Table 2 - uploaded by Sin Kit Yeng
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The study of SMEs and E-commerce is acquiring much attention from academicians and practitioners as SMEs play a vital role in generating vast amount of nation's revenue at present day. Therefore, the contribution of SMEs to economic development in spite of their scarce resources needs intense and passionate study so as to examine the factors which...
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Context 1
... number items of each variables and the Cronbach Alpha were shown in Table 2. In this study, any item that was not significant will be deleted in order to obtain the highest reliability of the measurement. ...
Context 2
... Sekaran (2009), the nearer the figure of reliability coefficient to 1.00, the better the appliance generally whereas reliability over 0.80 is good and those less than 0.60 is measured to be poor. Thus, all variables were accepted according to Table 2, which ranging from 0.843 to 0.972, in which relative advantage and the extent of E-commerce adoption obtain the same reliability coefficient. ...
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Citations
... In the context of SMEs, competitive pressure plays a pivotal role in influencing decisions related to technology adoption. SMEs often face intense competition from larger firms and must innovate continuously to differentiate themselves and capture market share 93,119 . The following hypothesis is proposed: ...
This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adoption on the sustainable performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Employing a hybrid quantitative approach, this research combines Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to examine the influence of various organizational, technological, and external factors on AI adoption. Key factors considered include top management support, employee capability, customer pressure, complexity, vendor support, and relative advantage. Data collected from 305 SMEs across multiple sectors were analyzed. The results reveal that all the proposed factors significantly and positively affect AI adoption, with top management support, employee capability, and relative advantage being the most influential predictors. Additionally, the adoption of AI technologies substantially enhances the economic, social, and environmental performance of SMEs, reflecting improvements in operational efficiency, cost reduction, and social value creation. The ANN results confirm the robustness of the SEM findings, highlighting the critical role of AI in driving sustainability outcomes. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the positive mediation effects of AI adoption on organizational performance, indicating that AI adoption serves as a key enabler in achieving both short-term operational gains and long-term sustainability objectives. This research contributes to the understanding of AI’s transformative role in enhancing the sustainable performance of SMEs in developing economies, offering strategic insights for both policymakers and business leaders.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-86464-3.
... (11) Empirical findings revealed that relative advantage takes the following forms; increasing profitability, enhanced productivity, enhanced competitiveness, enhanced customer satisfaction, and services and as a whole relative advantage is a top determinant of adopting technology. (12,13,14) More specifically, (15) examined the contributing effects of competitive pressure and relative advantage on the implementation of e-commerce and found the former to be a key distinguishing factor of SMEs adopters and non-adopters. (16) In contrast in some other studies, relative advantage was not found to have a significant effect on the adoption of e-commerce among SMEs, due to the insufficient awareness of owners/managers of the advantages that can be reaped from such adoption. ...
Introduction: E-commerce has several benefits, among which are saving cots, promotion of products, timely obtaining of information, consistency of information and superior customer service .Methods: The study’s proposed model is based on TOE Framework towards the examination of the influencing variables of e-commerce adoption in the SMEs of Jordan and literature dedicated to information communication technology, information system and electronic data interchange. Accordingly, the study examined five hypotheses formulated on factors influencing the adoption and use of e-commerce, whereby data was obtained from 224 Jordanian SMEsResults: Based on the findings, complexity, manager’s characteristics and consumer pressure were significant predictors of e-commerce adoption, while relative advantage and organizational readiness were insignificant predictors . The model succeeded in explaining 85% of the variance in intention towards e-commerce adoption among SMEs in Jordan.Conclusions: The study provides insight into the perceptions of managers concerning the adoption of E-commerce in SMEs in the Jordanian context and it has implications for Jordanian enterprises who export products at a global scale.
... Technology adoption is one of the most widely discussed topics in the world of organization, especially with the digitalization and post-covid effect. Many of the previous studies appeared to focus on internal and external factors that impact technology adoption in an organization such as cloud computing adoption (CF Ming, 2018), Facebook adoption (Abdullahi et al., 2021), e-commerce adoption (Sin et al., 2016), ERP adoption (Mayeh et al., 2016), CRM adoption (Chavoshi et al., 2012) and IT/ICT/IS adoption (Asih et al., 2017;Faisol, 2022;Hoti, 2015). These studies have ignored the impacts of technology adoption on business performance which is more critical in the current dynamic and competitive environments. ...
... Any organization that operates in a business environment will somehow be affected by environmental factors. Most of the studies show that competitive environment does affect technology adoption (Abbasi et al., 2022;Matikiti et al., 2018;Sin et al., 2016) and firm performance (Yasa et al., 2020;Hussain et al., 2020). Limited studies emphasize competitive environment as an external trigger (moderator) that influences absorptive capacity (Zahra & George, 2002), which in turn leads to competitive advantage. ...
... not only provides convenience for consumers but also facilitates producers in marketing their products while saving time and costs (Deng & Wang, 2016;Sin et al., 2016;Wang et al., 2016). With advanced technology-based trade, e-commerce has changed the way conventional trading is conducted, where interactions between consumers and companies that were previously conducted face-to-face are now shifting to indirect interactions (Chakraborty et al., 2022;Dai et al., 2024;Santoso & Erdaka, 2015;Vakulenko et al., 2019;Xu & Lockwood, 2021). ...
The rapid growth of electronic transactions has introduced new challenges, particularly concerning tortious conduct and the legal framework governing these interactions. In an increasingly digital era, electronic transactions have become a primary medium for commerce and business interactions, yet issues such as fraud and personal data violations have become more prevalent. Article 1365 provides a legal basis for individuals or entities suffering damages to file claims for compensation. This study examines the urgency of implementing Article 1365 of the Civil Code in addressing tortious conduct within electronic transactions in Indonesia. The objective is to analyze the applicability, limitations, and potential reforms needed to adapt Article 1365 to the digital context. A normative legal research method was employed, utilizing a statute and conceptual approach. Data were collected by analyzing legislative texts, legal literature, and case law. Data analysis involved qualitative content analysis to identify gaps and propose solutions. The findings reveal that Article 1365 provides a strong foundation for addressing tortious conduct, but its application in electronic transactions remains ambiguous, particularly regarding evidence collection and the definition of harm. This research introduces a novel perspective by emphasizing the necessity for specific regulations and institutional reforms to enhance legal certainty and address the unique challenges posed by electronic transactions. These recommendations aim to protect consumer rights, ensure fair business practices, and foster trust in Indonesia’s digital economy.
... Isa and Alenezi's (2022) research also supports this by showing that competitive pressure is positively related to e-commerce adoption by Kuwaiti SMEs. Research by Sin et al. (2016), Garg and Choeu (2015) proves that there is a significant relationship between competitive pressure and E-commerce adoption. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between organizational variables and e-commerce adoption. ...
Changes in transaction patterns from offline to online require people to be able to adapt and utilize technology to the fullest. The results of the 2020-2023 e-commerce survey show that MSMEs using e-commerce in Indonesia are increasing every year. This growth explains the positive trend of using digital technology in business operations. Therefore, this research needs to be conducted to help other business actors understand the importance of using e-commerce as a strategy to improve marketing performance and increase revenue. This study uses a quantitative method involving 154 MSMEs in Surabaya. researchers distributed questionnaires. The questionnaire consisted of a five-point Likert scale created using Google Form. After completing the data collection, the next stage was to analyze the data using SmartPLS. The results of the data analysis in this study indicate that in the context of technological, organizational and environmental have a significant influence on e-commerce adoption and e-commerce adoption has a significant influence on MSME performance.Meanwhile, entrepreneurial orientation does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between e-commerce adoption and MSME performance.
... Factors such as compatibility, relative advantage, trialability, observability, and complexity are the baseline for the DOI theory that enhances society's desire to adopt new technology, [28], [29]. We observe from previous studies that relative advantage has the greatest influence on customers in the process of adopting technology to cause community change, [29], [30]. Relative advantage spells out the convenience associated with adopting technology to a business community, [30]. ...
... We observe from previous studies that relative advantage has the greatest influence on customers in the process of adopting technology to cause community change, [29], [30]. Relative advantage spells out the convenience associated with adopting technology to a business community, [30]. Similarly, in this study, we argue that compatibility, observability, trialability, and complexity are grounded on social influence. ...
The insurance industry is constantly evolving with the help of technological advancements across the globe. The purpose of this study was to explore the critical factors that influence the adoption of digital insurance among microentrepreneurs in Uganda. The study involved 209 participants. The study used a modified DOI theory as a framework and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (IBM SPSS Amos 23.0). The results of the study indicated that knowledge of digital insurance, relative advantage, and perceived trust have a significant positive impact on digital insurance adoption among micro-entrepreneurs in Uganda. Conversely, the study found that perceived social influence had no significant impact. This study adds valuable insights to the literature on digital insurance and microentrepreneurs and aids policymakers and managers in understanding the influential factors for implementation.
... Furthermore, Soewarno and Tjahjadi [71] identified a positive correlation between performance and competitor pressure. According to the same study of 167 CEOs or executives of Malaysian SMEs, Sin et al. [72] found there exists a direct relationship between the implementation of e-commerce and the level of competition. This statement remains valid within the realm of social media as well. ...
This research focuses on integrating digital platforms in small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs), emphasizing the importance of efficient stakeholder communication for their success. Additional scholarly investigation is required to examine the correlation between SME success and social media adoption, with a focus on emerging countries. This study examines how technology-organizational-environmental (TOE) factors affect digital social communication and SME success in developing nations. Through employing the TOE framework, this study attempts to explain the determinants of social media adoption and its subsequent effect on the performance of SMEs. Data will be gathered through the utilization of a well-organized questionnaire disseminated online to a randomly selected group of participants from SMEs in Indonesia. Partial-least squares-structural-equation-modeling will be employed to conduct the route analysis, with the involvement of SME owners, executives, and managers. Furthermore, the study will evaluate how social media influences the connection between TOE qualities and SME performance. The findings will demonstrate a clear and favorable correlation
between the TOE components, and the interaction between SME performance and
social media adoption. This research will enhance the existing body of knowledge in
this domain by offering valuable insights for professionals and scholars interested in
the use of social media in SMEs.
... The second segment utilized a Likert scale (five-point) to evaluate variable relationships based on hypotheses. In this study, four scale items focused on relative advantage and compatibility were based on Sin et al. [66] and Farrell & Salomer [67] methods, respectively. Meanwhile, another four scale items denoted as physical education was adopted from Farrell & Saloner [67] approach. ...
The study aims to investigate the precise processes by which the advancement of physical education and technological progress leads to ecological conservation efforts within China’s distinctive socio-cultural and economic framework. Acknowledging the pivotal role that economic advancement plays in a nation’s environmental sustainability, this research utilizes cross-sectional quantitative data gathered using a five-point Likert scale survey. The sample size included 503 undergraduate students from Zhengzhou, China, and structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data. The study investigates how technology progress influences the relationship between compatibility, environmental sustainability, and the relative benefits of physical education. It fills the gap in the literature by illuminating how technical innovation and advanced physical education development contribute to China’s pursuit of a sustainable environment. The findings emphasize the critical significance of higher physical education in fostering environmental sustainability. Furthermore, the research indicates that students participating in more rigorous physical education programs tend to possess a more well-rounded and mature mindset. This mindset is essential for healthy and long-lasting mental development, motivating individuals to critically consider environmental sustainability. The study provides valuable theoretical and practical insights that can be applied to enhance environmental sustainability in the country.
... No obstante, en un estudio de las PYMES involucrado en el sector de seguridad privada en Kenia se demostraron que los costos para adquirir el hardware, software y el entrenamiento de los trabajadores fueron las causas principales para no utilizar los sistemas de información tecnológica y bajos niveles del desempeño (Maghanga, 2017). Utilizando la información obtenida de un estudio descriptivo sobre uso de comercio electrónica, con 167 encuestados, fue observado que el 80 % de las PYMES no tenían uso de comercio electrónico y páginas de web de sus empresas (Sin et al., 2016., Cano y Rojas, 2017. Estos resultados mostraron el grado de uso de sistemas de información tecnológica entre las PYMES en Malasia. ...
Las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) de los servicios veterinarios, entidades del sector de la salud animal, son importantes económicamente en estados como Nuevo León, México. Las deficiencias en la implementación de la planeación estratégica de actividades, la informalidad de la empresa, estructura organizacional, acceso a recursos financieros y la adopción y el uso de sistemas de información tecnológica han causado una reducción en la competitividad empresarial. Los Médicos Veterinarios Zootecnistas (MVZs) están considerados, principalmente, como profesionales de la salud animal, se ha notado que existen más oportunidades económicas por los tipos de trabajo que ellos están involucrados. Algunos de estos profesionales han llegado a formar PYMES como clínicas u hospitales veterinarios qué generan empleos e ingresos a varias familias. Como son entidades importantes en la sociedad, sería significativo analizar las estrategias que determinan su competitividad.
... Given the expected increasing number of SME establishments coupled with their huge contribution towards domestic-led growth, i.e., 41% of the total country's GDP (SMEs Masterplan 2012, MSMEs are expected to strengthen not only the infrastructure but also their info structure to support the online sales surged post Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, MSMEs' role in accelerated economic expansion and development including in information and technology is inarguable for both existing and new industries (Sin et al., 2016). Using the self-determination theory, Koe (2020) document that competence, relatedness, and autonomy are positively and significantly associated with entrepreneurs' motivation to adopt e-commerce. ...
Recognizing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) roles as key growth drivers, the government has been committed to providing the necessary support to MSMEs, including in the area of e-commerce. With the number of online shoppers increasing by 47% year over year and 14.43 million people buying consumer goods online at the beginning of 2022, the online potential for MSMEs is enormous. Amidst this huge potential, MSME’s adoption of e-commerce remains below expectations. Drawing on a refined technology adoption framework, this study employs focus group interviews with MSME owners and managers to explore why MSMEs exhibit reluctance to adopt e-commerce. Using data gathered in June 2022 through focus group discussions with the owner-manager of seven MSMEs in Klang Valley, Malaysia, this study provides some insights into the key factors that hinder MSMEs from embarking on e-commerce. Findings reveal that a lack of dedicated personnel with technical proficiency, unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by third-party e-commerce providers, system inefficiencies, limited financial resources, incompatible products or services, a lack of entrepreneurial commitment, and information-seeking challenges regressed MSMEs away from e-commerce platforms.
