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Repeated measures ANOVA testing interactions of distress between waves and significant sociodemographics a .
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We examined longitudinal differences in the severity of distress, depression, anxiety, and concerns and behaviors related to COVID-19 during the first two months of this pandemic, correlations between these variables, and interactions of distress with significant sociodemographics across waves. A longitudinal online survey was conducted in the Stat...
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Context 1
... current study had the major goal of providing longitudinal information regarding distress, depression, and anxiety towards COVID-19 in adult individuals from a metropolitan area in the central region of Mexico, during the first two months of the pandemic, thus adding to the global efforts to keep monitoring psychological variables related to this event. Overall, we found that around a fourth of the sample, both in wave 1 and wave 2, met criteria for significant distress associated with the pandemic, with the total score of the IES-6 diminishing 1.07 points after two months, which implies a weak effect size (Table 4). When further analyzing distress by its components, we found that intrusion and avoidance showed the highest intensities and that all three components diminished mildly in the follow-up, suggesting persistence of overall symptomatology of distress. ...Similar publications
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Methods
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Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected how people go about their daily lives, often in various and substantial ways. This study aims to prospectively evaluate the changes in social participation during the COVID-19 pandemic in persons with a high risk for a severe COVID-19 course in Germany.
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Background
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Citations
... [5][6][7]25 Our findings are also consistent with previous research indicating that higher COVID-19-infection-related social concerns, including economic impact, blame, and transmission to vulnerable family members, are linked to increased levels of depressive symptoms. [26][27][28] Using a structural equation model, we discovered that both COVID-19 infection and related social concerns indirectly influenced depressive symptoms through negative changes in daily life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. ...
Objective
This study examined the mediating effect of negative changes in daily life due to the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on depressive symptoms, considering COVID-19 infection and related social concerns. Additionally, comparisons of path coefficients between the groups were conducted based on age and gender.
Methods
A cross-sectional study design used data from the 2020 Korean Community Health Survey consisting of 229,269 individuals. This study used a self-reported questionnaire, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and three items addressing social concerns related to COVID-19 infection. A single question assessed whether individuals had experienced COVID-19 infection within the last 3 months, and scores of negative changes in daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Correlation analysis was performed on the variables. Structural equation model analysis was conducted to identify the mediating role of negative changes in daily life. Chi-square tests were also performed to compare the path coefficients based on age and gender.
Results
The structural equation models revealed that COVID-19 infection and related social concerns had both significant direct effects on depressive symptoms and indirect effects through negative changes in daily life. When comparing the path coefficients by age and gender, the coefficients related to depressive symptoms were highest in those under 65 years and in females.
Conclusion
Negative changes in daily life due to the COVID-19 pandemic serve as a partial mediator of the impact of COVID-19 infection and related social concerns on depressive symptoms. Special attention should be paid to depressive symptoms in those under 65 years of age and in females.
... Durante los años 2020, 2021 y 2022 han proliferado los estudios enfocados en los efectos negativos que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha dejado en la población; así se ha generado un amplio estado del arte para dar cuenta de que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha producido diversos impactos negativos en la salud, economía y crecimiento social de los países (Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe [CEPAL], 2020 a, b) y en la salud mental de la población (Apaza et al., 2020;Balluerka et al., 2020;Brooks et al., 2020;Gallegos et al., 2020;Scholten et al., 2020), principalmente en forma de estrés, ansiedad y depresión (Apaza et al., 2020;Barraza, 2020;Toledo-Fernández et al., 2021;Samrah et al., 2020). Todos estos estudios se enfocan en el deterioro, la carencia y el déficit; sin embargo, hacen falta estudios para encontrar los aprendizajes y el crecimiento que esta pandemia generó en la población, lo que da cuenta que en la Piscologia seguimos partiendo de un modelo patogénico que estudia los trastornos y afectaciones por sobre los recursos y las fortalezas. ...
El presente estudio tiene el objetivo de conocer las dificultades enfrentadas, las maneras de afrontarlas y los aprendizajes adquiridos durante la pandemia por COVID-19, para lo cual se aplicó una encuesta con tres preguntas abiertas, recabada a conveniencia vía online en 387 adultos mexicanos que enfrentaban la pandemia durante mayo de 2020. Se realizó un análisis temático por categorías de las respuestas y se encontró que las dificultades derivaron de los riesgos a la salud, economía, productividad y restricciones que la contingencia implicaba. Las estrategias de afrontamiento usadas fueron de tipo conductual, dirigidas hacia la resolución del problema y en menor medida de tipo cognitivo/emocional. Los aprendizajes obtenidos implicaron el desarrollo de habilidades y reflexiones diversas. Los resultados analizados desde la Psicología Positiva suman evidencia al estudio de las cualidades y emociones positivas para contribuir a potencializar la salud y al concepto de crisis como posibilidad de crecimiento.
... Finally, a local longitudinal survey in the State of Mexico was conducted of 670 adult respondents (ages eighteen to sixty), on the list of beneficiaries of a government program interviewed first from April 8 to 18 2020 and subsequently from May 11 to 27 2020 (Toledo-Fernández et al., 2021). Prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety in the previous two weeks was 11.94% in the first measurement and 12.23% in the second. ...
... Several of the best reports we have identified for anxiety symptoms also included measurement for depression (see the section on Anxiety for the overall methodology of these studies), namely (Betancourt-Ocampo et al., 2022;Cortés-Álvarez et al., 2022;Jáuregui Renaud et al., 2021;Toledo-Fernández et al., 2021). Betancourt-Ocampo et al. (2022) found higher scores in the third wave with respect to the two previous ones. ...
Background. Updated information is required on studies conducted in Mexico on the mental health consequences of COVID-19. Objective. In comparison with previous efforts, we increased the timeframe of the literature search to February 2023 and used a larger list of potential mental health outcomes. Method. We used common international literature databases and more local databases, such as SciELO, and the Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS). We focussed on the methodological issues of these studies, their prevalence estimates and suspected risk factors. Results. We reported on ninety-five studies that included Mexican data on symptoms of alcohol use, anxiety, depression, gaming, sleep problems and suicidal thoughts and behaviours. In most cases, we found a cross-sectional survey with self-reported information on mental health symptoms usually although not always with validated screening instruments and scales. These studies were implemented on websites, and sometimes over the phone, on self-selected volunteers. We found a small subset of fourteen longitudinal datasets (for alcohol use, anxiety, depression, and suicidal thoughts and behaviours) that suggested a more cautious interpretation of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Mexicans. Discussion and conclusion. Although the initial rapid studies during the early phases of the pandemic yielded warning signs, they did not necessarily follow standard epidemiological principles. Methodological improvements are required for future studies on the mental health consequences of natural, man-made disasters and epidemic contingencies.
... Sin embargo, existen resultados obtenidos en población general que describen un porcentaje similar de síntomas relacionados con ansiedad en personas mexicanas y que abordan adecuadamente las limitaciones metodológicas del presente trabajo (p.e.,Galindo et al., 2020).Respecto de la ansiedad, es importante resaltar que las estimaciones de incidencia cambian de acuerdo con el instrumento de evaluación utilizado; por ejemplo, en una investigación que utilizó como instrumento de tamizaje las escalas breves de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), se encontró un 22.7% para la ansiedad de moderada a severa(Cortés-Álvarez et al., 2020). En otras investigaciones, se reportan prevalencias desde el 12.23% hasta el 32.6% para la ansiedad de moderada a severa utilizando el cuestionario Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-2 y GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) en población mexicana(Gaitán-Rossi et al., 2021;Toledo-Fernández, 2021). No obstante, es importante enfatizar la importancia de la especificidad de cada uno de los inventarios para la evaluación de estos aspectos. ...
... It is very important to accurately assess distress, depression and anxiety. When not diagnosed correctly, they can cause serious impairments in daily life functions such as decreased work/academic performance, tension in interpersonal and family relationships, and decreased health in general (31). As expected, a significant correlation was found between IBD-DS and K10 and HADS in our study. ...
İnflamatuar bağırsak hastaları semptomların ve tedavinin yan etkilerinin günlük yaşam üzerindeki etkisi nedeniyle psikolojik sıkıntı yaşayabilirler. Bu çalışmanın amacı, İnflamatuar Bağırsak Hastalığı Sıkıntı Ölçeği'ni (İBH-SÖ) Türk diline uyarlamaktır. Bu metodolojik çalışma Türkiye’deki bir şehirde gastroenteroloji polikliniklerine başvuran 160 İBH hastası ile yürütülmüştür. İBH-SÖ'nün dilsel geçerliği için ileri-geri çeviri ve uzman görüşü yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Güvenirlik analizi için Cronbach alfa ve test-tekrar test analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapı geçerliğini değerlendirmek için Kessler Psikolojik Sıkıntı Ölçeği (K10) ve Hastane Anksiyete ve Depresyon Ölçeği (HADS) kullanılmıştır. Ortalama İBH-SÖ puanı 54.64±40.99 (0-155) bulunmuştur. İç tutarlılık analizinde Cronbach alfa güvenilirlik katsayısı 0,963 olarak bulunmuş ve maddeler ile toplam puan arasındaki korelasyonlar 0,378 ile 0,816 arasında değişmiştir. Test-tekrar test puanları arasında iyi bir korelasyon (ICC) bulunmuştur (ICC, 0.99; %95 güven aralığı, .994-1.0). İBH-SÖ puanlarının K10 (r=0.467, p<.001) ve HADS (r=0.516, p<.001) ölçekleri ile orta ila güçlü korelasyon gösterdiği bulunmuştur. İBH-SÖ'nün Türkçe versiyonu, Türk popülasyonunda kullanım için psikometrik açıdan yeterli bir ölçek olarak bulunmuştur.
... al., 2020; Lai et al., 2020;Samrah et al., 2020;Toledo-Fernández et al., 2021) y afectaciones psicológicas a nivel conductual y familiar que se agudizaron según el aumento de confinamiento (Ozamiz-Etxebarria et al., 2020;Torres et al., 2020). ...
RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las afectaciones psicosociales que la pandemia por COVID-19 ha generado en mujeres. Se acude a la técnica de revisión bibliográfica y análisis documental. Los resultados señalan que las mujeres han sido uno de los sectores más afectados por la crisis sanitaria, siendo notable el incremento de trabajo remunerado y no remunerado como el trabajo doméstico, de cuidados de niñez y de adultos mayores, y realización de trabajo sin apoyo de pareja o familia, lo cual generó síntomas de ansiedad, estrés y depresión en las mujeres, quienes constituyen un grupo vulnerable al enfrentar múltiples desventajas como el incremento de trabajo doméstico y salarios más bajos, en comparación a los hombres, problemática a la que se sumó el contexto de violencia que incrementó debido a mayor convivencia familiar durante la pandemia. Lo anterior visibiliza y pronuncia la brecha de género e incrementa las múltiples desventajas de vida y de trabajo de las mujeres. Palabras clave: brecha de género, mujeres, pandemia, salud mental, trabajo. REVISTA DE PSICOLOGÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO VOLUMEN 12, NÚMERO 30, FASCÍCULO 2, enero-junio 2023 / ISSN: 2007-7149
... In Mexico, several studies have reported higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression (Toledo-Fernández et al., 2021), as well as diverse psychological symptomatology at the behavioral and family levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, a topic of particular current interest has been the role of social support as a psychosocial protective factor against mental health difficulties during the pandemic (Grey et al., 2020). ...
Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a very negative impact on people’s overall mental health and psychosocial well-being, but the study of available social support to cope with such an adverse situation has received hardly any attention.
Objective:
To examine the psychometric properties of the MOS Perceived Social Support Questionnaire among the Mexican population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method:
Non-experimental cross-sectional study. A sociodemographic questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study were applied in a non-probabilistic sample. A total of 898 people from different regions in Mexico, 258 males and 640 females, participated in the study in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results:
The analysis yielded a bi-factor model with two factors, Emotional/informational support and Tangible support, with satisfactory goodness of fit indices. Reliability was adequate with a high hierarchical omega coefficient, as well as in the factors. Likewise, the H coefficient was adequate in the general factor and its dimensions.
Conclusions:
Results showed that the scale is a valid and reliable measure of perceived social support among the Mexican population.
... Sin embargo, existen resultados obtenidos en población general que describen un porcentaje similar de síntomas relacionados con ansiedad en personas mexicanas y que abordan adecuadamente las limitaciones metodológicas del presente trabajo (p.e.,Galindo et al., 2020).Respecto de la ansiedad, es importante resaltar que las estimaciones de incidencia cambian de acuerdo con el instrumento de evaluación utilizado; por ejemplo, en una investigación que utilizó como instrumento de tamizaje las escalas breves de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21), se encontró un 22.7% para la ansiedad de moderada a severa(Cortés-Álvarez et al., 2020). En otras investigaciones, se reportan prevalencias desde el 12.23% hasta el 32.6% para la ansiedad de moderada a severa utilizando el cuestionario Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-2 y GAD-7, por sus siglas en inglés) en población mexicana(Gaitán-Rossi et al., 2021;Toledo-Fernández, 2021). No obstante, es importante enfatizar la importancia de la especificidad de cada uno de los inventarios para la evaluación de estos aspectos. ...
Los seres humanos y otros grupos de animales no humanos son gregarios. Sin embargo, entre los seres humanos, vivir en grupo y estar en compañía de otros constituye una relación práctica de convivencia entre individuos posibilitada cómo y a través del lenguaje. Cada cultura fomenta distintas formas de contacto físico y de tolerancia a la proximidad entre individuos, por ejemplo: contactos táctiles y distancia entre personas. Actualmente, los espacios virtuales han adquirido especial relevancia en la interacción entre individuos en diferentes ámbitos formales (e.g., la escuela o el trabajo) e informales (e.g., la familia). Incluso, a nivel global, la emergencia sanitaria ha auspiciado las interacciones en espacios virtuales en lugar de los espacios no virtuales que posibilitan el contacto presencial. En este capítulo presentamos una revisión teórica sobre la relevancia de la dimensión espacial en el análisis psicosociológico del comportamiento del individuo en relación con otros individuos como objetos del entorno. Al final, exponemos una propuesta experimental para el análisis del comportamiento emergente en espacios virtuales en comparación con los patrones conductuales posibilitados por el contacto presencial.
... In a Mexican sample, being an adult woman and living with children were risk factors associated with distress. 27 We did not evaluate associated factors, but we can assume a potential burden linked to overload for adults, particularly women, who have more to handle at work and at home. Homeschooling children, working from home, fear of economic struggle, and risk of contaminating loved ones were identified as distressing factors in a previous study by our groups. ...
Objective: To compare the distress level among Brazilian healthcare professionals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and estimate risks by sex, age, and occupation.
Methods: In a longitudinal cohort design, a nationally distributed online survey was used to collect data from 10,490 active healthcare professionals who worked during the pandemic. Participants were mostly female, aged 18 to 82 years; 13 different health professions and all states of Brazil were represented.
Results: The most frequent professions were psychology, dentistry, and nursing. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) score suggested an increased distress perception among health professionals. Females showed poorer mental health than males, but the absolute rise in Global Severity Index (GSI) score was larger in males than in females. Younger adults reported more symptoms of psychological distress than older adults. The most impacted age group was between 30-39 years. Nurse technicians presented the highest risk of distress.
Conclusion: Health professionals are essential to overcoming the pandemic; thus, their mental health status should be monitored, and features associated with increased distress should be identified. Our findings suggest distress risk should be stratified by occupation, age, and sex. Health professionals showed an increased distress perception. Women, individuals between the ages of 30 and 39, nursing personnel, and physicians were more likely to report distress compared with other health professionals.
... At the time of our study, which begin 3 months after Mexico's government implemented and enforced actions to ameliorate transmission of COVID-19, we observed higher presence of moderate-to-severe anxiety compared to a study that examined the psychological distress of COVID-19 in a sample of Mexican individuals one week after the national health emergency was declared in our country, where 22.6 % of respondents reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (Cortés-Á lvarez et al., 2020). Similarly, another study conducted during the first two months of the pandemic in our country reported that 12 % of participants met criteria for moderate-to-severe anxiety (Toledo-Fernández et al., 2021). This difference could possibly be due to the moment in which anxiety symptoms have been assessed, hinting that anxiety symptoms may increase according to the growing number of new cases and deaths and increased media coverage (Rubin & Wessely, 2020;Serafini et al., 2020). ...
Introduction
Perceived fear during a pandemic along with measures used to contain it can develop or intensify anxiety symptoms. In Mexico, information on the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population is scarce.
Objective
We examined the prevalence and factors associated with anxiety during the COVID-19 outbreak in a Mexican sample.
Method
We conducted a cross sectional study from June 15, 2020, to January 31, 2021, in a state in north-eastern Mexico, using an online survey. Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to determine the prevalence and severity of anxiety.
Results
The overall prevalence of anxiety was 43.5 %. Categories with the highest anxiety prevalence within their groups were women (46.2 %), age group of 18–30 years (47.3 %), higher level of education (43 %), students (48.8 %) and people who weren't currently with a couple (47.3 %). Additionally, we found that people who reported clinically significant anxiety were more likely to be women, ages 18–30 years, not currently partnered and currently living with a psychiatric disorder. Moreover, patients with clinically significant anxiety were more likely to be diagnosed with a mood, anxiety, trauma and stress, or an eating disorder. We also observed that being a woman and having at least one psychiatric disorder were independent factors related to a positive anxiety screening.
Discussion and conclusion
COVID-19 outbreak results in considerable increase in anxiety symptoms among the Mexican population. It is important to acknowledge the psychological impact of contingency situations to provide information that can allow establishing preventive and therapeutic strategies.
