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A novel biosorbent, Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel-alginate beads was used for chromium(VI) biosorption from aqueous solutions. Biosorption process was optimized at pH 2.0, biomass concentration 1.0 g/L, contact time 60 min, and temperature 30 oC respectively. Maximum uptake capacity of Cr(VI) was calculated at 28.011 mg/g. It was found that the o...
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... In this study, HRP was fixed on the microporous ultrafiltration membrane by porous calcium alginate embedding (Aryal 2019;Meng et al. 2020), and the rich pore structure of the membrane provided an excellent matrix for the loading of HRP, and the small pore size of the membrane promoted the contact between BPA and the catalyst, which catalyzed the conversion of BPA into polymer precipitation and helped its removal. With this design, the ultrafiltration membrane can realize the immobilization and reuse of HRP, while removing the polymer precipitation during the filtration process to obtain purified water. ...
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most widely used chemical products, which is discharged into rivers and oceans, posing great hazards to organisms such as reproductive toxicity, hormone imbalance and cardiopathy induction. With the expansion harm of BPA, people have been paid more attention to the environmental effects. In this paper, the degradation of BPA from the synthetic wastewater using the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase membrane reactor (HPR) was investigated. The immobilized HRP microporous membrane was prepared by the porous calcium alginate method. In addition, the reuse of the immobilized HPR membrane and the measurement of membrane flux showed that the membrane has good activity and stability. Finally, the experimental parameters including reaction time, pH, the concentration of BPA and the dosage of H2O2 were optimized to remove the BPA, and about 78% degradation efficiency of BPA was achieved at the optimal condition as follows: H2O2 to BPA molar ratio of 1.50 with an initial BPA concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the HPR dosage of 3.84 u/ml, the initial solution pH of 7.0, a temperature of 20 °C and a contact time of 10 min.
... The application of biosorption for removal of heavy metals from wastewater has been concidered as an effective procedure for water treatment (He and Chen, 2014). Major advantages of biosorption over conventional treatment methods (precipitation, adsorption, reduction, coagulation, and membrane filtration) is low cost, eco-friendliness, high binding ability, high efficiency of removal metal ions in low concentration, low biological sludge, etc (Aryal 2019). Low cost and eco-friendly biosorption of heavy metal ions using nonpathogenic microbial biomass is generally regarded as safe and it is receiving more attention in recent years (Mishra et al., 2020). ...
The fattening of broilers in Serbia is partially organized through contract production in small family farms that fatten broilers for the needs of large companies. The article contains an economic analysis of this small family farm, which produces about 12 000 kg of chicken meat per year on a small area of 120 m2, with one family member involved all the time and other members helping as needed. Fattening broilers on the farm is organized in two ways: contract fattening up to 1 kg for 25 days and fattening up to 3.5-4 kg for 56 days. In the case of fattening broilers up to 25 days of age, on average, feed costs account for 45%, day-old chicks for 26%, and labor costs for 22%. For broilers up to 56 days of age, the largest average share is feed costs 62.4% and labor costs 26.2%. The price of fattened broilers did not change during the fattening period, so the realized production value was the same in one fattening method and similar in the other fattening method, while cost of production increased in each fattening round, which affected the reduction of contribution margine. In addition to the increase prices of feed mixtures, positive economic results were achieved on the farm, and with contract production, secure purchasing was ensured and risks in production were reduced.
... When the regression coefficient (R 2 ) values of the four isotherm models (Table 3) are compared at different temperatures, the Langmuir isotherm model has the best R 2 (0.9943, 0.9906, 0.9931, and 0.9951) values of Cr(VI) sorption. This suitability can be attributed to the homogeneous distribution of binding sites on the surface of the biosorbent and the monolayer sorption of Cr(VI) ions (Ajmani et al., 2019;Aryal, 2019). Moreover, as seen in Table 3 Where, k 2 (g/mg/min), k 1 (min −1 ), q e , and q t (mg/g) represent the PSO constant of sorption, the PFO constant of sorption, metal sorption at equilibrium, and at time t, respectively (Gupta and Rastogi, 2009 (Bazzazzadeh et al., 2020;Uysal and Kurşunlu, 2011;Bermúdez et al., 2012;Loukidou et al., 2004). ...
Among toxic chemicals, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is one of the most carcinogenic and toxic pollutants that hostiles to the health of both humans and other living things. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) is of great importance to keep our environment clean and tidy. In this study, an easy-make, inexpensive, and natural biosorbent material (Sp-P[5]) was prepared to preserve our environment using a pillar[5]arene based-on sporopollenin microcapsule. The prepared biosorbent was successfully characterized by some techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The biosorbent, Sp-P[5], exhibited an open mesoporous structure richly decorated with multi-amine-containing moieties resulting in enhanced Cr(VI) sorption. The sorption behavior of Cr(VI) ions is satisfactorily adapted from the sorption kinetics pseudo-second-order law and the isotherm models to the Langmuir model at different temperatures. The Langmuir model fits at different temperatures (298–328 K) and the maximum sorption capacities of the Cr(VI) ion ranged from 106.38 to 117.26 mg/g. The thermodynamic calculations reveal that the sorption of Cr(VI) ions on the Sp-P[5] is entropy-driven, endothermic, and spontaneous. The prepared biosorbent was also applied to the natural wastewater samples and different ions (chromate and dichromate). The sorption and desorption experiments showed that the sorption efficiency for Cr(VI) ions of the Sp-P[5] decreased to 70.88 % after 8 cycles. As result, the synthesized biosorbent, Sp-P[5], has outstanding potential in the removal of Cr(VI) ions from water bodies and natural wastewater systems.
... The application of biosorption for removal of heavy metals from wastewater has been concidered as an effective procedure for water treatment 7 . Major advantages of biosorption over conventional treatment methods (precipitation, adsorption, reduction, coagulation, and membrane filtration) is low cost, eco-friendliness, high binding ability, high efficiency of removal metal ions in low concentration, low biological sludge, etc 8 . Low cost and eco-friendly biosorption of heavy metal ions using nonpathogenic microbial biomass is generally regarded as safe and it is receiving more attention in recent years 9 . ...
... The main component of bacterial cell wall is peptidoglycan, a polymer containing N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid that provides the cell form and rigidity (Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick peptidoglycan layer-90% of the cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria possess a thin peptidoglycan layer-20%). At this level, several functional groups (observed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) are available for biosorption: carboxyl, phosphoryl, hydroxyl (involved in the sorption of metals), or amine (involved in the sorption of organic compounds (dyes, antibiotics) through electrostatic interaction) that can attach the pollutants [80]. The anionic functional groups are present in the peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, and teichuronic acids in the case of Gram-positive bacteria, and the peptidoglycan, phospholipids, and lipopolysaccharides in the case of Gram-negative bacteria and can bind especially metal cations [107]. ...
... Biosorption efficiency in different polymer/biomass biosorbents[79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]. ...
The use of biosorbents for the decontamination of industrial effluent (e.g., wastewater treatment) by retaining non-biodegradable pollutants (antibiotics, dyes, and heavy metals) has been investigated in order to develop inexpensive and effective techniques. The exacerbated water pollution crisis is a huge threat to the global economy, especially in association with the rapid development of industry; thus, the sustainable reuse of different treated water resources has become a worldwide necessity. This review investigates the use of different natural (living and non-living) microbial biomass types containing polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids (natural polymers) as biosorbents in free and immobilized forms. Microbial biomass immobilization performed by using polymeric support (i.e., polysaccharides) would ensure the production of efficient biosorbents, with good mechanical resistance and easy separation ability, utilized in different effluents’ depollution. Biomass-based biosorbents, due to their outstanding biosorption abilities and good efficiency for effluent treatment (concentrated or diluted solutions of residuals/contaminants), need to be used in industrial environmental applications, to improve environmental sustainability of the economic activities. This review presents the most recent advances related the main polymers such as polysaccharides and microbial cells used for biosorbents production; a detailed analysis of the biosorption capability of algal, bacterial and fungal biomass; as well as a series of specific applications for retaining metal ions and organic dyes. Even if biosorption offers many advantages, the complexity of operation increased by the presence of multiple pollutants in real wastewater combined with insufficient knowledge on desorption and regeneration capacity of biosorbents (mostly used in laboratory scale) requires more large-scale biosorption experiments in order to adequately choose a type of biomass but also a polymeric support for an efficient treatment process.
... It indicated that a single model is not comprehensive enough to describe the whole process and any single step was not controlling the rate of reaction. (Chien and Clayton 1980;Aryal 2019). Diversified study for IPD model was the requirement (Danish et al. 2012;Ajmani et al. 2019). ...
Biosorption potential of Pennisetum glaucum has elaborated by investigating its kinetic behavior in nonlinear fashion. RMSE values supported the pseudo second order (PSO) and elovich model, but correlation coefficient (R²) values supported the PSO only. Study of intra-particle diffusion model (IPDM) and Boyd plots revealed the multi-linear diffusion pattern of the studied metal ions toward biosorbent. Initially, IPDM was found to be the rate-determining step, however boundary layer diffusion was found to be the slowest step later on. There was no correlation between calculated and experimental values of intercept, calculated by applying mass transfer model. Conclusive findings of Boyd plot supported the governing of biosorption process by film diffusion.
• Novelty Statement
• In this work, biosorption potential of Pennisetum glaucum has been investigating in terms of kinetic studies in nonlinear fashion.
• Biosorbent is obtained from indigenous sources and its processing is easy, which in turns leads to its cost-effectiveness for better removal of toxic materials from waste water streams.
• All related theoretical investigations were summarized for showing biosorption efficiency of this novel material.
... Chromium is the metal that has received the most attention lately for its removal through biosorption (Table 1). Eupatorium adenophorum 10-300 60 28.011 Calcium alginate entrapped [26] As can be seen in this table, the biological materials that have been evaluated are very diverse and show very good efficiency. The strategies using these different biomasses were also very varied since they range from typical batch experiments to continuous flow systems, immobilization techniques or more sophisticated modifications of the biomass, which demonstrates the versatility of biosorption. ...
... This means that the behavior towards biosorbents is different. In this case, the range of pHs considered optimal to carry out biosorption is 2.0-3.0 [14,26]. At low pHs, the biomass surface is highly protonated, offering a large amount of positive charges that attract chromium anions. ...
Biosorption is a variant of sorption techniques in which the sorbent is a material of biological origin. This technique is considered to be low cost and environmentally friendly, and it can be used to remove pollutants from aqueous solutions. The objective of this review is to report on the most significant recent works and most recent advances that have occurred in the last couple of years (2019–2020) in the field of biosorption. Biosorption of metals and organic compounds (dyes, antibiotics and other emerging contaminants) is considered in this review. In addition, the use and possibilities of different forms of biomass (live or dead, modified or immobilized) are also considered.
... The entrapment and cross-linking methods are broadly applied in biosorption of HMs. The use of bacterial cells for removal of HMs may create problems due to low density, small particles size, low rigidity, and poor isolation of solid and liquid phases (Kotrba et al. 2011, Aryal 2019. A number of researchers have successfully immobilised bacterial biomass including agar (Resmi et al. 2010), chitosanalginate (Lin and Lai 2006) calcium-alginate (Paul et al. 2006, Sinha et al. 2012, Kumari et al. 2017, volcanic rocks (Ni et al. 2012), etc. reported the immobilisation of C. glutamicum by a polysulphone matrix for Ni(II) removal, but they found that equilibrium time for this immobilised biomass was much slower than that of raw biomass. ...
... Recovery of metal ions from metal-loaded biomass and reuse of biomass are very important for any successful biosorption process for practical application, as metal ions can be recovered in the concentrated form (Volesky 1990, Daneshvar et al. 2017). On the other hand, the regenerated biomass can be reused to reduce the operational costs (Aryal 2019. The percentage of metal ion desorption from metal-loaded biomass can be obtained from the following relations (Gialamouidis et al. 2009): ...
Discharges of waste containing heavy metals (HMs) have been a challenging problem for years because of their adverse effects in the environment. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent findings on bacterial biosorption and their performances for sequestration of HMs. It highlights the significance of HM removal and presents a brief overview on bacterial functionality and biosorption technology. It also discusses the achievements towards utilisation of bacterial biomass with biosorption of HMs from aqueous solutions. This article includes different types of kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic models used for HM treatments using different bacterial species, as well as biosorption mechanisms along with desorption of metal ions and regeneration of bacterial biosorbents. Its fast kinetics of metal biosorption and desorption, low operational cost, and no production of toxic by-products provide attraction to many researchers. Bacteria can easily be produced using inexpensive growth media or obtained as a by-product from industries. A systematic comparison of the literature for a metal-binding capacity of bacterial biomass under different conditions is provided here. The properties of the cell wall constituents such as peptidoglycan and the role of functional groups for metal sorption are presented on the basis of their biosorption potential. Many bacterial biosorbents as reported in scientific literature have a high biosorption capacity, where some are better than commercial adsorbents. Based on the reported results, it seems that most bacteria have the potential for industrial applications for detoxification of HMs.
Biosorbents are biomass‐based materials that are capable of translocating adsorbate molecules from the bulk liquid phase to their surfaces by means of preferential adsorption. These biosorbents are ample, biodegradable, and inexpensive; they generate minimal or no sludge; they have simple pretreatment methods and are easy to operate; and they have highly versatile or manipulable surface functional groups and constructive surface‐related properties. Thus they have been identified as promising candidates for removing contaminants from wastewater. The physicochemical properties of these sorbents are usually dependent on the phytochemistry of the biomass and their pretreatment synthesis routes. In addition to these conventional classes, new‐generation biosorbents are emerging that have tailor‐made functional groups through surface modification approaches and are augmented with natural polymers using cross‐linkers. Hence, research focusing on using various pretreatment methods in the development of novel biosorbents is increasing. This chapter is intended to comprehensively review the synthetic routes of such novel biosorbents and critically examine their adsorptive capability for removing heavy metal ions, dyes, and other organic contaminants from wastewater. Challenges in the functional integrity, regeneration potential, multi‐contaminant removal capacity, scale‐up ability, material toxicity, and disposal practices for spent biosorbents are collectively explored. Also, the feasibility of using recombinant strains technology with the potential constraints of random mutations, creation of superbugs, plasmid stability, and unsteady diffusional behavior at interfaces have been identified as focus areas for future research.
