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The Europe 2020 Strategy was launched by the European Commission in 2010 to promote smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth across EU member states. As the strategy draws to a close in 2020 and is superseded by the Sustainable Development Goals and the Green Deal, this work aims to assess the progress made over the last decade, and to carry forwar...
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Sustainable campuses have a substantial role to play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Worldwide, there are many rating schemes to assess universities’ sustainability; UI GreenMetric is one of the most common global rating schemes aimed at encouraging green campuses and university sustainability worldwide. However, none of the...
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... The Europe 2020 Strategy was completed in 2020. Currently, Sustainable Development Goals of 2030 Agenda and the Green Deal superseded it (Becker et al., 2020). Within this Agenda, the seventh goal "Affordable and clean energy" and the 13th goal "Climate action" follow the original goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy (United Nations, 2015). ...
... An important area of research is also the question of the existence of relations among the targets and their interdependence (Kang and Lee, 2016;Radulescu et al., 2018;Nolan and Whelan, 2021;Schislyaeva and Saychenko, 2022). In addition, several authors dealt with the issue whether the targets were set correctly, how they can be evaluated and whether they are at all feasible in the given form (Ruser and Anheier, 2014;Becker et al., 2020;Fedajev et al., 2020;Roth and Thum, 2020). ...
... For the mentioned four indicators, target values were set for individual EU member countries, which present their national targets (European Commission, 2022a; European Commission, 2022b; Cucchiella et al., 2020;Becker, 2020). In order to evaluate whether and to what extent individual member countries managed to fulfill the national target values, we will use three methods -the ranking method, the scoring method and the distance method from the fictitious object. ...
European member states have taken several systematic steps on the way to become low-carbon and resource-efficient economies since the adoption of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The long-term targets in the field of climate and energy challenges is currently being continued and developed through the sustainable development goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. In order to assess the current situation and progress in the given area, it is necessary to consistently analyze the results that the member states have achieved during the validity of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze and assess the degree of fulfilment of Europe 2020 targets by EU member states in the field of the environment with a subsequent link to the targets of the 2030 Agenda. We compared the values of the selected indicators (Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption (RER), Final energy consumption (FEC), Primary energy consumption (PEC) and Net greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in the EU Member States with the national goals of the selected countries by application of multivariate comparison methods, namely, the ranking method, the scoring method and the distance method. Among the countries that achieved the best results in the evaluation were Greece, Romania and Estonia. On the other hand, in the sample of countries, there were four, namely, France, Ireland, Austria and Belgium, which did not meet the targets and based on the prediction, they will not achieve them even by 2025.
... 3) і на трьох інтегрованих ключових цілях-напрямках, що дають синергетичний ефект в частині зменшення втрат життя та здоров'я працівників в ЄС: передбачення та управління змінами в новому світі праці, викликаними переходу на зелені та цифрові технології та демографічною ситуацією -старіння населення ЄС; покращення профілактики нещасних випадків і захворювань на виробництві;·підвищення готовності до будь-яких потенційних майбутніх криз здоров'я. Це дозволяє сформувати необхідні стратегічні цілі для розвитку організацій: побудови відповідних систем управління, які забезпечать вирішення головної задачі будь якої організації є економічна складова заробити кошти для прибутку та зменшити фінансові витрати через керування ризиками безпеки праці, здоров'я працівників і екологічної безпеки [13,14,15]. Зроблений висновок підтверджується сформованими цілями напрямками, щодо «передбачення та управління змінами» у Рамкової Стратегії СУ ОЗіБП. ...
Мета. Дослідження вимог Рамкової стратегії ЄС із безпеки та здоров'я на роботі на 2021-2027 рр. для визначення основних цілей системи управління охорони здоров’я та безпеки праці в організації щодо покращення здоров'я та безпеки працівників. Методика. Для дослідження був використаний формалізований контент-аналіз, який представляє собою якісно-кількісний метод вивчення документів, який полягає в обробці тексту з подальшою інтерпретацією результатів. Результати. Встановлено, що відповідно до Рамкової стратегії ЄС із безпеки та здоров'я на роботі на період 2021-2027 рр. для підвищення результативності системи управління охороною здоров’я та безпекою праці в організаціях необхідно передбачити управління змінами, заходи для профілактики нещасних випадків та захворювань на виробництві та готовності до майбутніх потенційних викликів. Визначено, що системи управління охороною здоров’я та безпекою праці повинні відобразити оцінку професійних ризиків, заміну (усунення) небезпечних речовини з виробничих технологій, захист від гендерного насильства та створення інспекцій праці. Запропоновано цілі Рамкової стратегії ЄС із безпеки та здоров'я на роботі на 2021-2027 р. включити в стратегічний план розвитку організації, що дозволить передбачити відповідні заходи на тактичному і операційному рівні систем управління організацією з наголосом на забезпечення й підтримку добробуту працівників, що спонукає формуванню усвідомленому відношенню працівників до своїх зобов’язань. Наукова новизна полягає у науковому обґрунтуванні вимог до розробки стратегія розвитку системи управління охорони здоров’я та безпеки праці в організації на основі управління змінами та готовістю до майбутніх викликів та потенційних загроз. Практична цінність полягає у розробці задач, які відповідають стратегії розвитку організації відповідно до вимог Рамкової стратегії ЄС із безпеки та здоров'я на роботі на 2021-2027 р.
... However [25,26], fixated the blame on the financial crisis, economic crisis and historical background alongside associated welfare packages barricading estimated progress to equality in economic growth and development of low-growth regions in the bloc. Interestingly, 'Luxembourg was fingered by Ref. [27] as a country with the highest GDP per capita in the EU but still recorded an increase in poverty and social exclusion; however, cities in Italy, Spain and Greece are not left out. ...
At the heart of the EU cohesion policy and the European Green deal lies the underlying sub-goals not limited to; financing the transition, promoting economic well-being of regions, take everyone along, achieving climate neutrality and a zero pollution Europe which the small and medium enterprises positions as the perfect conduit to achieve the aforementioned sub-goals in the case of Europe. Our study seeks to investigate if credit flowing from private sector units and government-owned enterprises to SMEs guarantees inclusive growth and environmental sustainability in EU-27 member states using data collected from OECD Stat. Database and the World Bank database from 2006 to 2019. Findings from the econometric analysis shows that SMEs activities is a significant and positive predictor of environmental pollution in the EU. In the case of inclusive growth countries cohort in the EU, both credit flowing from private sector funding institutions and government-owned enterprises to SMEs enhances a positive SME growth impact on environmental sustainability. In the case of non-inclusive growth countries cohort in the EU, credit flowing from private sector to SMEs enhances the positive impact of SME growth on environmental sustainability while credit flowing from government-owned enterprises to SMEs intensify the negative impact of SME growth on environmental sustainability.
... However, before we reached the end of the decade, the European Commission stated that this goal had not been attained and that significant efforts were still needed in the fight against poverty and income inequality (European Commission, 2022). The Europe 2020 strategy has been supplemented and eventually replaced by Agenda 2030 (Becker et al., 2020) and the fight against poverty is still ongoing. In addition, according to the European Commission, the effects of the economic recovery after the Eurozone crisis were not evenly distributed among all groups of society (European Commission, 2019). ...
Are economic growth and social expenditure effective in decreasing poverty and income inequality in the European Union? We try to provide an answer to this question by using a Panel VAR model for the period from 2010 to 2019, using a sample of 28 European member states plus Norway and Iceland. We find that although both economic growth and social expenditure decrease poverty, economic growth is more effective at decreasing poverty than social expenditure. However, when it comes to income inequality, economic growth seems to increase it, while social expenditure seems to lower it.
... In essence, this research has shown that weekend or night work has no major impact on the economic activity. It does not increase productivity in terms of the economic growth, however it certainly maintains production or the provision of services (Becker et al., 2020). ...
Research background: Smart technologies and Internet are an integral
part of every day life making it more convenient and transforming the way
employees work. While it allows employees to work when and where they
want, it increases the risk of employees working later in the evenings of
letting the work into weekends.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the paper is to identify the
effectiveness of work in the evening and on weekends and propose
sustainable development solutions. The aim of this research is to analyse
the impact of work in the evening or on weekends on productivity per
capita, life satisfaction and happiness in countries of Eurozone.
Methods: Data were collected from Eurostat database 2017-2021.
Correlation analysis and descriptive statistical methods are used to analyse
the nature of association between the variables.
Findings & Value added: Working in the evening and on weekends is
beneficial neither for the economy nor for well being of employees in
Eurozone. Nevertheless, work on Sunday has positive impact on life
satisfaction, however it decreases the feeling of happiness what can reflect
on employee productivity during the week.
... However, the studies cited and the methods used do not provide a ranking of countries, but only a classification of similar objects into clusters. In this regard, of interest is a study by Becker et al. [39], which proposed the creation of an EU2020 index to measure the achievement of the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy, including energy and climate goals, of EU member states. This index takes into account all eight goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. ...
Topics related to sustainable economic development are currently important issues in the modern world. However, the implementation of this concept and related operational strategies raises many controversies. On the one hand, it offers hope for ecological, safe, and independent economic development, while on the other hand, it raises public concerns about the costs of such changes. These problems are widely appreciated in the EU, which is the undoubted leader in implementing the concept of sustainable economic development. With regard to this issue, this paper presents the developed methodology for assessing the sustainable energy and climate development of the EU-27 countries. The basis of this assessment is 17 selected indicators characterizing the most important areas related to this development. Their selection was conditioned by the assumptions of the Europe 2020 Strategy and the goals (7 and 13) of the UN Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030. Five widely used methods for multi-criteria analysis supporting management processes (CODAS, EDAS, TOPSIS, VIKOR, and WASPAS) were used for the study. In order to carry out an unambiguous assessment and determine the final ranking of countries in terms of energy and climate sustainability, a methodology was developed to specify the normalized value of the Final Assessment Score (As f inal). Based on it, the sustainability of individual EU-27 countries in 2010, 2015, and 2020 was assessed, and this assessment formed the basis for dividing these countries into four classes (levels) in terms of sustainability. The results confirmed the high differentiation of the EU-27 countries in terms of sustainability, indicating leaders as well as countries with low levels of sustainability. The countries with the highest and most stable levels of sustainable development of the economy are Sweden and Denmark. The results provide opportunities for their interpretation, both in terms of analyzing changes in individual indicators and in terms of the global assessment of sustainable development in individual countries. These results should be used when developing an energy and climate strategy for the next few years for the EU as a whole and for individual countries.
... Such an assessment is made, for example, on the basis of aggregated measures while applying a different methodological approach, that is, it shows an aggregated level of achievement by individual countries of all measures or environmental indicators [80][81][82][83][84][85][86]. It compares the values of national individual monitoring indicators with their target values-goals set at the EU level until 2020 [87]. It also juxtaposes the values of individual national monitoring indicators with their target values for a given country for 2020 [87]. ...
... It compares the values of national individual monitoring indicators with their target values-goals set at the EU level until 2020 [87]. It also juxtaposes the values of individual national monitoring indicators with their target values for a given country for 2020 [87]. ...
The initiatives taken by the European Union (EU) and the strategies it adopts aim to achieve sustainable development in a long-term perspective. This, however, requires continuous and consistent efforts to minimise the pressure on the natural environment. By obliging and encouraging Member States to take action in the environmental area, the EU wants to be a leader in conducting the green energy transformation. The main aim of the article is to assess the level of advancement of the EU countries (taking into account their division into two groups: EU-13 and EU-15) in making efforts to preserve the natural environment, with a particular emphasis on the position of Poland among the EU countries. An environmental index (EI) was used to make comparisons between EU countries. This index was designed on the basis of selected indicators during a statistical analysis. The Principal Component Analysis and the cluster analysis are employed in the article. This analysis puts forward a claim that it was mainly the countries of the EU-15 (Denmark and Sweden, in particular) that ranked highest in the environmental area in the period analysed and thus are the most advanced in terms of taking action for environmental protection—they took leaders’ positions. Romania and Bulgaria took the lowest positions in these comparisons. Poland’s score was low for the EI in the period analysed compared to the EU-28 countries. Establishing a more effective environmental policy in Member States with the lowest results is most crucial. The consistency of ordering countries according to the EI was noticeable in the period investigated. This proves the stability of the positions occupied by the EU-13 and the EU-15 group. Even though the European Union has made great progress with regard to the protection of the natural environment and green transformation, there is still much more to be done to increase the efficiency of resource use, waste recycling, energy efficiency or RES sharing in energy mixes.
... Three composite indicators were adopted to quantify socioeconomic development, smart, sustainable, and inclusive growth, and social progress. These indicators were the regional EU Human Development Index (HDI) (Bubbico and Dijkstra, 2011;Eurostat, 2019aEurostat, , b, 2020c, the EU2020 index (Becker et al., 2020), and the regional EU Social Progress Index (SPI) (Annoni and Bolsi, 2020). The selected composite indicators, measuring socioeconomic wellbeing, were combined to a single measure to express socioeconomic vulnerability (SVI) (Gkatzogias et al., 2022a). ...
This science-for-policy report provides support to building renovation policies in the EU by promoting a holistic point of view on the topic. Integrated renovation can be seen as a nexus between European policies on disaster resilience, energy efficiency and circularity in the building sector. An overview of policy measures for the seismic and energy upgrading of buildings across EU Member States identified only a few available measures for combined upgrading. Regulatory framework, financial instruments and digital tools similar to those for energy renovation, together with awareness and training may promote integrated renovation. A framework for regional prioritisation of building renovation was put forward, considering seismic risk, energy efficiency, and socioeconomic vulnerability independently and in an integrated way. Results indicate that prioritisation of building renovation is a multidimensional problem. Depending on priorities, different integrated indicators should be used to inform policies and accomplish the highest relative or most spread impact across different sectors. The framework was further extended to assess the impact of renovation scenarios across the EU with a focus on priority regions. Integrated renovation can provide a risk-proofed, sustainable, and inclusive built environment, presenting an economic benefit in the order of magnitude of the highest benefit among the separate interventions. Furthermore, it presents the unique capability of reducing fatalities and energy consumption at the same time and, depending on the scenario, to a greater extent.
... B. Breuss 2011). Erinnert sei auch an das Schicksal von Initiativen wie der Lissabon-Strategie ("die EU zum wettbewerbsfähigsten und dynamischsten Wirtschaftsraum der Welt entwickeln") oder "Europa 2020" (Becker et al. 2020;Maesse 2020;Darvas et al. 2021). 11 Nun aber wird die Kommission zum wohl bedeutendsten Emittenten von Euro-Schuldverschreibungen. ...
Zusammenfassung
Die Europäischen Gemeinschaften der Nachkriegsjahre haben sich trotz mannigfacher Krisen zu einem stabilen Gebilde entwickelt. Diese Entwicklung war durchaus erwartungswidrig. Der Artikel betont die zentrale Rolle politischer, juridischer und institutioneller Pfadabhängigkeiten im Europäischen Integrationsprozess. Die Kernthese lautet im Anschluss daran, dass die Europäische Union mittlerweile als geradezu überstabil bezeichnet werden muss, da einmal getroffene Weichenstellungen aus strukturellen Gründen kaum mehr korrigiert werden können. Die EU muss daher Alternativen zum Grundsatz der Einheitlichkeit entwickeln und Wege finden, ihren Kritikern innerhalb des Gemeinschaftssystems eine Stimme zu geben. Krisenresistenz, so das Fazit, könnte sich sonst paradoxerweise als Achillesferse der Integration erweisen.
... It is noted that due to missing regional data on climate change and energy sustainability, headline targets 3-5 were not considered. EU2020 scores were retrieved by Becker et al. (2020). ...
... ( 3 ) Becker et al. (2020). ...
... EU-HDI, EU2020, and EU-SPI correlation (Source: EU-HDI:Table 5; EU2020:Becker et al., 2020; EU- ...
The work presented in this report aims to provide scientific support to building renovation policies in the EU by promoting a holistic point of view on the topic. As part of the pilot project ‘Integrated techniques for the seismic strengthening and energy efficiency of existing buildings’, priority regions for building renovation across the EU-27 are identified considering seismic risk, energy performance of buildings, and socioeconomic aspects. An integrated analysis framework is first presented along with the primary metrics adopted for regional assessment and prioritisation. Metrics address (i) loss of life, (ii) economic loss associated with cost of seismic repair, (iii) space heating energy consumption, (iv) economic loss associated with the cost of energy, and (v) socioeconomic indicators. The framework uses as a starting point a recently released seismic exposure model, extended to address both structural and energy attributes of the European building stock. A wealth of open-access state-of-the-art data and models related to seismic hazard, climatic, physical and social vulnerability, along with energy performance modelling in Europe are employed in support of probabilistic seismic risk assessment, data-driven machine learning approaches, and composite socioeconomic indicators. Initially, metrics are used to form indicators and prioritise regions based on seismic risk, energy performance and socioeconomic vulnerability, independently. Different modes/patterns of prioritisation are identified depending on the considered type and format (absolute/normalised) of indicators. Single and multi-sectoral indicators are subsequently introduced to capture the different patterns in an integrated way. The results presented in this report clearly indicate that prioritisation of building renovation is a multidimensional problem. Depending on priorities, different integrated indicators should be used to inform policies that accomplish the highest relative or most spread impact across different sectors. Overall, the work presented herein provides a set of data, indicators and rankings, which promote risk-informed and inclusive decision making in support of local, regional or European policies and initiatives for building renovation. The output of this work is used in a following report to define and assess the impact of regional renovation scenarios across the EU through cost–benefit analysis.
