FIGURE 7 - uploaded by Ian Godber
Content may be subject to copyright.
1. Quick reference guide to subject biography information required for a clinical trial on the Hologic QDR 2000 bone densitometer.
Source publication
The routine clinical assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) is best undertaken by the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DXA) and ultrasound scans. These techniques will establish BMD at a particular time. Using serial DXA measurements it is
possible to measure a change in BMD over a set period of time. It is presumed that these measured ch...
Similar publications
Objectives
To ascertain the associations of serum bone turnover markers (BTMs) levels with body mass index (BMI) in Chinese children and adolescents, and whether the influence of BMI, age, pubertal stage on BTMs varied by gender.
Methods
A total of 500 students (180 controls and 320 children and adolescents with overweight/obesity) aged 9–14 years...
Glucocorticoids prescribed to limit inflammation, have significant adverse effects. As 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) regenerates active glucocorticoid, we investigated whether 11β-HSD1 inhibition with AZD4017 could mitigate adverse glucocorticoid effects without compromising their anti-inflammatory actions. We conducted a proof...
Introduction
This study examines bone turnover marker (BTM) variations between bone marrow and peripheral blood in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients. BTMs offer insights into bone remodeling, crucial for understanding osteoporosis.
Methods
A total of 133 patients were categorized into osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic cohorts. BTMs—C-telo...
The preferential orientation of biological apatite (BAp) is a possible bone quality parameter for the comparison of the bone mechanical property. The preferential BAp orientation undergoes sensitive changes according to the change in the in vivo stress distribution, bone turnover rate etc., resulting in a variation of bone function. Osteoporosis is...
Bisphosphonates are commonly used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Atypical femoral fracture (AFF) is a well-known adverse effect of bisphosphonate use. The importance of genetic factors has been demonstrated in bone quality, bone turnover, and in the response to osteoporosis treatment. Herein, we present two cases of bilateral AFFs after bisphosp...
Citations
... In particular, bone isoenzyme is thermolabile and B-ALP activity is completely inhibited in response to heat at 56 ºC for 10 min. Residual activity becomes below 20% of initial activity after heating serum sample that represents partial bone isoenzyme activity [4,5]. ...
... Additional difficulties are caused by the blood circulating calcium-binding TRAP form. That is why it should be separated before measurement [4,5,8]. ...
This review focuses on the analysis of diagnostic value of the major bone remodeling markers, in particular synthesis and degradation markers of collagen type I. These include carboxy- and aminoterminal telopeptide, carboxy- and aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type I, hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. Their measurement allows evaluating the structural and functional conditions and also the rate of metabolic processes in the bone tissue. The advantages and disadvantages of determination of these markers in the condition of different bone diseases were examined. It is shown that determination of bone collagen type I metabolism markers is the most informative for assessment of bone resorption, formation and turnover.
Periodontitis comprises a group of multifactorial diseases in which periodontopathogens accumulate in dental plaque and trigger host chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, which are determinant to the disease outcome. Although unusual cases of non-inflammatory destructive periodontal disease (NIDPD) are described, their pathogenesis remains unknown. A unique NIDPD case was investigated by clinical, microbiological, immunological and genetic tools. The patient, a non-smoking dental surgeon with excessive oral hygiene practice, presented a generalized bone resorption and tooth mobility, but not gingival inflammation or occlusion problems. No hematological, immunological or endocrine alterations were found. No periodontopathogens (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum and T. denticola) or viruses (HCMV, EBV-1 and HSV-1) were detected, along with levels of IL-1β and TNF-a in GCF compatible with healthy tissues. Conversely ALP, ACP and RANKL GCF levels were similar to diseased periodontal sites. Genetic investigation demonstrated that the patient carried some SNPs, as well HLA-DR4 (*0404) and HLA-B27 alleles, considered risk factors for bone loss. Then, a less vigorous and diminished frequency of toothbrushing was recommended to the patient, resulting in the arrest of alveolar bone loss, associated with the return of ALP, ACP and RANKL in GCF to normality levels. In conclusion, the unusual case presented here is compatible with the previous description of NIDPD, and the results that a possible combination of excessive force and frequency of mechanical stimulation with a potentially bone loss prone genotype could result in the alveolar bone loss seen in NIDPD.
To evaluate whether Pakistanis have increased bone turnover compared with ethnic Norwegians due to their high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and whether the relation between bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) differs between Pakistanis and ethnic Norwegians.
A cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in the city of Oslo in 2000-2001. Random samples of 132 community-dwelling Pakistani men and women of ages 40, 45, and 59-60 years, and 580 community-dwelling Norwegian men and women of ages 45 and 59-60 years are included in this substudy.
Venous serum samples were drawn for measurements of markers of the vitamin D endocrine system and the bone turnover markers osteocalcin (s-OC), bone alkaline phosphatase (s-bone ALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (s-TRACP). BMD was measured at the forearm by single-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
Pakistanis had higher s-bone ALP compared with Norwegians. Mean (95% CI) age-adjusted levels were 22.5 (21.0, 24.1) U/l in Pakistani men versus 19.3 (18.6, 20.1) U/l in Norwegian men, P < 0.0005, and 20.3 (18.4, 22.1) U/l in Pakistani women versus 16.7 (16.0, 17.4) U/l in Norwegian women, P = 0.001. There tended to be an inverse association between bone turnover and BMD in men and women of both ethnic groups, and it was strongest for s-bone ALP. Overall mean (95% CI) distal BMD decrease was -16 (-20, -11) mg/cm(2) per 1 s.d. increase in s-bone ALP (P < 0.0005) when adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity.
Except for somewhat higher s-bone ALP levels in Pakistanis, there were only minor ethnic differences in bone turnover, despite a strikingly different prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Bone turnover was inversely associated with forearm BMD in both ethnic groups.
Colostrum is a complex mixture of bioactives that promotes neonate growth. Studies show that it contains components capable of promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption. Although many colostrum-based nutritional supplements have been developed as growth promotants, few studies have investigated their functional effects. A bovine colostrum 1-30 kDa fraction, Growth Protein-Colostrum (GP-C), was administered to juvenile rats as a dietary supplement to determine effects on growth and development. GP-C enhanced the growth and mineralization of the femur as evidenced by increased serum osteocalcin and bone mineral density. Increased levels of serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 suggest that the mechanism of enhanced growth is partially controlled by endocrine factors. GP-C was also found to increase osteoblast proliferation in vitro, a finding that indicates a possible mechanism of action of GP-C, but further studies are required. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that a colostrum-based dietary supplement enhances bone growth and development in humans.
