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Research in the past decade has shown basic psychological needs (BPNs) as essential for human wellness, but little is known about their effects on positive affects that are more characteristic of East Asian cultures or whether their effects differ for different affective outcomes. We examined the role of BPNs in a recently conceptualized affect cha...
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... Moreover, in their Study 2, Chen et al. (2015) found similar pattern of relationships between needs frustration and depressive feelings, and between needs satisfaction and subjective vitality. Similarly, Cordeiro et al. (2016) found that needs frustration related to heightened levels of depressive feelings, and Yu et al. (2020) found a significant negative correlation between subjective vitality and the frustration of the basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Therefore, these studies consistently show that needs frustration has a potential detrimental role on adolescent maladjustment, such as, in the case of the current study, depressive feelings and lack of subjective vitality. ...
Although the detrimental role of adolescent triangulation into interparental conflict on their adjustment is well documented, the possible intervening mechanisms have not been fully investigated. Guided by the self-determination theory, we aimed to examine the mediating role of needs frustration in the relationship between adolescent triangula-tion and adjustment, namely depressive feelings and subjective vitality. Participants were 461 Turkish high school students (M age = 17.25, SD = 1.16; 64.21% females). Triangulation subscale of the Children's Perception of Inter-parental Conflict Scale was used to measure the triangulation perception of adolescents, Basic Needs Frustration subscale of the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale was used to measure adolescent needs frustration, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale, and Subjective Vitality Scale were employed to assess adolescent adjustment. The results of the path analysis showed that triangulation related positively to needs frustration, which in turn, positively predicted depressive feelings and negatively predicted subjective vitality. These findings indicated the significant intervening role of needs frustration in the relationship among adolescent triangu-lation, depressive feelings, and subjective vitality. The discussion focuses on the findings and implications for the familial and individual determinants of adolescent adjustment in the context of the self-determination theory and the potential avenues for future research.
... Similar to this notion, we found a complete mediation effect of resilience between physical activity and PoM, suggesting that physical activity affects one's PoM state by improving resilience. In this manner, the frequency or intensity of physical activity might not directly improve one's PoM or inner peace, it might work through improving the nervous system by increasing top-down cognitive control, and behavioral and emotional self-regulation for resilience 38,52 , which helps individuals be more resistant to the emotional effects of acute stress 53 . ...
Peace of mind (PoM) is an index of mental health in Asian culture and emphasizes low arousal, happiness, harmony, and an internal state of peacefulness. While previous studies have found that mindful self-awareness can contribute to PoM, regular physical activity (PA) is also an important factor contributing to one’s PoM due to its function in promoting one's resilience. The study aims to investigate a hypothetical model that assumes PA is associated with resilience while controlling for mindful self-awareness, contributing to PoM. The PoM scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Chinese translation of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and PA self-report questionnaire were used. A path analysis was applied to test the association between these variables and the mediating role of resilience. A total of 436 students from a university in Taiwan were recruited; the mean age was 20.87, with 46.3% female and 73.6% engaging in over 150 min/week of moderate PA. Gender and age negatively correlated with PA. After controlling for age and gender, there was no direct effect of physical activity on PoM; both mindful self-awareness and PA predict resilience, which in turn predicts PoM, suggesting that both cognitive (i.e., mindful self-awareness) and PA are important to cultivate resilience and thus PoM.
... In other words, positive parent-child relationships enable parents to provide adolescents with more support, thereby promoting the condition of BPNs (Nishimura et al., 2021). Moreover, empirical evidence suggests that BPNs increase subjective vitality in left-behind adolescents (Guo et al., 2021;Yu et al., 2020). Self-determination theory views the fulfillment of BPNs as necessary for sustaining and promoting personal subjective vitality. ...
The term “left-behind adolescent” refers to adolescents who remain in the household registration area to live with their one parent or temporary guardian because both or one of their parents have left town for work. Subjective vitality is a crucial indicator of healthy adolescent growth. However, few studies have been conducted on the factors associated with the left-behind adolescents’ subjective vitality. This study investigated the level of subjective vitality of left-behind adolescents and explored the potential mechanisms between the parent-child relationship and subjective vitality. We collected a sample of 604 secondary school students from a rural region in southwest China (52.98% female; Mage = 13.76; SD = 0.88). We compared a mediation model among adolescents left behind by fathers (N = 200), mothers (N = 122), and both parents (N = 282). The results found that parent-child relationships were positively associated with subjective vitality. Basic psychological needs and meaning in life both mediated the relationship between the parent-child relationship and subjective vitality among left-behind adolescents. There was no significant difference in the role of the father-child relationship and the mother-child relationship. In addition, unlike previous research, we discovered no direct association between the mother-child relationship and subjective vitality when mothers were absent. And there was no significant direct relationship between the father-child relationship and subjective vitality when fathers were absent. Our findings add incremental insight into how parental absence affects left-behind adolescents’ positive psychological development.
... The perceived peace of mind of the caregiver was evaluated by the 7-item Peace of Mind scale (PoM; Lee et al., 2013;Yu et al., 2020). Participants were asked to rate their agreement with each statement on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = not at all; 5 = all the time). ...
Introduction:
Existing caregiver assessment tools were long criticized for focusing on the needs and burden while neglecting the importance of the resources. The current study aimed to develop a multidimensional and time-effective assessment tool that measures both needs and resources of non-paid family caregivers of older adults for screening and service-matching purposes.
Methods:
Items of the Caregiver Needs and Resources Assessment (CNRA) were developed from extensive literature reviews and focus group interviews of family caregivers and social workers in the field. In addition, we collected 317 valid responses from family caregivers of older adults from local non-government organizations in examining the psychometric properties of the CNRA.
Results:
The results revealed a 12-factor structure that fitted nicely into the conceptual frame of needs and resources domains. Need factors were positively associated with mental health symptoms, while resource factors were positively associated with peace in mind, meaning-making, and personal gain measures. The 36-item CNRA revealed good internal reliability and convergent validity.
Discussion:
The CNRA has the potential to be used as a compact yet balanced assessment tool for understanding both the needs and resources of caregivers for human service professionals.
... As a positive emotion, PoM broadens individuals' momentary thoughtaction repertoires (Fredrickson and Branigan, 2005). Specifically, PoM broadens individuals' scopes of attention and cognition and makes more information available for cognitive processing, so that more intrapersonal resources can be put into work (Anjum et al., 2014;Yu et al., 2019). Besides, PoM builds interpersonal resources. ...
... In Chinese culture, intense emotional release is normally interpreted as a threat (Friedman et al., 2006). By contrast, individuals governed by PoM may find themselves in a more stable and well-regulated emotional state through self-control and thus feel neither overly excited nor upset (Yu et al., 2019). Besides, they have access to resources just as much as they need or expect, instead of seizing too many resources, so that they are likely to be treated more favorably by others (Yu et al., 2019). ...
... By contrast, individuals governed by PoM may find themselves in a more stable and well-regulated emotional state through self-control and thus feel neither overly excited nor upset (Yu et al., 2019). Besides, they have access to resources just as much as they need or expect, instead of seizing too many resources, so that they are likely to be treated more favorably by others (Yu et al., 2019). Therefore, individuals with PoM have better access to emotional and instrumental assistance from others, such as counseling, care, and opportunity, which are collectively referred to as social support (Hobfoll, 2009). ...
Introduction:
The prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic has taken on a "New Normal" form, which necessitates a calm and peaceful social mentality. This study delves into the Chinese socioculturally oriented emotion construct of peace of mind (PoM) with regard to how it may affect employees' work engagement in times of the pandemic. Based on the conversation of resource (COR) theory, we develop a model in which the relationship between PoM (i.e., a low-arousal positive affective state) and work engagement and the relationship between career calling (i.e., a high-arousal positive state) and work engagement are both mediated by social support.
Methods:
A total of 292 employees from 18 companies in Wuxi and Dalian, China, were surveyed at two different time points during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Results:
The results show that both relationships were mediated by social support; furthermore, after the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between PoM and work engagement was controlled for, the relationship between career calling and social support failed to reach significance.
Discussion:
The findings attest to the unique advantages of PoM in boosting employees' resource conservation and interpersonal communication in public crises. Possible implications on applying the incentive mechanism of PoM in the workplace are discussed.
... In a recent study, it was shown that perceived physical ability (PPA) only had a positive effect on well-being in individuals who were regularly physically active and thus had the frequent opportunity to experience their competence in physical tasks [22]. The positive association between perceived competence and subjective vitality has been replicated in a number of crosssectional [5,18,[23][24][25][26] and longitudinal studies [27][28][29][30] with diverse samples of different age groups. The longitudinal study by León and Núñez [30] demonstrated the direction of effect as university students with a higher competence satisfaction at the beginning of a semester exhibited a higher subjective vitality by the end of the semester. ...
University students represent a population that faces high risks regarding physical inactivity. Research suggests that a regular engagement in physical activity (PA) may be more likely established when it leads to the experience of subjective vitality. Subjective vitality, in turn, is more likely achieved through physical activities that individuals feel competent in, and that take place in natural outdoor environments. An activity that may fulfill these conditions is active commuting to and from university (ACU). To examine whether and in which form ACU can combine this promising pattern of aspects, a person-oriented analysis was conducted. The sample contained 484 university students (59.3% females). Leisure-time PA, ACU by walking, ACU by cycling, subjective vitality, PA-related competence and body mass index were included as input variables in a self-organizing maps analysis. For both female and male university students, the identified clusters indicated that students who intensively engaged in ACU did not exhibit subjective vitality levels above average. Consistently, they did not show elevated levels of PA-related competence, which suggests that ACU does not support the perception of their physical abilities. Considerations regarding urban university environments lacking sufficient natural elements finally add to the conclusion that engaging in ACU does not suffice to establish a vitality-supportive and thus sustainable PA behavior. Additionally, the identified clusters illustrate a large heterogeneity regarding the interaction between leisure-time PA, body mass index and subjective vitality.
... LAPA or serenity refers to feeling serene, calm, and relaxed. There is empirical evidence that vitality and LAPA are empirically distinct (e.g., Longo, 2015;Yu et al., 2019), albeit correlations are rather high, peaking around r = .70 in some studies. Hence, we expect energetic activation as measured with the battery scale to be distinct from serenity. ...
A common theme across phenomena like vitality, vigor, and fatigue is that they all refer to some aspect of energy. Since experience sampling methodology has become a major approach, there is a significant need for a time-effective and valid measure of energetic activation. In this study, we develop and examine the validity of a single-item pictorial scale of energetic activation. We examine the convergent, discriminant, and criterion-related validity of the pictorial scale and scrutinize the practical advantages of applying a pictorial vs. a purely verbal item concerning response latencies and user experience ratings. We conducted two consecutive experience sampling studies among 81 and 109 employees across 15 and 12 days, respectively. Multilevel confirmatory factor analyses provide evidence that the pictorial scale converges strongly with vitality and vigor, relates to fatigue, is distinct from facets of core affect, and shows expected correlations to antecedents of energetic activation. Energetic activation as measured with the pictorial scale was predicted by sleep quality and basic need satisfaction, and predicted work engagement. The pictorial scale was superior to a purely verbal scale regarding response latencies and participant-rated user experience. Hence, our scale provides a valid, time-efficient, and user-friendly scale suited for experience sampling research.
... A study on Pakistani employees (Anjum et al., 2014) explored its association with psychological resources on employee performance, while Xi et al. (2021) defined it as an emotional state marked by self control and dependent on social support during emotionally demading times. Yu et al. (2020) also showed that when basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, competence) were met, PoM was predicted, but more for Chinese students than American students. Our findings are noteworthy as they elicited a poorly explored construct: peace of mind. ...
Wellbeing is perceived in various ways by different populations. Although there is now a surge in research on wellbeing in non-Western populations, the perceptions of Indians, more specifically, expatriate managers, is not well represented. This study explored how Indian expatriate managers in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) perceive wellbeing from personal and professional lenses in a bid to discover its composition, as well as how it might be augmented in workplace settings. A total of 18 Indian expatriate managers took part in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis
was used to analyse the data. The results highlighted the importance of physical health and self-care, self-efficacy, work-life balance, organizational and social support. Noteworthy were also the notions
of family wellbeing and peace of mind, two poorly explored, yet emerging constructs in the wellbeing literature. Our findings highlight how much more there is to know about wellbeing from non-Western lenses to make positive psychology a more relevant science for all parts of the globe. We
end this paper with suggestions for improving family wellbeing, peace of mind, and other workplace
dimensions.
... To be sure, there are constructs closely related to inner/personal peace that have emerging literatures, highlighted inside and outside the positive psychology literatures. From the Chinese culture there is 'peace of mind' research, defined as an inner state of peacefulness and harmony; this research shows that peace of mind is higher in Chinese cultures compared with Western cultures (Lee et al., 2013;Yu et al., 2019). Related to this is harmony, which was found across 11 of 12 cultures to be the single most common conception of happiness (Delle Fave et al., 2016). ...
Positive psychology has been largely distant from the substantial science of peace studies. This is unfortunate as the mutual synergy between these fields holds vast opportunity. Misconceptions and obstacles underlying this gap are highlighted, alongside counterpoints for each. The purpose is to lay a foundation for the integration of the science of character strengths and peace psychology, across levels of peace, namely personal/inner peace and relational peace with ramifications for intragroup and intergroup peace. To enhance the understanding of this integration, a convenience sample of 25,302 people was examined. Percentages of the participants’ perceived highest strengths used for building inner peace and relational peace and for managing political/religious conflict were calculated. Examples of respondents’ strategies for using strengths across levels of peace are offered. Among the various findings, perspective, kindness, and honesty were in the top 10 across all three levels. Limitations and future directions for this integration are discussed.
... These studies only emphasized the "positivity" of PoM and considered it the same as other activating positive emotions aroused by personal positive experiences (Fredrickson, 2001). For example, PoM can be aroused by mindfulness training where individuals are cultivated to recall or imagine being in a comfortable and relaxing environment multiple times (Yu et al., 2019). Such approaches, however, fell short of highlighting PoM as a low-arousal, stable, and restrained emotional state (Lee et al., 2013). ...
... Such approaches, however, fell short of highlighting PoM as a low-arousal, stable, and restrained emotional state (Lee et al., 2013). This study, from the perspective of interpersonal interaction, revealed that the positive state of PoM arises not only from personal momentary positive experiences (Yu et al., 2019) but also from the support of others on a long-term basis, which further leads to positive interpersonal interaction. This study contributed to the broadening of the scope of positive psychology. ...
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has sparked a major global crisis that has infected public social mentality. Drawing on the concept of peace of mind (PoM), a culture-specific positive emotion construct developed in the Chinese cultural context, this study explored the ways to build a positive public social mentality in the time of the pandemic. PoM is indicative of a calm and stable emotional state marked by self-control and spiritual cultivation and is believed to align with the perceptions of subjective well-being in Chinese or eastern cultures. A three-wave cross-lag study using an online questionnaire survey was conducted on 107 employees in Chinese enterprises during the pandemic. The research findings suggest that social support had a significant positive time-cross effect on later PoM, i.e., social support-T1 had a significant predictive effect on PoM-T2 (β = 0.16, SE = 0.09, p < 0.05) and social support-T2 had a significant predictive effect on PoM-T3 (β = 0.38, SE = 0.19, p < 0.05), whereas PoM failed to show a positive time-cross effect on later social support, i.e., the predictive effects of PoM-T1 on social support-T2 (β = 0.04, SE = 0.07, p > 0.05) and of PoM-T2 on social support-T3 (β = 0.13, SE = 0.09, p > 0.05) were not significant. This study provided a dynamic picture of the construction of public social mentality in the time of public health emergencies and also contributed to the research on PoM antecedents.
