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This analysis was carried out to identify and compare the phytochemicals present in the n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Bridelia micrantha, Cassytha filiformis, Euphorbia hirta and Securinega virosa and their antimicrobial activities. The results showed presence of saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin and phenolics...
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Citations
... Antimicrobial activities against other pathogens, such as Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus flavus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also observed (17, 19 and 12 mm of growth inhibition when using an agar well diffusion technique) [77]. A recent study underlined the activity of F. virosa leaf extracts against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [78], in agreement with other antimicrobial studies [79,80]. ...
The white berry bush, officially Flueggea virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Royle is a medicinal plant distributed throughout tropical areas and traditionally used in Africa, India and China. Root decoctions are used to treat abdominal pain, whereas extracts from the aerial parts serve to treat liver and urinary diseases, inflammatory pathologies and diabetes, among other pathologies. Plant extracts have revealed antiparasitic, antimicrobial, antiepilepsy, antidiabetic, anticancer and analgesic effects. Three main categories of phytochemicals were isolated from F. virosa: polyphenols, with the lead product bergenin; terpenoids, such as the flueggenoids and related podocarpane-type diterpenoids; and many alkaloids derived from securinine and norsecurinine. A remarkable feature of S. virosa is the production of norsecurinine oligomers, including macromolecular tetramers and pentamers, such as fluevirosinines. The most potent anticancer alkaloid in the family is the dimeric indolizidine flueggine B, which was identified as a potential binder to α/β-tubulin dimer, which is a known target for securinine. This review highlights the diversity of phytochemicals identified from S. virosa and the potential therapeutic benefits of dimeric alkaloids. Studies are encouraged to further investigate the therapeutic properties of the lead compounds but also define and finesse the nutritional profile of the edible fruit.
... Moreover, it harbors molecules such as triacylbenzenes (cochlospermines A, B, C, D, and 1,3-bis(tetradecanoy1), alphitolic acid, 1-hydroxytetradecan-3-one, and β-bisabolene [29,30]. Phytochemical analyses of F. virosa have revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, terpenes, saponins, tannins, and carbohydrates [31]. Meanwhile, the analysis of the major chemical compounds of W. indica has highlighted the predominance of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponosides and tannins, along with a roster of molecules like epicatechin, waltherione L, waltherione F, betulinic acid, and quercetin [32]. ...
Periodontitis is a chronic, infectious, and inflammatory oral disease with a high prevalence in developing countries, where limited access to modern dental care curtails its treatment. This review is dedicated to examining three indigenous botanical species frequently recommended by traditional therapists for the treatment of periodontal disease, namely, Cochlospermum tinctorium, Flueggea virosa, and Waltheria indica, with the aim of elucidating their chemical constituents and pharmacological properties that may support their empirical use.
This review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines extension for scoping reviews. An electronic search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) up to July 2022. Out of 700 articles initially identified, only 11 were deemed eligible for inclusion; a substantial majority (80%) of these comprised in vitro studies. Among the trio of botanicals considered, Waltheria indica emerged as the most extensively investigated (65% of the studies). The administration of these plants was predominantly in the form of decoctions or macerations, with extraction methods employing alcoholic agents (ethanolic and methanolic), hydroalcoholic solutions, or aqueous solvents.
The selected plants exhibited notable richness in polyphenolic compounds, particularly flavonoids, and demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, as indicated in 60% of the studies, along with antibacterial properties (against Streptococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori). None of the studies reported antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens.
The pharmacological properties of these plants may hold promise for the management of oral inflammatory and infectious conditions. Nevertheless, further comprehensive investigations are imperative to establish their safety and efficacy for periodontitis treatment before conclusive recommendations can be formulated.
... The World Health Organization (WHO) encourages African countries to promote safe and effective traditional medicines to improve the well-being of their populations. Indeed, plants have been used for centuries as a reliable source of treatment for various illnesses across different regions 4 . There has been a recent surge of interest in using remedies derived from medicinal plants 5 . ...
Background and Objective: Plants have been traditionally used as an alternative option to treat infections when conventional treatments fail. The present study aimed to provide local knowledge ofplants used in Benin to treat urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: The study involved questionnaires and interviews with medicinal plant sellers, with 80 participants from markets and shops.This questionnaire helped us gather information on the users’ and sellers’ socio demographic characteristics, the variety of plant species used to treat urinary infections and the preparation and administration methods of the recipes. Results: The study found that 68.75% of respondents were female,with 61.25% aged between 30 and 60. The frequency of medicinal plant use varied based on age, genderand education level. The study identified 29 plants from 22 botanical families. Khaya senegalensis, Ocimumamericanum, Cassytha filiformis, Heliotropium indicumand Caesalpinia bonducwere the most cited specieswith a citation frequency above 20%. Preparations mainly used leaves as decoction and the oral route wasmostly used. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of traditional medicine in treating urinarytract infections in Benin. Evaluating the biological activities of prominent species is a promising area of research
... Quantitative analysis of Cassytha filiformis was undertaken in [1], and the results are listed in Table 2. ...
... An anti-microbial study was undertaken in [1,7] for methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, using 24 hour broth cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. The outcome of the work was that the methanol extract displayed anti-microbial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. ...
... The outcome of the work was that the methanol extract displayed anti-microbial effects on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. [1]. Moreover, Cassytha filiformis Linn has anti-microbial activity against Candida albicans, Staph. ...
Traditional medicine has a lot to give towards the world’s health, especially now that limits to conventional pharmacology has occurred. New scientific methodologies may spark a rebirth in global health research and development if rich and developing countries pooled their research capacities with inequitable collaborations. The Cassytha Filiformis has many medicinal uses. It is a parasite plant that has been used for medicinal purposes and other ornamental purposes in many parts of the world, and has found employment in Siddha, European, Ayurveda and Chinese folk medicine. In this review, the ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological benefits of Cassytha filiformis are discussed.
... As per the research studies conducted Cassytha filiformis is Having Anti-oxidant, Anti-Microbial, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-cancer, Anti-malarial, diuretic, and vasorelaxant activities. Each medicine has its mechanism of action to target the disease [7,8,9]. Since the plant has the presence of many phytochemicals like Alkaloids, flavonoids, Phenolic compounds, Steroids, tannins, and saponins this plant is used to treat multiple diseases. ...
Cassytha filiformis is a parasitic plant called as love vine in English. This is a medicinal plant
used in Siddha and Ayurveda. In the present study, the qualitative and quantitative
measurements of phytoconstituents were done for the Methanol extract. Qualitative studies
showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phytosterol,and Phenolic compounds.
Quantitative analysis showed the results of Alkaloids in 6.9%, Flavonoids in 30.8% and
Phenolic compounds in 55.2%. The HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of Quercetin
flavonoid as 0.12 %. One compound has been isolated and the isolated compound showeda
single spot in TLC with RF value 0.95. FT-IR studies of the isolated compound showed
hydroxy group, aromatic ring and secondary amines, etc.
... Numerous studies have been conducted in the area of phytochemicals, which are naturally occurring in the roots, stem, and leaves of Bridelia micrantha [11,17,18]. These studies have shown that the plant contains essential oil, saponins, terpenoids, cyanogenic glycoside, ester, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, sterols, oxalate, carbohydrates, minerals, anthocyanidin have all been determined to be present in Bridelia micrantha [19]. ...
Helminths in recent times are said to be highly resistant to anthelmintic therapeutics. The level of attention paid to this area is quite low, therefore causing a serious threat to humans and livestock. Helminth’s infection is rampant in developing countries contributing significantly to economic losses and food security in general. This study aims to determine the Anthelmintic properties of methanol extract of Bridelia micrantha (Hochst) Baill leaves. Methods: The anthelmintic activity of helminths was determined by exposure to various concentrations of reference anthelminthic (albendazole, praziquantel and mebendazole) drugs and plant extract. Measurements were taken based on times for death and paralysis. Results: The extract exhibited a concentration-dependent anthelmintic activity against Lumbricus terrestris with significant (p < 0.0001) paralysis and death times when the extract concentrations were 4, 8, 16 and 32 mg/mL respectively. In the presence of 0.125 mg/mL of the extract the reference anthelmintic (albendazole), showed a potentiated activity against the test organism. In the presence of 0.25 mg/mL of the extract the reference anthelmintic (mebendazole), also showed a potentiated activity against the test organism. In the presence of 0.125 and 0.25 mg/ml of the extract, the reference anthelmintic (praziquantel) showed similar results. Conclusion: The extract had anthelmintic activity against L. terrestris and modified the resistance of the organism to albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel.
... aureus, E. coli, andPs. Aeruginosa [41,42]. ...
The plants Acorus calamus, Withania somnifera, Clitoria ternatea, Centella asiatica, Wedillia chinensis, Cissus quadrenqularis are the commonly used plants in South India in day-today life as part of food as well as to treat many diseases as traditional medicine, Cassytha filiformis is a parasite herb which is used in many parts of the world for traditional medicine. Like food, these are consumed for immunity, energy, vitamin and mineral sources as well ashome remedies for certain health conditions. As a medicine, these plants have many Phytochemical constituents which are the reason for their biological activity. Various secondary metabolites were found from these plants including Alkaloids, Terpenoids, Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, etc and multiple biological activities were established by in-vivo and in vitro studies so far. In the future also, studies needto be carried out to bring effective medicines to cure various new diseases in humans.
... Qualitative and quantitative analyses were carried out using the standard methods described by [30,31,32], to ascertain the presence and quantity of metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, proteins, phenols and resins. ...
Aim: To compare the phytochemicals and antimicrobial activities of Pterocarpus mildbraedii Harms and Xylopia aethiopica(Dual) A.Rich Methodology: The leaves of P. mildbraedii and X. aethiopica were collected, washed, air-dried, ground and each extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were analysed for the presence of phytochemicals. Antimicrobial analyses were also carried out on the extracts. Results: Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and resins were found in all the extracts of both plants. As the polarity of the solvents used increased, the abundance of saponins, tannins and phenols increased in both plants. Also the abundance of steroids decreased as the polarity of solvents used increased in both plants. Saponins, tannins and phenols were found to have high percentage composition in P. mildbraedii while alkaloids and flavonoids were very high in X. aethiopica. Generally extracts of X. aethiopica showed more activity against the bacteria than the P. mildbraedii. S. aureus was only susceptible to ethyl acetate leaf extract of X.aethiopica. The Original Research Article Anarado et al.; SARJNP, 4(4): 8-17, 2021; Article no.SARJNP.69706 9 ethyl acetate extract of both plants showed inhibition to the growth of E. coli. N-hexane extract of X. aethiopica was the only extract which showed against the one of two fungi used. Conclusion: The two plants contained many metabolites which have been attributed to the antimicrobial activities exhibited by the two plants. These metabolites should be isolated and the subsequent development of the metabolites in formulation of drugs.
We investigated the host range of Cassytha filiformis L. in the heath forests using six 50-metre transects. Sixteen shrubs and tree species were infected by C. filiformis vines, including two exotic Acacia species. This paper also examined the density and vigour of C. filiformis when infecting the two most preferred and common hosts, the heath native Dillenia suffruticosa (Griff. ex Hook. f. and Thomson) Martelli, and the invasive Acacia mangium Willd. The results suggested that C. filiformis has higher vigour when infecting native hosts than in exotic A. mangium albeit being not statistically significant. The long thread-like stems of parasite were present at relatively high density when infecting A. mangium, regardless of the host conditions. We also assessed the functionality of the haustoria on both D. suffruticosa and A. mangium using histological methods. It was found that C. filiformis can establish a true haustorial endophytic connection with studied hosts. Under controlled conditions, C. filiformis pose as a possible candidate for a biological control agent of A. mangium to curtail the fast spreading of this introduced species in tropical Borneo.
