Figure - available from: Frontiers in Physiology
This content is subject to copyright.
Relative metallothionein (MT) mRNA abundance in gills (A) and liver (B) of Cyprinus carpio exposed to Cu, Zn, and Cd mixtures for 27 days. Mean ± SD, N = 4. Asterisks (∗) indicate differences between control and metal treatment at each sampling day, the hash (#) indicate differences between the same groups (both control and metal treated) at different temperatures, and lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the same group among sampling days at each temperature (p < 0.05).
Source publication
The aquatic environment is the final sink of various pollutants including metals, which can pose a threat for aquatic organisms. Waterborne metal mixture toxicity might be influenced by environmental parameters such as the temperature. In the present study, common carp were exposed for 27 days to a ternary metal mixture of Cu, Zn, and Cd at two dif...
Similar publications
Heavy metals are released to aquatic ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic recourses and accumulate to the body of organisms. This study aimed to assess the accumulation of As and Cd in the gill, liver, and muscle of the toothed carp Aphanius arakensis in salt water exposed to three concentrations of Cd and As (5, 10 and 20 mg L-1) for 18 days....
Citations
... Abiotic stress can increase pollutant toxicity, leading to climate-induced toxicant sensitivity (CITS), while pollutants can hinder organisms' acclimation to climate change, causing toxicant-induced climate sensitivity (TICS) (Moe et al., 2013). Temperature significantly impacts ectotherms' physiology and modulates pollutant uptake and toxicity, as shown for metals and metal-containing nanoparticles (Castaldo et al., 2021;Jager et al., 2003;Sokolova and Lannig, 2008;Zhang et al., 2022). However, the temperature effects on pharmaceutical toxicity in aquatic organisms remain unclear due to limited data, particularly for pollutants like LLDs (Bethke et al., 2023). ...
... However, we did note that Miramichi salmon at 19-24 • C maintained a higher Fulton's condition in the few months after parr-smolt transformation compared to those at 16-21 • C. Fulton's condition factor has been a popular indicator of proximate body composition and overall fish condition (Baxter, 1998;Jin et al., 2015;Naeem et al., 2016). Typically, it decreases in fish in unfavourable environments (Árnason et al., 2009;Mazumder et al., 2016;Hvas et al., 2017;Castaldo et al., 2021). A general decline in Fulton's condition during the post-smolt period may be attributed to the parr-smolt transformation as it has also been observed previously after smoltification (Shrimpton et al., 2000;Stefansson et al., 2008;Codabaccus et al., 2011). ...
Temperature in many natural aquatic environments follows a diel cycle, but to date, we know little on how diel thermal cycles affect fish biology. The current study investigates the growth, development and physiological performance of wild Atlantic salmon collected from the Miramichi and Restigouche rivers (NB, Canada). Fish were collected as parr and acclimated to either 16–21 or 19–24°C diel thermal cycles throughout the parr and smolt life stages. Both Miramichi and Restigouche Atlantic salmon parr grew at similar rates during 16–21 or 19–24°C acclimations. However, as smolts, the growth rates of the Miramichi (−8% body mass day−1) and Restigouche (−38% body mass day−1) fish were significantly slower at 19–24°C, and were in fact negative, indicating loss of mass in this group. Acclimation to 19–24°C also increased Atlantic salmon CTmax. Our findings suggest that both life stage and river origin impact Atlantic salmon growth and performance in the thermal range used herein. These findings provide evidence for local adaptation of Atlantic salmon, increased vulnerability to warming temperatures, and highlight the differential impacts of these ecologically relevant diel thermal cycles on the juvenile life stages in this species.
... Fig. 1). Similarly, previous fish studies have shown that Cd is most concentrated in the gills, livers and kidneys, with much lower levels found in muscles (Abdel-Tawwab and Wafeek, 2014;Castaldo et al., 2021;Vergauwen et al., 2013). Cadmium accumulation was first detected in the gills (day 2 of exposure), while Cd accumulation in the livers and kidneys was only detected after 5 or 28 days of Cd exposure. ...
... Cadmium accumulation was first detected in the gills (day 2 of exposure), while Cd accumulation in the livers and kidneys was only detected after 5 or 28 days of Cd exposure. This temporal trend was expected, as gills are the main uptake route for waterborne Cd, while liver and kidneys are longer-term Cd accumulation sites (McGeer et al., 2012;Abdel-Tawwab and Wafeek, 2014;Castaldo et al., 2021). The guts contained relatively high levels of Cd by the end of the 28-day experiment. ...
... More precisely, after 28 days of exposure to the highest measured Cd concentration, the 14 • C fish accumulated on average 1.1x (gills), 17x (liver), 18x (kidneys), 11x (gut), and 7.3x (muscle) more Cd than the 4 • C fish. In the various studies that have investigated temperature effects on metal bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, a colder temperature most often resulted in a decreased metal bioaccumulation, as found here (Abdel-Tawwab and Wafeek, 2014;Castaldo et al., 2021;Douben, 1989;Pilehvar et al., 2019;Pillet et al., 2021;Sokolova and Lannig, 2008). This observation is typically attributed to decreased metal uptake rates, associated with slower biochemical reaction at epithelial membrane transporters, following the Arrhenius law. ...
Temperate freshwater fishes can experience large seasonal temperature fluctuations that could affect their exposure and sensitivity to trace metals. Yet, temperature effects are overlooked in ecotoxicology studies, especially for cold temperatures typical of the winter. In the present study, the effects of long-term cold acclimation on Cd bioaccumulation and toxicity were investigated in a freshwater fish, the banded killifish (Fundulus diaphanus). Killifish were acclimated to 14 °C or gradually cooled (2 °C/week) to 4 °C and cold acclimated for 6 weeks. Then, both acclimation groups were exposed to environmentally realistic waterborne Cd concentrations (0, 0.5 or 5 µg Cd L-1) for a further 28 d at their respective acclimation temperatures. Tissue metal bioaccumulation, fish survival, condition, and markers of oxidative and ionoregulation stress, were measured after 0, 2, 5 and 28 days of Cd exposure. Cadmium tissue accumulation increased over the exposure duration and was typically lower in cold-acclimated fish. In agreement with this lower bioaccumulation, fewer Cd toxic effects were observed in cold-acclimated fish. There was little evidence of a difference in intrinsic Cd sensitivity between 4 °C- and 14 °C-acclimated fish, as Cd toxicity appeared to closely follow Cd bioaccumulation. Our study suggests that current environmental water quality guidelines would be protective in the winter for the abundant and ecologically-important banded killifish.
... The difference in path coefficients between the subbasins was significant (Table 7), and in the complete model, the moderation effect was weak, with a non-significant f 2 value (Table 5). Taking into account the significantly lower temperature in BS than in WGB ( Figure S3) and significantly higher levels of trace metals ( Figure S2), one can speculate that within the optimal thermal range, the ameliorating effect of temperature might be related to more efficient detoxification by the animals as shown for fish exposed to heavy metals at different temperatures (Castaldo et al., 2021). In WGB, Monoporeia affinis, a glacial relict, is living close to its temperature limit, and this is why the negative effect of pollution is more likely to be amplified at increasing temperatures. ...
... Somero (2011) stated that climate adaptation is regulated at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels and has implications to the whole-organism functional capacity, such as energy budget, metabolism, membrane, and protein structures, and all these structures and processes also impact the detoxification and toxicodynamic of xenobiotics. Organisms inhabiting warm conditions and exposed to higher temperatures have increased metabolic rates, which enhance toxic effects of xenobiotics and contribute to bioaccumulation (Castaldo et al., 2021). Furthermore, increased metabolic rates require greater energy demands, and consequently, organisms tend to increase ventilation and feeding, leading to a higher intake of water, food, and contaminants (Sokolova and Lannig, 2008;Castaldo et al., 2021). ...
... Organisms inhabiting warm conditions and exposed to higher temperatures have increased metabolic rates, which enhance toxic effects of xenobiotics and contribute to bioaccumulation (Castaldo et al., 2021). Furthermore, increased metabolic rates require greater energy demands, and consequently, organisms tend to increase ventilation and feeding, leading to a higher intake of water, food, and contaminants (Sokolova and Lannig, 2008;Castaldo et al., 2021). In addition, some organisms may be capable of coping with DCOIT and depurate, thereby avoiding its toxic effects. ...
DCOIT is an effective antifouling biocide, which presence in the environment and toxicity towards non-target species has been generating great concern. This study evaluated the waterborne toxicity of DCOIT on marine invertebrates (i.e., survival of brine shrimp Artemia sp., larval development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter and the mussel Perna perna), as well as DCOIT-spiked-sediment toxicity on the fecundity rate of the copepod Nitrocra sp. And the mortality of the amphipod Tiburonella viscana. The data outcomes were used to calculate environmental hazards and risks, which were compared to their corresponding values obtained from temperate regions. Waterborne toxicity can be summarized as follows: Artemia sp. (LC50-48h = 163 (135-169) μg/L), E. lucunter (EC50-36h = 33.9 (17-65) μg/L), and P. perna (EC50-48h = 8.3 (7-9) μg/L). For whole-sediment toxicity, metrics were calculated for T. viscana (LC50-10d = 0.5 (0.1-2.6) μg/g) and Nitrocra sp, (EC50-10d = 200 (10-480) μg/kg). The DCOIT hazard was assessed for both tropical and non-tropical pelagic organisms. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for tropical species (0.19 μg/L) was 1.7-fold lower than that for non-tropical organisms (0.34 μg/L). In whole-sediment exposures, DCOIT presented a PNEC of 0.97 μg/kg, and the risk quotients (RQs) were >1 for areas with constant input of DCOIT such as ports ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones of Korea, Japan, Spain, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brazil. The presented data are important for supporting the establishment of policies and regulations for booster biocides worldwide.
... Somero (2011) stated that climate adaptation is regulated at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels and has implications to the whole-organism functional capacity, such as energy budget, metabolism, membrane, and protein structures, and all these structures and processes also impact the detoxification and toxicodynamic of xenobiotics. Organisms inhabiting warm conditions and exposed to higher temperatures have increased metabolic rates, which enhance toxic effects of xenobiotics and contribute to bioaccumulation (Castaldo et al., 2021). Furthermore, increased metabolic rates require greater energy demands, and consequently, organisms tend to increase ventila- Campos et al. ...
... Furthermore, increased metabolic rates require greater energy demands, and consequently, organisms tend to increase ventila- Campos et al. Environmental Pollution xxx (xxxx) 121797 (1993) tion and feeding, leading to a higher intake of water, food, and contaminants (Sokolova and Lannig, 2008;Castaldo et al., 2021). In addition, some organisms may be capable of coping with DCOIT and depurate, thereby avoiding its toxic effects. ...
... Ces différences sont à l'origine de la capacité de bioaccumulation dans le milieu marin. Il est influencé par des facteurs de l'environnement tels que la qualité du biotope étudié (Castaldo et al., 2021), la durée d'émersion (Puri et al., 2015), et les facteurs liés à l'espèce comme : le métabolisme, l'âge , le sexe et le cycle de reproduction (Amiard et al., 1986;Najimi, 1997;Kaaya, 2002). La bioaccumulation est maximale avant la reproduction et minimale après la ponte (Cheggour, 1989;Id halla, 1997 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ...
This work aims to study the impact of the installation of seawater desalination plant in Agadir bay by drawing up the initial health state of two marine ecosystems Tifnit-Douira and Cap Ghir receiving desalination plants. Thus, a multidisciplinary study was conducted in the sentinel species Mytilus galloprovincialis, combining two complementary approaches: i) the chemical approach (physico-chemistry and chemical detection of pollutants); and (ii) the biological approach (ecotoxicological study of multi-biomarker response and reproductive biology). An inventory of macro-phyto/zoo-benthic species associated with mussel beds was also carried out to assess the biodiversity of these ecosystems.
Our results related to the physicochemical approach in the two studied stations reveal values that oscillate between: 16.24 and 21.61 °C for seawater temperature; 7.39 and 8.73 for pH; 43.15 and 65.16 mS/cm for conductivity and between 27.40 and 43.75 PSU for salinity. TDS and dissolved oxygen values vary between 21.14 to 31.88 and 4.33 to 8.14 mg/l respectively. These parameters follow monthly fluctuations in the two studied ecosystems due to the marine environmental responses to changes in daily and weekly climatic conditions and also to seasonal hydrodynamic factors (currents, swell and upwellings).
The study of metal pollution in both ecosystems has shown that their concentrations undergo monthly, seasonal and annual fluctuations depending on the dosed element. Cd, Pb and Cu recorded relatively high levels (2.28, 2.50 and 6.86 mg/kg respectively) with comparable annual profiles between the two stations. While Arsenic (As) oscillates between 7.97 and 12.60 mg/kg without reaching the toxicity threshold of 14 mg/kg. The measured values are significantly high, especially at Cap Ghir with a stability of the values throughout the study period. This attests to the presence of Arsenic in a natural way in the Atlantic marine ecosystem. The results obtained for the major metal elements studied showed maximums of 6.33, 145.51 and 285.74 mg/kg respectively for Mn, Fe and Zn. The revealed annual patterns appear similar between the two ecosystems with moderate seasonal fluctuations.
Biomarker response measures, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), Catalase (CAT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Mytilus galloprovincialis, have been shown to be present in measurable and inducible amounts. In addition, response levels fluctuate respectively between 1.94 to 8.85; 3.74 to 36.91; 3.52 to 17.94 and 1.13 to 5.91 nmol/mg protein. This is explained by the response of these molluscs, to variations in environmental conditions as well as to the presence of certain contaminants including heavy metals mainly Cadmium, and consequently to the physiological disturbances of the species during its development cycle.
The study of reproductive cycle in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis, testifies to a continuous sexual activity throughout the year with periods of collective egg-laying coinciding with spring and summer. The number of these collective gametic release varies between two to three periods depending on the environmental conditions, especially variations in seawater temperature. This results in a lack of collective sexual rest period in these mussel populations. The sex ratio study shows a balance between males and females of 1.14:1 in Tifnit-Douira, and it varies between 1.12:1 to 1.18:1 in Cap Ghir. The histological study allowed the detection of a single case of hermaphroditism, revealed for the first time in mussel populations in the Agadir bay.
The values of the condition index are high (>60) in Mytilus galloprovincialis of the studied stations during all seasons even during laying periods. The favorable conditions of the environment allow a continuous allometric and weight growth throughout the year. Regarding biological diversity, both stations have a very high diversity of Macro-Phyto/Zoo-benthic species. Indeed, the animal kingdom is rather dominated by Crustaceans and Gastropods, while Chromophytes and Rhodophytes are the most dominant in the plant kingdom.
All these results prove the well-balanced state of the environment in the two studied ecosystems Tifnit-Douira and Cap Ghir; and that permanent monitoring should be realized to protect their health state from the impact of desalination plants.
Keywords: Mytilus galloprovincialis, Agadir Bay, Cap Ghir, Tifnit-Douira, Desalination, Biomarkers, Marine ecosystem, Heavy metals, Reproductive cycle, Biodiversity, Biomonitoring.
The accumulation and tissue distribution of toxicants in aquatic biota can be determinative of their toxic impact to both the exposed organism, and their potential human consumers. In the current study the accumulation of the trace metal thallium (Tl) in gill, muscle, plasma and otoliths of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following acute (96-h) and sub-chronic (28-d) waterborne exposures was investigated. Owing to known interactions between Tl and potassium ions (K+ ), plasma and muscle K+ concentrations were also determined. Branchial Tl accumulated in a dose-dependent manner in both acute and sub-chronic exposures, while plasma Tl was rapidly mobilized to tissues, and accumulated only at exposure concentrations of 141 µg L-1 or higher. For muscle tissue, Tl concentrations at 28-d were markedly lower than those at 96-h at comparable exposure concentrations (0.9 µg L-1 ), indicating the presence of mechanisms that act to reduce Tl accumulation over time. However, after acute exposure muscle Tl reached concentrations that, if consumed, would exceed acceptable daily intake values for this element, indicating some risk to human health from the consumption of fish from waters heavily contaminated with Tl. Otoliths showed Tl concentrations that reflected exposure concentration and length, confirming their capacity to provide insight into fish exposure history. No changes in tissue K+ concentrations were observed, suggesting that the accumulation of Tl in rainbow trout plasma and muscle does not occur at the expense of K+ homeostasis. In addition to highlighting the capacity of rainbow trout to accumulate Tl to levels that exceed recommended dietary doses to human consumers, this study provides the first data of tissue-specific Tl accumulation in an important regulatory species.
Fish in wild are often faced with various types of xenobiotics, that may display synergistic or antagonistic effects. In this study, we aim to examine how exposure to agrochemical compound (Bacilar) and cadmium (CdCl 2) alone and in combination affect biochemical parameters (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alanine aminotransferase; creatine phosphokinase (CKP), cholinesterase) and oxidative stress (total antioxidant capacity, catalase, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentrations) of freshwater fish Alburnus mossulensis. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of Bacilar (0.3, and 0.6 ml L-1) and to 1 mg L-1 cadmium chloride alone and in combination for 21 days. Results showed that fish accumulate Cd in their body, with the highest rate in individuals exposed to Cd in combination with Bacilar. Both xenobiotics in fish liver induced the activation of liver enzymes suggesting hepatotoxic effects, with the greatest impact in co-exposed groups. A significant decrease in the hepatocyte's total antioxidant capacity indicates the collapse of the antioxidant defense in fish exposed to Cd and Bacilar. A decrease in the antioxidant biomarkers was followed by increased oxidative damage of lipids and proteins. We also reported altered function in the muscle of individuals exposed to Bacilar and Cd seen as decreased activities in CKP and butyrylcholinesterase. Overall, our results point to the toxicity of both Bacilar and Cd on fish but also to their synergistic effects on Cd bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and liver and muscle damage. This study highlights the need for evaluating the use of agrochemicals and their possible additive effects on non-target organisms.
