addressed is the gap in comprehensive evaluation frameworks that integrate usability and UX criteria. We followed systematic guidelines to identify and analyze evaluation technologies, highlighting an increased focus on UX alongside traditional usability. Key findings include the persistent emphasis on time efficiency in usability evaluations and the dominance of generic UX, usability, and pleasure/fun in UX assessments. However, unique aspects of MR, such as presence, are often overlooked. The study also reveals a preference for empirical validation through controlled experiments and case studies, although few technologies have undergone such validation. Head-mounted displays (HMDs) and smart glasses, especially Microsoft Hololens™, remain prevalent due to their advanced capabilities. Our findings underscore the need for integrated evaluation technologies and empirical validation to ensure reliability. This work contributes to the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) area by mapping current evaluation technologies, identifying research gaps, and providing a foundation for developing innovative and effective evaluation methods for THS, thus advancing the understanding and improvement of user interaction in immersive environments.
... The advancement in technology has increased the inconsistency between processor and memory and many methods are introduced to reduces this memory and storage bottleneck (Barbosa & Alves, 2011;Petersen et al., 2008) . One of the possible ways is modifying the memory architecture such as a radical memory-centric architecture (Faraboschi et al., 2015). ...
The power saving in mobile systems is a big concern. It has attracted the attention of most of the researchers. In addition to this, process variation plays an important role in device performance, especially at lower technology nodes and low supply voltages. The application of non-volatile memory (NVM) devices with SRAM cell is found as an effective solution for power consumption. Also, the Schmitt Trigger (ST) action helps in maintaining the device performance under process variations. To attain both the features, a non-volatile SRAM (nvSRAM) cell using eleven transistor and one memristor (11T1M) is presented in this work. In addition to this, Schmitt Trigger (ST) action is used to improve the stability of the proposed design. From simulations, it is observed that the proposed 11T1M nvSRAM cell offer minimum deviation in delay performance and better stability in comparison to considered cells. The leakage power consumption of proposed
design is also minimum.
... A systematic mapping study is a literature review approach. Mapping study is the most effective method in combining research findings and is the methodology used in this study [25]. It includes topics that require more study and provide evidence at the top level. ...
The objective of this investigation is to examine bibliometric attributes associated with and the interplay between digital policy, governance sustainability, and student online shopping behavior through Instagram, utilizing data from the Scopus database spanning the period from 2014 to 2024. This paper presents recommendations for prospective avenues of study and advancement in this domain. Employing VOSviewer software, 30 articles underwent bibliometric scrutiny, facilitating the visualization of patterns such as keyword co-occurrence. The findings revealed a conspicuous constraint in the exploration of sustainable digital governance influencing student online shopping, which remains underexplored. The most researched topics are online shopping (70%), e-commerce (13,33%), students (10%), e-lifestyle (3,33%), and e-service (3,33%). Keywords: Bibliometric Analysis, Online Shopping, Scopus, VOSviewer, Digital Policy
... Systematic mapping research constitutes a method of literature review. The mapping study is the most effective approach for synthesizing research findings and is the methodology employed in this research [37]. It addresses subjects necessitating additional examination and presents evidence at an advanced level. ...
The study analyzed 58 articles from leading international journals from 2015 to 2024. The research found significant trends, such as more publications appearing in 2023, indicating a growing interest in sustainable economic practices. The research exhibited that the United States led the way in contributions, followed by China, the UK, Spain, and Australia, each of which demonstrated an essential role in the advancement of blue technologies. Key research areas include “Blue Economy,” “Innovation,” “Sustainable Development,” “Environmental Economics,” “Climate Change,” and “Sustainability.” All these fields display a strong desire to combine economic activity with consideration of environmental aspects. Notably, much of the research was conducted by smaller institutions, which emphasizes extensive field cooperation. New themes, such as “Blue Taxation,” “Blue Digital Value Co-Creation,” and “Blue Digital Finance,” are attracting increasing attention, showing creative ways and technological advances to support sustainability. This study suggests conducting research involving multiple disciplines, studying creative financing methods, maintaining policy stability, addressing socio- economic disparities, utilizing technology and innovation, and cooperating with people around the world. The purpose of these insights is to aid future research and practice, foster advances in technology and innovation in the Blue Economy, and ensure economic growth in harmony with environmental sustainability.
... A systematic mapping study, as opposed to the Systematic Literature Review, is a type of secondary study (study based on the analysis of previous research). Its objective is to determine the scope of research conducted on a specific research topic and to classify knowledge, as opposed to a systematic review that seeks to answer a specific research question [25,26]. ...
... For this purpose, we follow the methodology proposed by Petersen et al. [26] in which they suggest a procedure consisting of 5 stages: 3.1 Define research questions; 3.2 Perform a literature search; 3.3 Select studies; 3.4 Classify papers; and 3.5 Extract and perform data aggregation. ...
... For a systematic mapping study, Kitchenham et al. [25] and Petersen et al. [26] defined guidelines suggesting that other parts of the analyzed articles should only be evaluated in cases where they are not well structured or are imprecise. For this research, we decided to fully analyze each manuscript to answer all the questions raised better. ...
Quantum computing represents a revolutionary computational paradigm with the potential to address challenges beyond classical computers’ capabilities. The development of robust quantum software is indispensable to unlock the full potential of quantum computing. Like classical software, quantum software is expected to be complex and extensive, needing the establishment of a specialized field known as Quantum Software Engineering. Recognizing the regional focus on Latin America within this special issue, we have boarded on an in-depth inquiry encompassing a systematic mapping study of existing literature and a comprehensive survey of experts in the field. This rigorous research effort aims to illuminate the current landscape of Quantum Software Engineering initiatives undertaken by universities, research institutes, and companies across Latin America. This exhaustive study aims to provide information on the progress, challenges, and opportunities in Quantum Software Engineering in the Latin American context. By promoting a more in-depth understanding of cutting-edge developments in this burgeoning field, our research aims to serve as a potential stimulus to initiate pioneering initiatives and encourage collaborative efforts among Latin American researchers.
... The performed Systematic Mapping Study aimed to provide a rigorous and repeatable process for identifying and documenting scientific studies investigating the adaptation of digital games for the users' needs. The mapping was mainly based on the guidelines defined by [7,12,13]. Four researchers participated in the Planning, Conducting, and Reporting of the study. The search string defined for the protocol was the following: The search bases used were The ACM Digital Library and IEEE Xplore Digital Library, both known for their tradition in the academic community and for being the main bases for computing papers. ...
Accessibility involves removing barriers to allow a product or service to be used by as many people as possible. In the context of digital games, one way to address the diversity of an audience is through adaptability, allowing game characteristics to be customized to the needs of its different users. The current state of the art in the literature on game adaptation for accessibility reveals various adaptation features targeting specific user groups, such as patients, regular gamers, students, and health professionals. However, designing adaptable games for a diverse audience can be challenging, and designers with little experience may struggle to understand which features are helpful for different audiences and needs. To mitigate this challenge, we present a prototype for a catalog of adaptation resources to support game designers in developing accessible digital games. This catalog will serve as a starting point to help designers choose which adaptation resources to implement to make their games more accessible to their audiences.
