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... I. Reconnaissance of the territory. Preparation of the territory and the object under study for geodesic observations: 1) installation of deformation marks: a) marks are located at a certain height; b) marks are located along the perimeter of the building; c) in this case, reflective films fixed in the required place substitute the marks (Fig. 1). For the convenience of targeting deformation marks and to eliminate errors for the inclination of the collimating ray to the mark plane, a special rotating reflective film was proposed at the Cadastre and Geoengineering department of the Kuban State Technological University (Fig. 1, c). It is mounted in the wall and allows to be ...
Context 2
... films fixed in the required place substitute the marks (Fig. 1). For the convenience of targeting deformation marks and to eliminate errors for the inclination of the collimating ray to the mark plane, a special rotating reflective film was proposed at the Cadastre and Geoengineering department of the Kuban State Technological University (Fig. 1, c). It is mounted in the wall and allows to be targeted at almost any position due to the rotation of the mark without shifting the center. The usage of this kind of marks has increased greatly ...
Context 3
... marks previously fixed and intended for superimposing down the axes of structures and 9 aligning marks located along the perimeter of the sanatorium mainly on metal fences were used as reference and initial geodetic points. The view of both mark types is similar to the deformation marks (Fig. 1). Aligning marks are used to determine the standing points coordinates of the total station (stations) with a linearangular tick. The stations are selected approximately at the alignment of one pair of aligning marks in so that the plane of the marks to be perpendicular to the collimating line which gives the minimum error in the ...
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... Ground component is a system of stations tracking satellites in orbit, performing the correction of the location of satellites. User component -receivers that receive a signal to determine their location [9]. ...
... The use of methods of geodetic measurements used in geodesy to obtain topographic and geodetic data is mainly regulated by GKINP (ONTA)-02-262-02 "Geodetic, cartographic instructions, norms and rules" -instruction for the development of survey substantiation and surveying of the situation and relief with the use of GLONASS and GPS global navigation satellite systems. But it is worth noting that this instruction was introduced in 2002 and requires changes taking into account new research, since for 19 years, there has been an intensive process in the development of geodetic equipment, including GNSS equipment and, accordingly, satellite measurement methods [1,[7][8][9][10]. ...
This paper analyzes the use of GNSS equipment when conducting topographic surveys. It was revealed that despite the presence of a large number of modern and high-precision GNSS receivers, nowadays, the regulatory and legal framework has established significant restrictions on the use of GNSS equipment when carrying out topographic and geodetic surveys. According to the current legislation, this equipment cannot accurately determine coordinates and heights on the ground. To prove the opposite, a scientific experiment was carried out, as a result of which it was found that modern GNSS receivers can more accurately determine coordinates and heights on the ground than modern total stations and electronic theodolites. Therefore, it is recommended to use the obtained data of the experiment as a basis for making changes to the regulatory framework.
... This fact determines that for such flights, RSs with a large battery are needed. Also, the timing of command execution is affected by the residual battery capacity, which is quickly spent due to battery life and frequency of use [7][8][9][10]. ...
... In addition, the availability of charging stations for the RSs would significantly increase the total flight time. In this case, it is necessary to make sure that the RS does not have any internal and external defects or damage [10][11][12][13]. ...
... Recommended in GOST methods provide only determining the position of control points located on the observed object. With this approach, the measurement results only indicate a negative impact [1,2]. The fact is that the construction of facilities is associated with the occurrence of open pit mine -a foundation pit. ...
... , (1) where -components of horizontal displacement along the coordinate axes, coordinates of the mark in the i-th and zero observation cycle. RMS error determining the horizontal displacement is calculated by the formula: ...
The issues of ensuring the safe construction and operation of buildings and structures in a metropolis are considered. A description of the monitoring technique is given, which is to control the deformation process during new construction near existing buildings. The necessity of performing geodetic observations of deformations of the earth’s surface is emphasized. A precalculation of the accuracy of determining the position of deformation grades located in the influence zone of an object under construction is given. Based on the simulation results, control zones are identified in which it is proposed to monitor the process of deformation of the soil mass at the boundary of the pit. The advantages of the integrated deformation monitoring technique over traditional observation methods are presented.
This paper analyzes the application of geodetic equipment (electronic tacheometers and GPS) used in cadastral and land surveying work. The paper presents an analysis of the most common brands of tacheometers in Russia. The accuracy of these instruments was analyzed, and the use of tachometers was compared with the use of GNSS receivers. As a result of the study carried out in this scientific work, it was concluded that there is a need for legislative and methodological modernization of the requirements for cadastral surveys, first of all, in the preparation of technical plans. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
