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RT-PCR analysis of the apoptosis-related genes was performed after the MCF-7 cells were treated with compound 1 (IC 50 = 25.92 µM, 48 h).
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Phytochemical screening of nonpolar fractions from the methanol extract of the Bamboo shoot skin Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens resulted in the isolation of a new sterol-glucoside-fatty acid derivative (6’-O-octadeca-8″,11″-dienoyl)-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucoside (1), together with six known compounds. The chemical structures of the pure is...
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... investigation of the apoptotic pathway, MCF-7 cells were treated with compound 1 (IC 50 = 25.92 µM, 48 h); after this RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and the RT-PCR reaction was made to follow the mRNA expression of proapoptotic P53 and BAX; caspases 3, 8, and 9; and antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2. As shown in Figure 6, compound 1 significantly activated the level of the P53 gene (≈3.55-fold), with concomitant activation of the BAX levels, with a maximum increase of 3.77-fold. The compound was able to significantly increase the mRNA levels of caspase 3, 8, and 9 genes with a maximum increase of ≈5.01-fold, 1.9-fold, and 5.44-fold, respectively, while it significantly inhibited the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene (maximum decrease of ≈0.81-fold). ...
Context 2
... investigation of the apoptotic pathway, MCF-7 cells were treated with compound 1 (IC50 = 25.92 µM, 48 h); after this RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized, and the RT-PCR reaction was made to follow the mRNA expression of proapoptotic P53 and BAX; caspases 3, 8, and 9; and antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2. As shown in Figure 6, compound 1 significantly activated the level of the P53 gene (≈3.55-fold), with concomitant activation of the BAX levels, with a maximum increase of 3.77-fold. The compound was able to significantly increase the mRNA levels of caspase 3, 8, and 9 genes with a maximum increase of ≈5.01-fold, 1.9-fold, and 5.44-fold, respectively, while it significantly inhibited the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene (maximum decrease of ≈0.81-fold). ...
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Background:
Apatinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor, has shown promising therapeutic effect for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This prospective clinical study was implemented to evaluate the efficacy and safety of apatinib combined with transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) versus TACE alone in treating pati...
Citations
... In another work by Seki et al., similarly, they proved that Kumaiza bamboo extract had anti-cancer properties and might play an important role in cancer prevention [32]. Besides, Abdelhameed et al. clarified that methanol extract of the bamboo shoot skin Phyllostachys heterocycle stimulated apoptotic breast cancer cell death by 32.6-fold [33]. The bamboo salt soy sauce called Sarijang was utilized as a chemotherapeutic agent to control U937 human leukemia cells. ...
Bamboo plants belong to the grasses family (Poaceae) and are one of the most important and valuable forest resources. This multipurpose plant contains a variety of different species. All different plant parts, such as roots, rhizomes, shoots, stems, leaves, and seeds, exhibit their own unique properties that can be used in biomedical applications. Bamboo plants have an important place in traditional Asian medicine, particularly in China and Japan. Since the 1960s, biomedical research on the toxicity and health benefits of various bamboo species and parts has been conducted worldwide. These studies have shown that bamboo has many health benefits and has been linked with the prevention of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Besides that, bamboo also has antioxidant activity, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, etc. Bamboos are known to have a diversity of constituents such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, and coumarins, as determinant compounds for their bioactivity. These biodegradable materials could substitute several typical, non-biodegradable materials with comparable characteristics and performance as biomaterials. Since bamboo plant constituents are part of the physiological function of living flora, they are more compatible with the human body. This chapter reviews the potential usage of bamboo plants in medical-related fields.KeywordsDiabetes mellitusCholesterolHypertension and cardiovascular disease antioxidantsAnti-cancerPharmaceutical purposesPharmaceutical purposesAntibacterial properties
Bamboo plants are widely used in Asian traditional medicine for various health issues and exhibit therapeutic potential. Guadua species are renowned bamboos for their high phenolic compound content, including flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, and possess noteworthy biological properties. Despite this, there is a notable scarcity of research on the chemical and biological aspects of Latin American bamboo leaf extracts (BLEs), especially concerning the Guadua genus. This study aimed to employ a metabolomics approach to integrate the phytochemical and activity profiles of BLEs to identify potential bioactive markers. We determined the metabolic fingerprints of 30 BLEs through HPTLC, HPLC-DAD, UHPLC-QTOF-MS, and ¹H-NMR analyses and screened for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities using ABTS, DPPH, and MTT methods. Ultimately, correlation analyses were performed by using chemometric methods and molecular networking. Our findings present a comprehensive chemical characterization, encompassing 40 flavonoids and 9 cinnamic acid derivatives. Notably, most of these compounds have been reported for the first time within the genus, signifying novel discoveries. Additionally, certain compounds identified in other species of the subfamily Bambusoideae provide valuable comparative insights. These compounds demonstrated a significant correlation with antioxidant potential, with values exceeding 100 and 30 μmol of TE/g of extract for ABTS and DPPH, respectively, in the samples. Extracts from G. incana and G. angustifolia exhibited potent cytotoxic effects with IC50 values of 1.23 and 4.73 μg/mL against HCT-116 colon cancer cells, respectively. Notably, glycosylated flavones showed a strong correlation with cytotoxicity. These new findings significantly contribute to our understanding of the chemical composition and biological properties of these often overlooked bamboo species, providing them with important added value and alternative use.
One of the greatest threats to global health is cancer. Probiotic foods have been shown to have therapeutic promise in the management of cancer, even though traditional treatments such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery are still essential. The generation of anticarcinogenic compounds, immune system stimulation, and gut microbiota regulation are a few ways that probiotics when taken in sufficient quantities, might help health. The purpose of this review is to examine the therapeutic potential of probiotic foods in the management of cancer. Research suggests that certain strains of probiotics have anticancer effects by preventing the growth of cancer cells, triggering apoptosis, and reducing angiogenesis in new tumors. Probiotics have shown promise in mitigating treatment-related adverse effects, such as diarrhea, mucositis, and immunosuppression caused by chemotherapy, improving the general quality of life for cancer patients. However, there are several factors, such as patient-specific features, cancer subtype, and probiotic strain type and dosage, which affect how effective probiotic therapies are in managing cancer. More research is necessary to find the long-term safety and efficacy characteristics of probiotics as well as to clarify the best ways to incorporate them into current cancer treatment methods.
Graphical representation showing the role of probiotic foods in cancer management.
Phyllostachys heterocycla is well-known for its high diversity of bioactive metabolites, which are the reason for its various potential medical uses for which anticancer activity has been proven. Herein, Phyllostachys heterocycla extract was prepared in two different metallic nanoparticle formulas such as iron oxide nanoparticle-boron, and iron oxide nanoparticle-humic acid (Fe2O3 NP-B and Fe2O3 NP-HA) with average particle sizes of 12.25 nm and 15.80 nm, respectively. Phyllostachys heterocycla extract and the two nano-formulas were investigated to obtain their cytotoxic activity. The crude extract exhibited potent cytotoxic activity against the ovarian (OVCAR-3) cancer cell line, with IC50 values of 16.3 µg/mL. In comparison, the two nano-loaded forms displayed a much more promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 0.9 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-HA, and 6.4 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-B. Additionally, NP-HA and NP-B showed potent cytotoxic activities against prostate (PC-3) and pancreatic (Panc1) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 2.31, 6.3 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-HA, and 14.9, 16.8 µg/mL for Fe2O3 NP-B. For apoptosis investigation, Fe2O3 NP-HA induced total ovarian apoptotic cell death by a 87.34-fold change, and necrosis by 1.29-fold change. Regarding cell cycle analysis, Fe2O3 NP-HA-PHE arrested the cell proliferation of OVCAR-3 cells in S-phase, with an increased cell population at S-phase of 42.6%. Additionally, it confirmed the apoptosis mechanism by inhibiting the antiapoptotic gene and activating the proapoptotic gene markers. Moreover, upon continuation of our phytochemical investigation of the plant, additional chemical components of the crude extract of Phyllostachys heterocycla were isolated using various chromatographic techniques. As a result, six compounds were isolated. By using different spectroscopic data, the chemical structures of the pure isolated compounds were assigned as stigmasterol (1), glyceryl monobehenate (2), vanillic acid (3), ferulic acid (4), catechin (5), and thymidine (6). These isolated compounds were previously reported for their potent cytotoxic activities against panel of cancer cell lines including pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer cell lines (Ferulic acid), beside the anti-tumor potential against ovarian cell lines (Stigmasterol). In addition to the cytotoxic activity against human larynx carcinoma HepG-2 cell lines (Catechin), human breast cancer MCF7 (Thymidine), and human colon cancer cell line HT-29 (Vanillic acid). Which may explain the significant cytotoxic and anticancer properities of the crude extract of Phyllostachysheterocycla.
Background: Bamboo shoots, as a representative non-wood forest product, have a long history as a food source and have gained interests from scientists and industry for their potential as a sustainable nutrition resource to address the needs of future populations and ensure food security. Bamboo shoots are abundant in proteins, fibers, minerals, vitamins and many bioactive components, while being low in fat, making them highly valuable in
terms of nutrition and health benefits.
Scope and approach: This review comprehensively examines the consumption and processing history, nutritional composition, and potential health benefits of bamboo shoots as a sustainable nutrition resource. It further explores the newly developed functional ingredients and their applications in culinary and other value-added food products.
Key findings and conclusions: Bamboo shoots possess various bioactive components, which contributes to potential
health benefits including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, cancer control effect, prevention of obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. Additionally, numerous functional ingredients such as dietary fibers, polysaccharides, proteins, and antioxidant extracts derived from bamboo shoots have been developed in recent years. Despite their potential, the utilization of bamboo shoots in the current food industry faces limitations, particularly concerning toxicity and sensory aspects that need to be addressed for worldwide consumption. Efforts are recommended to promote awareness, close the knowledge gap, and conduct long-term studies on consumer acceptance of bamboo shoot consumption. Additionally, it is important to overcome challenges faced by the food industry in scaling up shoot-based functional food production. These initiatives will contribute to the broader
utilization of bamboo shoots as a sustainable nutrition resource.
Different parts of Cynara scolymus L. and their green synthesized eco-friendly silver nano-particles (AgNPs) were screened for their cytotoxicity and apoptotic activity. Results showed that flower extract AgNPs exhibited more potent cytotoxicity compared to the normal form against PC-3 and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 2.47 μg/mL and 1.35 μg/mL, respectively. The results were compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 5.13 and 6.19 μg/mL, respectively). For apoptosis-induction, AgNPs prepared from the flower extract induced cell death by apoptosis by 41.34-fold change and induced necrotic cell death by 10.2-fold. Additionally, they induced total prostate apoptotic cell death by a 16.18-fold change, and it slightly induced necrotic cell death by 2.7-fold. Hence, green synthesized flower extract AgNPs exhibited cytotoxicity in A549 and PC-3 through apoptosis-induction in both cells. Consequently, synthesized AgNPs were further tested for apoptosis and increased gene and protein expression of pro-apoptotic markers while decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic genes. As a result, this formula may serve as a promising source for anti-cancer candidates. Finally, liquid chromatography combined with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis was assessed to identify the common bioactive metabolites in crude extracts of stem, flower, and bract. Citation: Khedr, A.I.M.; Farrag, A.F.S.; Nasr, A.M.; Swidan, S.A.; Nafie, M.S.; Abdel-Kader, M.S.; Goda, M.S.; Badr, J.M.; Abdelhameed, R.F.A. Comparative Estimation of the Cytotoxic Activity of Different Parts of Cynara scolymus L.: Crude Extracts versus Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles with Apoptotic Investigation.
Cakile maritima ssp. aegyptiaca (Wild.) Nyman is growing with dimorphic leaf forms (entire or pinnatifid lamina) along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The cytotoxic activities of dried shoot systems of the two morphological forms were evaluated by testing and comparing the effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts on the viability of five human cell lines. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify the bioactive and anticancer compounds present in the most active extracts. MTT assay indicated that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts have selective cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines with no inhibitory activities against normal Wi38 or Vero cell lines. The underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity involved the induction of G2/M phase arrest in targeted cells MCF-7 and HCT-116 associated with inducing apoptosis in both cell lines, as indicated by Annexin-V assay. Apoptosis investigation in MCF-7 and HCT-116 cells treated with ethanolic extracts, was further investigated through RT-PCR, which exhibited elevation of proapoptotic genes of P53, BAX, Capase-3,6,7,8,9, and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene (BCL-2) upon treatment. The GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts of pinnatifid and entire forms revealed the existence of 18 and 13 compounds, respectively, with eleven compounds that were detected in pinnatifid form only and seven compounds were identified exclusively in the entire form. Molecular Docking study revealed that the identified compounds exhibited good binding affinity towards BCL-2 inhibition, and this agreed with the suggested apoptotic mechanism. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first scientific evidence underline the variability in the chemical composition associated with variable anticancer activities of dimorphic forms of C. maritima.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Bamboo shoot (Phyllostachys pubescens) is mainly cultivated in China and Japan. It represents a reservoir of micro and macronutrients and contains a high amount of proteins, essential amino acids, phenolic acids, sterols, and fibers. Thank to these compounds, several beneficial health effects have been attributed to the bamboo shoot. This review is aimed at discussing a collection of research papers on Bamboo shoot in pharmaceutical and food fields. A particular focus is addressed to the chemical profile, the different biological activities, the different uses, the traditional recipes, the methods of conservation and the treatments of the shoot. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a comprehensive review that is focused exclusively on the applications of the shoot of bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens in different fields.
Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. & A. Fern. var. obovata found in KwaZulu‐Natal in South Africa was investigated for phytochemical constituents, and for antiplasmodial and cytotoxic effects. The plant leaves were collected from the University of KwaZulu‐Natal (UKZN) arboretum on the Pietermaritzburg Campus, in March 2019. The inhibitory activity against 3D7 P. falciparum was determined using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) assay and cytotoxicity against HeLa cells was evaluated using the resazurin assay. The bioactive compounds were isolated by chromatographic purification and their structures were established with spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The plant leaf extract displayed significant antiplasmodial activity at 50 µg/mL and was also cytotoxic against HeLa cells. Chromatographic purification of the extract led to the isolation of two biflavonoids, four flavonoid glycosides, a steroid glycoside, and a megastigmene derivative. The compounds displayed antiplasmodial and antiproliferative activities at 50 µg/mL but the activity was substantially reduced at 10 µg/mL. The activities and compounds are being reported in O. obovata for the first time.
Different extracts of the Bamboo shoot skin Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens were screened against panel of cancer cell lines and normal one. The cell viability results exhibited that the ethyl acetate extract showed the least vitality percentage of 2.14% of HepG2 cells. Accordingly, it was subjected to chromatographic separation, which resulted in the isolation of a new natural product; 7-hydroxy, 5-methoxy, methyl cinnamate (1), together with four known compounds. The structures of the pure isolated compounds were deduced based on different spectroscopic data. The new compound (1) was screened against the HepG2 and MCF-7 cells and showed IC50 values of 7.43 and 10.65 µM, respectively. It induced apoptotic cell death in HepG2 with total apoptotic cell death of 58.6% (12.44-fold) compared to 4.71% in control by arresting cell cycle progression at the G1 phase. Finally, compound 1 was validated as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor in both enzymatic levels (IC50 = 98.65 nM compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 78.65 nM). Finally, in silico studies of compound 1 through the molecular docking indicated its high binding affinity towards EGFR protein and the ADME pharmacokinetics indicated it as a drug-like.
