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Banana passion fruit (Passiflora tripartite L.H. Bailey) is a lesser known species of the genus Passiflora. This fruit typically grows in the Andean region of Ecuador and it is locally known as tumbo, taxo or curuba. The juice of this fruit is highly appreciated in South America. Extracts of banana passion fruit were characterized for their content...
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... This change is attributed to two main mechanisms: first, thermal treatment disrupts cell walls, releasing previously bound or polymerized phenolic compounds; second, heat treatment inactivates enzymes that might otherwise degrade these active molecules (Mandha et al., 2023). The antioxidant capacity of passion fruit thickened pulp is primarily influenced by the types and concentrations of phenolic compounds present (Giambanelli et al., 2020). The results in Table 4 indicated a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, consistent with findings by de Moura et al. (2017). ...
Passion fruit thickened pulp closely resembles fresh passion fruit in both texture and flavor, and pasteurization is essential for extending its shelf life. This study investigates the feasibility of radio frequency (RF) pasteurization of passion fruit thickened pulp under continuous serpentine flow conditions by comparing the effects of continuous RF pasteurization at different electrode gaps (RF-95, RF-115, and RF-135 mm) with traditional pasteurization (PS) on various characteristics of the pulp. The results showed that, while there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the reduction of total bacterial counts (TBC), the heating rate for continuous RF treatment (6.75–7.01 °C/min) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of PS treatment (2.23 °C/min). Continuous RF pasteurization resulted in superior characteristics in terms of color, bioactive components, aroma, and viscosity compared to PS treatment. Additionally, RF treatment significantly increased the total phenol content of passion fruit thickened pulp by 13.1–19.9%, and the ABTS scavenging ability improved by 11.67–13.52% compared to the untreated group. Given the operational safety of the RF equipment and its heating rate, the optimal electrode gap for continuous RF heating of passion fruit thickened pulp was determined to be 115 mm, which resulted in significant enhancements in color, active component content, and retention of volatile compounds. Therefore, continuous RF pasteurization is superior to conventional thermal sterilization methods.
... The bagasse of passion fruit makes an interesting source for the extraction of unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids (96). On the other hand, passion fruit waste has a high content of phenolic acids (97). Among these, it mostly contains anthocyanin, flavonoids, and carotenoids (97). ...
... On the other hand, passion fruit waste has a high content of phenolic acids (97). Among these, it mostly contains anthocyanin, flavonoids, and carotenoids (97). Table 2 presents a summary of in vivo and in vitro tests conducted on various extracts obtained from passion fruit byproducts. ...
Introduction
The review titled Passion fruit by-products as a source of bioactive compounds for non-communicable disease prevention: extraction methods and mechanisms provide valuable insights into the health benefits and industrial applications of passion fruit waste. Passion fruits are a tropical and subtropical vine species, which produces edible fruits. Many food product types can be made from passion fruits. However, during passion fruit processing, large amounts of waste are released in to the environment. This review focuses on extraction methods of bioactive compounds from passion fruit by-products such as leaves, peels, seeds, and bagasse.
Methods
This comprehensive review focuses on the bioactive compounds present in passion fruit by-products, emphasis on their mechanisms of action on non-communicable diseases. It also provides a detailed analysis of the extraction methods used to obtain these bioactive compounds, their potential industrial applications, and the factors that affect extraction efficiency.
Results
This review encourages further research and innovation in utilization of passion fruit waste as a source of bioactive compounds for non- communicable disease prevention and their mechanisms of action. This can advance the circular economy. It also highlights the importance of sustainable and green extraction methods, which have gained attention due to environmental concerns.
Discussion
Unlike previous reviews, this comprehensive article explores the potential health benefits of multiple passion fruit waste products. It also examines the possible applications of these extracts for industrial goods such as food additives, colorants, nutraceuticals, natural antioxidants, and antimicrobial agents. Overall, it contributes new information emphasizing the potential of passion fruit by-products as a source of bioactive, and the findings have implications for the scientific community and industry, promoting a deeper understanding of the health benefits and sustainable practices associated with passion fruit waste utilization.
... Agropec. 11(2): e3874, 2024 https://doi.org/10.19136/era.a11n2.3874 3 amplio rango de actividades que poseen: antimicrobiana (Baydar et al. 2004, Sökmen et al. 2004, antiviral (Giambanelli et al. 2020), antioxidante (Hernández-Moreno et al. 2022) y antiinflamatoria, además de otros efectos biológicos (Lee et al. 2004). Esto ofrece a futuro la posibilidad de utilizar los EP en sustitución de los antibióticos que regularmente se incluyen en las dietas para mejorar la salud y producción de los animales (Chafla-Moina y Silva-Déley 2023). ...
Pig Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome (PRRS) is a disease with economic repercussions for pig farmers worldwide as it causes low feed efficiency and, therefore, less weight gain in the fattening stage. The effect of dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), turmeric oleoresin and capsicum (EP, plant extracts) on the productive performance of fattening pigs and on the health of a herd affected by PRRS was evaluated. Nine-hundred and sixty fattening pigs with an initial average weight of 5.21 ± 0.065 kg was randomly assigned to one of four treatments, T1, control; T2, DHA; T3, EP; T4, DHA+EP. The variables analyzed were weight at day 70 of life (P70), weight at market (PM), daily weight gain at day 70 of life (GDP70), daily weight gain to market (GDPM), feed conversion at day 70 of life (CA70) and feed conversion at market (CAM). T2 and T4 diets exceeded the control and T3 in P70 and GDP (P < 0.05), T2 and T4 did better than the control and T3 in CA70 (P < 0.05). T2, T3, and T4 surpasssed the control in PM (P < 0.05). All pigs had antibodies against PRRS throughout the study, although pigs in the second fattening cycle showed higher IgG values for T2 and T4. The cost of production for T2, T3 and T4 was lower for GDPM, CAM and PM. In conclusion, the treatments T2, T3, and T4 were superior to the control in PM and therefore, the use of DHA and phylogens wasp cost-effective.
... Its content of phenols, carotenoids, and flavonoids gives it the ability to eliminate free radicals that cause oxidative stress (Chaparro-Rojas et al., 2015). It has a higher hypoglycemic and antioxidant capacity than many other fruits (Giambanelli et al., 2020). It is utilized as a preservative in lipid peroxidation (Botero et al., 2007). ...
Banana passion fruit or curuba (Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima) is an exotic fruit liana with fruits of high antioxidant capacity. Its fruits have medicinal, nutritional and industrial properties that make it a product with high nutraceutical potential. This fruit is perishable during postharvest, which is a limiting factor for its conservation. An alternative method for extending the shelf life of fruit postharvest is the use of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), which inhibits the action of ethylene, delaying the ripening process in fruits and, together with low temperatures, preserves curuba for a longer period without altering its nutritional composition. The effect of the application of 1-MCP and temperature on the quality of curuba fruits was determined. A completely randomized design with four treatments was used: control (14°C), temperature 4°C, 3 mg L-1 1- MCP+14°C, and 3 mg L-1 1-MCP+4°C. The variables evaluated in fruits were color, weight loss, respiration, firmness, total soluble solids, and total titratable acidity. The fruits exposed to the 4°C or 3 mg L-1 1-MCP+4°C treatments had higher firmness and total soluble solids, lower weight loss, and lower color index and titratable acidity with a storage duration of 29 d. The fruits subjected to the 3 mg L-1 1-MCP+4°C treatment showed lower weight loss than in the other treatments. The use of 1-MCP together with low temperatures prolongs the postharvest life of curuba.
... The TPC and TFC values included free and insoluble-bound phenolics and flavonoids. In fresh CM fruits, the total phenolic content was dominated by the bound fraction [47,48], whereas its contribution to the total content (free + bound) was altered by drying. The TPC and TFC values of the free fractions of both dried fruits were higher than those of fresh samples, and the contribution of free phenolics became more dominant in the dried samples ( Fig. 2). ...
Cornus mas L. (Cornelian cherry, CM) fruits were dehydrated by solar-drying (SD) and freeze-drying (FD), and in addition to sugar and mineral contents, the free and insoluble-bound phenolics were determined in fresh and dried fruits. After subjecting the sample to simulated in vitro digestion, the change of free and bound phenolics at gastric and intestinal digestion steps was evaluated in fresh and dried CM fruits. In fresh CM fruits, the total phenolic content (TPC) was dominated by the bound fraction, whereas the contribution of free phenolics to the total content (free + bound) became more dominant (731–1439 mg GAE/100 g dw) in the dried fruits. The bioaccessibility (BI%) of TPC from fresh CM after digestion was 193%, whereas it was 18.60 and 48.02% for SD and FD fruits, respectively. The contribution free fraction to the total TPC value was around 28% in nondigested fresh samples and increased to 94% in digested samples; however, in dried samples, it was 64% prior to digestion and only increased to 70% in digested samples. A total of 17 phenolic compounds were identified in CM fruits: chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside were only detected in the free fraction; gallic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol were detected in higher amounts in the bound fraction. The quantity of detected phenolics in the nondigested sample generally decreased from the gastric to the intestinal stage of digestion. The release of phenolics from the fruit matrix and their degradation occurred simultaneously during digestion, and this could be affected by the state of the fruit, e.g., fresh or dried.
Graphical abstract
... The leaves and woody parts have proven to be a valuable source of flavonoids, many of them with important biological properties for the pharmaceutical and medicine industries [15]. Tumbo biomolecules have varied bioactive properties, such as anticancer activity [16], improved lipid digestion [12], antihyperglycemic [17], antidiabetic [18,19], production of functional foods [20], cosmetic products [21], pharmaceuticals [22], and others. ...
... Another group of bioactive compounds present in Tumbo pulp are phenolic compounds; this group of compounds is made up of a large number of phytochemicals, each one with specific biological properties. One of these bioactive properties frequently reported and of interest in food products is the antioxidant capacity, generally attributed to phenolic compounds [17,51]. Alternatively, the bioactive components of Tumbo mucilage can be preserved using processing techniques such as spray-drying with a microencapsulating agent [55] and freeze-drying [63]; both methods allow the preservation of bioactive compounds in the storage period, for subsequent applications. ...
... Several studies of characterization and identification of compounds of Tumbo fruit were carried out. Through techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O), gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (HPLC-ESI-MS) it was possible to identify biomolecules with important biological properties [17,34,[79][80][81]. Ballesteros-Vivas et al. [34] mainly identified phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanones, and other flavonoid derivatives, including proanthocyanidins, in the polar fraction of seed extracts (Fig. 3). ...
Tumbo fruit has potential for industrialization due to its nutritional and functional properties, but scientific knowledge of this species is still limited compared to other species of the same genus, Passiflora. This review compiles the latest scientific advances on Tumbo, which cover the food technological aspects of Tumbo fruit, its uses and its potential as a source of bioactives for different industries, especially food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. The products (nectar, jellies, jams, wines, others) and by-products of the processing of the Tumbo fruit have various nutritional, sensory, and composition attributes for developing new food and non-food products. The potential applications of the fruit and its derivatives are broad, such as cosmetics, drugs, functional foods, and additives; these applications are due to its technological properties and its content of bioactive molecules. The Tumbo biorefinery presents an important perspective, especially for its bioactivity of high biological value for different industries.
... In addition, it has an elevated antioxidant activity and high content of carotenoids (118.8 mg β-carotene), phenols (460.1 mg gallic acid), and flavonoids (1907.6 mg catechin/100 g) (Leterme et al., 2006;Chaparro-Rojas et al., 2014). Specifically, the high concentration of flavan-3-ols (a group of bioactive compounds) has been associated with beneficial effects on human health, such as cardiovascular protection, neurodegenerative diseases, and as an anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-parasitic agent (Giambanelli et al., 2020;Luo et al., 2022). ...
Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima , known locally as poro-poro, is an important native fruit used in traditional Peruvian medicine with relevant agro-industrial and pharmaceutical potential for its antioxidant capacity for human health. However, to date, only a few genetic data are available, which limits exploring its genetic diversity and developing new genetic studies for its improvement. We report the poro-poro plastid genome to expand the knowledge of its molecular markers, evolutionary studies, molecular pathways, and conservation genetics. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome is 163,451 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single-copy region of 85,525 bp and a small single-copy region of 13,518 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR) of 32,204 bp, and the overall GC content was 36.87%. This cp genome contains 128 genes (110 genes were unique and 18 genes were found duplicated in each IR region), including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA-coding genes, and 13 genes with introns (11 genes with one intron and two genes with two introns). The inverted repeat region boundaries among species were similar in organization, gene order, and content, with a few revisions. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on single-copy orthologous genes and maximum likelihood analysis demonstrates poro-poro is most closely related to Passiflora menispermifolia and Passiflora oerstedii. In summary, our study constitutes a valuable resource for studying molecular evolution, phylogenetics, and domestication. It also provides a powerful foundation for conservation genetics research and plant breeding programs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the plastid genome of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima from Peru.
... The chemical characterization of Passiflora species shows a diversity of compounds such as glycosylflavonoids (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin) (Soulimani et al., 1997;Avula et al., 2012, Costa et al., 2016, the alkaloid harmane (Rehwald et al., 1995;Méndez et al., 2001), derivatives of phenolic acid, organic acids, benzophenones, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and flavones (Giambanelli et al., 2020), and a number of compounds with antioxidant activity (Chaparro et al., 2015). ...
... On the other hand, the classes of secondary metabolites found in Passiflora mollisima (Table No. 1) agree with other Passiflora studies (García-Peña et al., 2009;Giambanelli et al., 2020). They have been reported as important components in medicinal applications, particularly alkaloids such as those derived from β-carboline (Freire et al., 2018). ...
Anxiety and depression cause alterations in the physiology of an organism. Extracts from the leaves of several Passiflora species are traditionally used Peru and in many countries as anxiolytic and in treatment for inflammatory problems. This study aimed to determine the neuropharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Niels. & P.Jørg. and its anxiolytic effect on mouse (Mus musculus var. albinus). Anxiety was evaluated with the marble burying test and the depressant effect with the Irwin test (locomotor activity, base of support, wobbly gait, immobility, escape, ease of handling, muscular strength, tight rope, inclined plane, catatonia, nociceptive reflex and death). Doses of 100 mg/Kg/body weight and 200 mg/kg/body weight by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) significantly decreased anxiety levels (p<0.05) in mice, and had a non-significant depressant effect in 11 of the 12 tests, showing a similar direction of correlation between diazepam and Passiflora extract effect. A greater anxiolytic and anti-depressant effects in mice was observed with the extract dose of 200 mg/kg/body weight with neuropharmacological manifestations found where no death was observed at any dose used.
... In addition, it has an elevated antioxidant activity and high content of carotenoids (118.8 mg β-carotene), phenols (460.1 mg gallic acid), and flavonoids (1907.6 mg catechin/100 g) (Leterme et al., 2006;Chaparro-Rojas et al., 2014). Specifically, the high concentration of flavan-3-ols (a group of bioactive compounds) has been associated with beneficial effects on human health, such as cardiovascular protection, neurodegenerative diseases, and as an anti-cancer, anti-microbial, and anti-parasitic agent (Giambanelli et al., 2020;Luo et al., 2022). ...
Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima , known locally as poro-poro, is an important native fruit used in traditional Peruvian medicine with relevant agro-industrial and pharmaceutical potential for its antioxidant capacity for human health. However, to date, only a few genetic data are available, which limits exploring its genetic diversity and developing new genetic studies for its improvement. We report the poro-poro plastid genome to expand the knowledge of its molecular markers, evolutionary studies, molecular pathways, and conservation genetics. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome is 163,451 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure, containing a large single-copy region of 85,525 bp and a small single-copy region of 13,518 bp, separated by a pair of inverted repeat regions (IR) of 32,204 bp, and the overall GC content was 36.87%. This cp genome contains 128 genes (110 genes were unique and 18 genes were found duplicated in each IR region), including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA-coding genes, and 13 genes with introns (11 genes with one intron and two genes with two introns). The inverted repeat region boundaries among species were similar in organization, gene order, and content, with a few revisions. The phylogenetic tree reconstructed based on single-copy orthologous genes and maximum likelihood analysis demonstrates poro-poro is most closely related to Passiflora menispermifolia and Passiflora oerstedii. In summary, our study constitutes a valuable resource for studying molecular evolution, phylogenetics, and domestication. It also provides a powerful foundation for conservation genetics research and plant breeding programs. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the plastid genome of Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima from Peru.
... Mollissima, conocida como "pur-pur" o "curuba", destaca la presencia de polifenoles como los principales compuestos responsables de su actividad antioxidante (Ruiz, 2018;Carvalho et al., 2023). Simirgiotis et al. (2013) indicaron que en la cáscara del fruto de P. tripartita se genera mayor poder antioxidante y fenoles en comparación a la pulpa, por lo que tiene mejor contenido bioactivo en comparación a otros (Giambanelli et al., 2020;Fischer et al., 2021), resultando un incentivo para promover su uso en la preparación de alimentos funcionales y nutraceúticos (Loizzo et al., 2019;Rojas et al., 2021). Es por ello, que en este estudio se plantea como objetivo determinar los cambios en la concentración de polifenoles totales, carotenoides y actividad antioxidante en pulpa y cáscara de frutos de P. tripartita var. ...
Los frutos de Passiflora se encuentran principalmente en las Américas y se caracterizan por un importante contenido bioactivo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar los cambios en la concentración de polifenoles totales, carotenoides y la actividad antioxidante en frutos de Passiflora tripartita (var. Mollisima), conocida como “pur-pur”, en cuatro localidades del nororiente del Perú departamento de Amazonas. Para ello se recolectaron frutos en tres estados de madurez, seleccionado en función del color, y se evaluaron el contenido de sólidos solubles, acidez titulable, actividad antioxidante, mediante ensayo de DPPH, polifenoles totales (PFT), por el método Folin-Ciocalteu y carotenoides totales (CCT) en la pulpa y la cáscara del fruto. Se determinó que el contenido de PFT disminuyó durante la madurez, siendo mayor en la cáscara que en la pulpa. Los carotenoides y la actividad antioxidante, alcanzó 30,4 y 89,96% y 29,74 μg/g y 88,06% en pulpa y cáscara, respectivamente, que el estado de madurez influyó sobre la actividad antioxidante (P≤0,05) y que a su vez está correlacionada, linealmente, con el contenido de carotenoides.
