Table 1 - uploaded by Hamidreza Nooryazdan
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Repartition by States (USA) of the 73 wild sunflower populations collected and used as female parents in this study
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The genetic base of sunflower elite lines is very narrow, due to many years of selection and breeding. To broaden the genetic
diversity of the cultivated sunflower, in 1995 73 wild sunflower populations were crossed with 3 cultivated lines (Testers),
and 219 hybrid offspring’s were evaluated in the field. GCA and SCA effects were computed suggestin...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... each accession (hereafter referred as ''#num- ber''), ten seeds were sown in 1997 in the nursery of the INRA station of Melgueil (Mauguio, France), in one row plots, 4 m long with 75 9 35 cm planting density and were manually crossed as females with the pollen of 3 cultivated lines (testers), to construct the first generation of intermixing (pseudo F1 hybrid) ( Table 1, Fig. 1). The 3 tester lines were 89HR 2 (T 1 -restorer), 90R 19 (T 2 -restorer), RT 1 B 11 (T 3 - maintainer), all developed by INRA. ...
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Citations
... The cross A-6 × A-9 (3.58) showed positive and significant SCA effects for the NLP, which is desirable (Rabia et al., 2015). The cross A-5 × A-9 (2.53) showed significantly positive SCA effects, which is desirable for HD (Nooryazdan et al., 2011). The maximum negative and significant SCA effects for PH were shown by A-6 × A-8 (-1.32), which is desirable as short-statured plants are required to overcome lodging (Rauf et al., 2012). ...
The present research was conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. Six lines and four testers were sown, and 24 crosses were generated. The seeds of these crosses were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and data for several morphological traits, including the number of days to flowering, plant height, number of whorls per head, head diameter, number of seeds per head, number of leaves per plant, achene yield per plant, 100-seed weight, oil content and protein content were recorded. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and line × tester analysis. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for traits mentioned above were evaluated. Lines with crosses showing high values of GCA and SCA were selected for further breeding programs. The recorded data were further subjected to analysis of variance, GCA and SCA to determine genetic variability and association among the characters. The results showed that the parental lines A-1, A-2, A-7 and A-8 showed good potential for most of the traits so that they could be taken to further breeding programs. The crosses A-5×A-10 and A-2×A-7 could be used for hybrid development.
... The resources provided by IOMAP have allowed the generation of many advanced mapping populations through conventional trait introgression and molecular breeding techniques (Gutierrez et al., 2010;Ram et al., 2010;Bocco et al., 2012). With the development of genome editing and CRISPR/Cas [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein] technology (Jinek et al., 2012(Jinek et al., , 2013Doudna and Charpentier, 2014), an innovative approach called neodomestication (Gutaker et al., 2022) arose as a promising alternative to conventional crop improvement (Nooryazdan et al., 2011;Zsögön et al., 2017;Li et al., 2018). The recent publication of a high-quality genome reference of O. alta and a road-map for the rapid domestication of this species represents the first description of a neodomesticated polyploid cereal (Yu et al., 2021). ...
The wild relatives of rice hold unexplored genetic diversity that can be employed to feed an estimated population of 10 billion by 2050. The Oryza Map Alignment Project (OMAP) initiated in 2003 has provided comprehensive genomic resources for comparative, evolutionary and functional characterization of the wild relatives of rice, facilitating the cloning of over 600 rice genes, including those for grain width (GW5) and submergence tolerance (SUB1A). Following the footsteps of the original project, the goal of “IOMAP: The Americas” is to investigate the present and historic genetic diversity of wild Oryza species endemic to the Americas through the sequencing of herbaria and in-situ specimens. The generation of a large diversity panel describing past and current genetic status and potential erosion of genetic variation in the populations will provide useful knowledge for the conservation of the biodiversity in these species. The wild relatives of rice in the Americas present a wide range of resistance traits useful for crop improvement and neodomestication approaches. In the race against time for a sustainable food future, the neodomestication of the first cereal species recently accomplished in O. alta opens the door to the potential neodomestication of the other wild Oryza species in Americas.
... For biological and anthropological reasons, almost all cereal, legume, and oilseed crops, including potatoes, were domesticated as annuals, although most of their progenitors were perennial. Rapid neo-domestication is now practiced on many crops that started with perennial sunflower [179], and high phenotypic gains in such programs, reaching 320%, are encouraging [180]. Toward this objective, many countries have launched programs to develop perennial cereals, oilseeds, and legumes [181]. ...
Despite world food production keeping pace with population growth because of the Green Revolution, the United Nations (UN) State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022 Report indicates that the number of people affected by hunger has increased to 828 million with 29.3% of the global population food insecure, and 22% of children under five years of age stunted. Many more have low-quality, unhealthy diets and micronutrient deficiencies leading to obesity, diabetes, and other diet-related non-communicable diseases. Additionally, current agro-food systems significantly impact the environment and the climate, including soil and water resources. Frequent natural disasters resulting from climate change, pandemics, and conflicts weaken food systems and exacerbate food insecurity worldwide. In this review, we outline the current knowledge in alternative agricultural practices for achieving sustainability as well as policies and practices that need to be implemented for an equitable distribution of resources and food for achieving several goals in the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. According to the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, animal husbandry, particularly ruminant meat and dairy, accounts for a significant proportion of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use but contributes only 18% of food energy. In contrast, plant-based foods, particularly perennial crops, have the lowest environmental impacts. Therefore, expanding the cultivation of perennials, particularly herbaceous perennials, to replace annual crops, fostering climate-smart food choices, implementing policies and subsidies favoring efficient production systems with low environmental impact, empowering women, and adopting modern biotechnological and digital solutions can help to transform global agro-food systems toward sustainability. There is growing evidence that food security and adequate nutrition for the global population can be achieved using climate-smart, sustainable agricultural practices, while reducing negative environmental impacts of agriculture, including GHG emissions.
... Although the scientific community is not completely unanimous on the potential impact of crop neodomestication, there are several successful studies rendering this concept of potential interest to agriculture [102]. Neodomestication was first utilized for a rapid sunflower breeding program that introduced domestication traits into wild relatives through crosses [103]. In this regard, the high phenotypic gains, approaching 320% in breeding sunflower as a perennial oil crop [104], are encouraging. ...
Despite the dramatic increase in food production thanks to the Green Revolution, hunger is increasing among human populations around the world, affecting one in nine people. The negative environmental and social consequences of industrial monocrop agriculture is becoming evident, particularly in the contexts of greenhouse gas emissions and the increased frequency and impact of zoonotic disease emergence, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Human activity has altered 70–75% of the ice-free Earth’s surface, squeezing nature and wildlife into a corner. To prevent, halt, and reverse the degradation of ecosystems worldwide, the UN has launched a Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. In this context, this review describes the origin and diversity of cultivated species, the impact of modern agriculture and other human activities on plant genetic resources, and approaches to conserve and use them to increase food diversity and production with specific examples of the use of crop wild relatives for breeding climate-resilient cultivars that require less chemical and mechanical input. The need to better coordinate in situ conservation efforts with increased funding has been highlighted. We emphasise the need to strengthen the genebank infrastructure, enabling the use of modern biotechnological tools to help in genotyping and characterising accessions plus advanced ex situ conservation methods, identifying gaps in collections, developing core collections, and linking data with international databases. Crop and variety diversification and minimising tillage and other field practices through the development and introduction of herbaceous perennial crops is proposed as an alternative regenerative food system for higher carbon sequestration, sustaining economic benefits for growers, whilst also providing social and environmental benefits.
... Slow pace of traditional domestication might have disqualified perennial herbs with low first-year seed production, prompting researchers to look for accelerated alternatives [36]. The term neodomestication was used for a rapid sunflower breeding program that introduced DTs into wild relatives through crosses [37,38]. The idea of rapid neodomestication was propagated as a promising strategy for future sustainable agriculture [39]. ...
We can increase the stability of our food systems against environmental variability and climate change by following the footsteps of our ancestors and domesticating edible wild plants. Reinforced by recent advances in comparative genomics and gene editing technologies, neodomestication opens possibilities for a rapid generation of new crops. By starting the candidate selection pipeline with climatic parameters, we orient neodomestication efforts to increase food security against climate change. We highlight the fact that the edible species conservation and characterization will be key in this process. Utilization of genetic resources, entrusted to conservationists and researchers by local communities, has to be conducted with highest ethical standards and benefit-sharing in mind.
... Likewise, an interesting approach can be increasing the number of capitate glandular trichomes, which are deficient in cultivated sunflower compared to wild, as they are considered to be effective defense components that act against some herbivorous insects such as sunflower moth and larvae [63]. Wild Helianthus species represent a diversified source of agronomically important traits that can contribute to future modeling of the sunflower plant in order to improve plant architecture and maximize productivity [64,65]. ...
Domestication and the first steps of sunflower breeding date back more than 4000 years. As an interesting crop to humans, sunflower underwent significant changes in the past to finally find its place as one of the most significant oil crops today. Substantial progress has already been made in understanding how sunflower was domesticated. Recent advances in molecular techniques with improved experimental designs contributed to further understanding of the genetic and molecular basis underlying the architectural and phenotypic changes that occurred during domestication and improvements in sunflower breeding. Understanding the domestication process and assessing the current situation concerning available genotypic variations are essential in order for breeders to face future challenges. A review of the tools that are used for exploring the genetic and genome changes associated with sunflower domestication is given in the paper, along with a discussion of their possible implications on classical sunflower breeding techniques and goals.
... In species with SSI for a given pair either incompatible or compatible, a few pollen grains-onto a stigma interactions are sufficient to enable the diagnostic whether their reaction is compatible or incompatible, such as in guayule (Gerstel 1950), hazelnut (Mehlenbacher and Thompson 1988) and senecio (Hiscock et al. 2002), but not for the olive tree (Bradley and Griggs 1963;Villemur et al. 1984;Vuletin-Selak et al. 2011, 2014. However, these observations of pollen cannot be done easily in the field for tens of plants, as it is required for breeders to study plenty of progenies as in a sunflower pre-breeding program (Nooryazdan et al. 2010). Breeders have used paper bags that have been checked to be pollen-proof for the species, and seed setting is measured with an electronic or mechanical seed counter. ...
... Levin (1996) has proposed that pseudo self-fertility should be the result of modifier loci unlinked to the self-incompatibility locus, that affect the activity of genes present at the S-locus. However, such modifier genes have not been characterized and mapped in Asteraceae (Nooryazdan et al. 2010). Moreover, within the scope of this hypothesis all olive tree varieties that carry R5 or R1 would carry different modifier genes, because they have different origins in the Mediterranean basin, and the heterozygosity in the olive tree is very high by 0.76 to 0.84 (Besnard et al. 2001;Breton et al. 2006). ...
Self-fertility is largely decreased and even prevented by various mechanisms because, broadly, it causes inbreeding depression, although some species have retained self-reproduction regimes. Species of plants that display the self-incompatible sporophytic type of self-incompatibility may rarely self-pollinate. It is only possible in the absence of foreign compatible pollen. In the olive tree with a sporophytic mechanism, we will show that three co-dominant S-alleles R1, R3 and R5 do not lead to the same level of self-fertility. All varieties that carry R1 are less self-fertile than those that carry R5, whatever the other S-alleles, while those carrying R3 are intermediate. S-allele pair-wise combinations that differ by two or three levels of dominance, and not the other combinations allow self-fertility, and moreover each S-allele R1, R3 and R5 decreases, maintains and enhances the self-fertility rate, respectively.
... line CMS356 had greater and stronger effect on their hybrids. Nasreen et al. (2011) observed the highest genetic distance and the existence of maximum genetic variability in CMS-HARI-1 x RHA-854 and CMS-64 x C-206R combinations for achene yield and its components, this study could be used in varietal improvement programs through heterosis breeding. Nooryazdan et al. (2011) reported additive genetic effects for days to 50 percent flowering, branching and plant height. The positive correlation between general combining ability and per se performance of genotypes was observed for all traits studied excluding achene yield and oil contents. Machikowa et al. (2011) reported general and specific combining abilit ...
Sunflower is an important oil seed crop, used for the manufacturing of vegetable ghee and margarine. It can also be used as bird seed and animal feed. When sunflower seed integrated into soil it can recover the soil fertility because, it is a good source of calcium, nitrogen and potassium.
... Nasreen et al. (2011) observed the highest genetic distance and the existence of maximum genetic variability in CMS-HARI-1 x RHA-854 and CMS-64 x C-206R combinations for achene yield and its components, this study could be used in varietal improvement programs through heterosis breeding. Nooryazdan et al. (2011) reported additive genetic effects for days to 50 percent flowering, branching and plant height. The positive correlation between general combining ability and per se performance of genotypes was observed for all traits studied excluding achene yield and oil contents. ...
Sunflower is an important oil seed crop, used for the manufacturing of vegetable ghee and margarine. It can also be used as bird seed and animal feed. When sunflower seed integrated into soil it can recover the soil fertility because, it is a good source of calcium, nitrogen and potassium.
... Dentre as culturas oleaginosas, o girassol se destaca dentre as mais importantes, consistindo a fonte oléica preferida para consumo doméstico e de cozinha do mundo (HU et al., 2010). Entretanto, a base genética do girassol estreitou-se muito, devido a vários anos de seleção e domesticação que reduziram sua diversidade, quando equiparado aos materiais selvagens (NOORYAZDAN et al., 2011). Além disso, os fenômenos de agrupamento evolutivo entre genótipos foram substancialmente menos intensos nessa cultura, conforme acreditam muitos pesquisadores (FUSARI et al., 2008). ...
PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS ENTRE CARACTERES QUANTITATIVOS NO
GIRASSOL COMO CRITÉRIO DE SELEÇÃO PARA PRODUTIVIDADE DE
AQUÊNIOS
