Figure 3 - uploaded by Mauricio Diazgranados
Content may be subject to copyright.
QR code size (side) vs. information for the four levels of error correction (L (purple line): 7% of tolerance; M (green line): 15%; Q (blue line): 25%; and H (red line): 30%). Below the lines QR codes are unreadable by most scanners; above the lines they are all readable. Encoded text (including returns):-111 characters: "Photographs: http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/search.php?action=10&irn=10076557&widt h=495&height=640"-219 characters: "US National Herbarium Montanoa josei V.A. Funk (Asteraceae) US Sheet No.: 2325539 | Barcode: 00128657 Specimen photographs: http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/search.php?action=10&irn=100765 57&width=495&height=640"-406 characters: "US National Herbarium Montanoa josei V.A. Funk (Asteraceae) Collection: Cuatrecasas, J., Romero Castañeda, R.; 24768; Holotype; 1959-10-10; Colombia; Magdalena; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Hoya del Rio Donachui, Cancurua. Elevation: 2400-2650 m. US Sheet No.: 2325539 | Barcode: 00128657 Specimen photographs: http://collections.mnh.si.edu/search/botany/search.php?action=10&irn=100765 57&width=495&height=640"
Source publication
The popularity of QR codes for encoding information such as URIs has increased exponentially in step with the technological advances and availability of smartphones, digital tablets, and other electronic devices. We propose using QR codes on specimens in biological collections to facilitate linking vouchers' electronic information with their associ...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... determine minimum size, we tested readability of QR codes with 568, 406, 219 and 111 alphanumeric characters (including spaces), with the four levels of er- ror correction (Fig. 3). All the codes were printed on rough-textured archival paper. Codes were scanned with an iPhone 4® and an iPad 2® using the free version of the software Qrafter (http://keremerkan.net/downloads/). Readable QR codes level H required a minimum size ranging from 1.27 cm (0.5 in) for 111 characters to 2.79 cm (1.1 in) for 568 characters. ...
Context 2
... determine minimum size, we tested readability of QR codes with 568, 406, 219 and 111 alphanumeric characters (including spaces), with the four levels of error correction (Fig. 3). All the codes were printed on rough-textured archival paper. Codes were scanned with an iPhone 4® and an iPad 2® using the free version of the software Qrafter (http://keremerkan.net/downloads/). Readable QR codes level H required a minimum size ranging from 1.27 cm (0.5 in) for 111 characters to 2.79 cm (1.1 in) for 568 characters. ...
Citations
... The introduction of digital data collection and high-throughput phenotyping tools in modern field trials, has made it imperative to design experimental plot labels that are both machine-and human-readable. A machine-and human-readable plot label, by design, displays meaningful human-legible texts about experimental plots alongside a machine-decodable barcode that stores unique identifiers for each plot (Copp et al., 2014;Diazgranados & Funk, 2013;Wu et al., 2020a). The capacity to easily create machine-readable plot labels would ensure the safe deployment of these modern tools in field experiments (Rife & Poland, 2014). ...
The advent of modern tools in agricultural experiments, digital data collection, and high-throughput phenotyping have necessitated field plot labels that are both machine- and human-readable. Such labels are usually made with commercial software, which are often inaccessible to under-funded research programs in developing countries. The availability of free fit-for-purpose label design software to under-funded research programs in developing countries would address one of the main roadblocks to modernizing agricultural research. The goal was to develop a new open-source software with design features well-suited for field trials and other agricultural experiments. We report here qrlabelr , a new software for creating print-ready plot labels that builds on the foundation of an existing open-source program. The qrlabelr software offers more flexibility in the label design steps, guarantees true string fidelity after QR encoding, and provides faster label generation to users. The new software is available as an R package and offers customizable functions for generating plot labels. For non-R users or beginners in R programming, the package provides an interactive Shiny app version that can be launched from R locally or accessed online at https://bit.ly/3Sud4xy. The design philosophy of this new program emphasizes the adoption of best practices in plot label design to enhance reproducibility, tracking, and accurate data curation in agricultural research and development studies.
... There are some consideration and recommendations regarding QR Code implementations, such as type of information, cleanness, and scanning tips (Diazgranados & Funk, 2013). For type of information, QR codes can be use to provide metadata, label information, supplementary information, and links to digital resources. ...
... Overall, the instruments that are integrated into the QR code can be seen at the link https://optometri.universitas-bth.ac.id/laboratoriumrefraction-klinik/. Programming code for creating QR codes is freely available, and there are numerous QR code generation package (Diazgranados & Funk, 2013). Programs for making QR codes are called QR code generators, many are available for free and can be accessed online. ...
The laboratory is one of the important facilities and supports the implementation of learning in tertiary institutions. However, in carrying out practicum activities, students are often constrained by information regarding names, functions, and steps for using instruments. Therefore, the need for information about laboratory equipment is quite important for students. This study aims to produce a website based on a QR code to provide information about the instrument to users and the steps to use it. This research uses research and development methods with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implementation, and Evaluation). The questionnaire is used to measure user responses regarding the QR code and its application. Based on the analysis of the problems found, the QR code was successfully created. This QR code was validated by media experts and instrument content experts and obtained valid results. Users show a positive response regarding the use of the QR code for introducing of Refraction Laboratory instruments. Thus, a website-based QR code can be used to provide optical instrument information to users. However, socialization about its use is very necessary for laboratory users.
... Handwritten labels in images are not readily machine readable, so we employ QR codes to discriminate between collections. QR codes are a popular organizational tool in biological research and have been used to manage DNA extraction from herbarium specimens (Folk et al., 2021), manage museum collections (Sendino, 2013), link specimens with their digital metadata (Diazgranados and Funk, 2013), and link iNaturalist records to physical specimens (Heberling and Isaac, 2018). ...
Premise
Field images are important sources of information for research in the natural sciences. However, images that lack photogrammetric scale bars, including most iNaturalist observations, cannot yield accurate trait measurements. We introduce FieldPrism, a novel system of photogrammetric markers, QR codes, and software to automate the curation of snapshot vouchers.
Methods and Results
Our photogrammetric background templates (FieldSheets) increase the utility of field images by providing machine‐readable scale bars and photogrammetric reference points to automatically correct image distortion and calculate a pixel‐to‐metric conversion ratio. Users can generate a QR code flipbook derived from a specimen identifier naming hierarchy, enabling machine‐readable specimen identification for automatic file renaming. We also developed FieldStation, a Raspberry Pi–based mobile imaging apparatus that records images, GPS location, and metadata redundantly on up to four USB storage devices and can be monitored and controlled from any Wi‐Fi connected device.
Conclusions
FieldPrism is a flexible software tool designed to standardize and improve the utility of images captured in the field. When paired with the optional FieldStation, researchers can create a self‐contained mobile imaging apparatus for quantitative trait data collection.
... QR Codes can be read by any smartphone or tablet that has a camera and internet access and can store a large amount of numerical and alphanumeric information in a reduced print format with shapes and colors that can be customized according to user needs (Diazgranados and Funk 2013). These codes were developed in 1994 by Masahiro Hara, General Manager of Denso Wave Incorporated (https://www.qrcode.com/en/history/). ...
... The modernization of biological collections is a universal and necessary trend to ease availability and access to information. Also, QR codes can have other functionalities in biological collections such as storing digital resources (photos, videos, maps, and documents) of the specimen, ensuring the accessibility of information in many languages, and providing supplementary information such as laboratory tests, bibliographic citations, and type status (Diazgranados and Funk 2013). ...
... However, despite the development of the system in the early 1990s, the use of QR codes was only popularized in the mid-2000s (Schultz 2013). Although there has been an expansion of the use of QR codes in the past few years, there are few records of the use of this technology in biological collections (Blagoderov et al. 2012, Mantle et al. 2012, Schuh 2012, Diazgranados and Funk 2013. The implementation of this procedure in the mollusk collection of the René Rachou Institute/Fiocruz facilitated access to the collection data, in addition to expanding many other facilities for the biological collections, such as an online catalog with multiple functions and information about the Fiocruz-CMM collection. ...
The Medical Malacology Collection (Fiocruz-CMM) was inaugurated in 1993 and is located at the René Rachou Institute in Fiocruz (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil). The collection has about 16,000 limnic mollusks of medical and veterinary importance. Information about each specimen is stored in an electronic Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and is available on the Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA) webpage. A QR Code system was implemented for convenience: it can be printed in reduced format with flexible representation on different surfaces and has a low cost of implantation. A script in PHP language was developed to load the spreadsheet in XLS format using an open-license library, PHP-ExcelReader. A PHP script was created to read and process this spreadsheet line by line and generate individual HTML pages, which were formatted with the Bootstrap tool. Then, the PHP QR code was used to create the images of the QR codes corresponding to each specimen. The QR codes were printed and affixed to the lids of the bottles containing each specimen. Using a device with a camera and internet access, the QR code redirects to the file with the information for each mollusk. The use of QR codes at Fiocruz-CMM facilitates the organization of the collection and allows quick and easy access to information about each specimen.
KEY WORDS:
Biomphalaria; curation; FIOCRUZ-CMM; medical malacology collection; QR codes; zoological collection
... The primary objective of this article is to initiate an academic discourse concerning the utilization of QR codes in the context of biological collection samples [7]. The study presents an innovative system that applies QR code technology to facilitate the registration process of the Botanical Gardens school. ...
... This individualized learning approach can be expanded to group settings, fostering the development of information technology skills in environmental conservation and plant preservation. These findings align with existing research that highlights the utilization of technology to support plant species preservation initiatives [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. ...
... If the mobile device did not build in any QR code reader, the user needs to download the right decoder from google play store and install it on to the device. The generated image files as QR codes were used to identify the lichen specimens from genus to species level along with detailed descriptions such as distribution, habit and habitat, family, nature of thallus, reproductive structure, chemistry (colour tests) and secondary metabolites of each lichen sample and were documented (Diazgranados & Funk 2013). ...
In recent days, biological specimens are digitalized and digital images are available in virtual herbarium for teaching and learning process. Now, there is a need to explore possibilities of usage of barcodes and quick response (QR) codes in developing virtual herbarium for quick access as well as study the taxonomy of repository specimens. In order to establish a virtual herbarium for lichens using barcode and QR code techniques, lichen specimens such as Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J.R.Laundon, Leucodermia leucomelos (L.) Kalb, Heterodernia flabellate (fee) D.D.Awasthi, Parmotrema andinum (Mull.Arg.) Hale, Parmotrema grayanum (Hue) Hale, Parmellinella stuppeum (Taylor) Hale, and Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. were collected from the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India and were identified based on morphological, anatomical and biochemical methods. Moreover, these specimens were preserved in the conventional lichen herbarium as reference materials for future studies. The barcodes and QR codes were generated for all the repository specimens to access the materials as well as to get a complete description of the lichen specimens. The generated barcodes provided the binomial name of lichen specimens along with their accession number. Similarly, the QR codes provided the digital image of lichen specimens along with complete descriptions such as distribution, habit and habitat, growth forms, name of the family, reproductive structure, chemistry, nature of thallus structure and lichen secondary metabolites. From these studies, we standardized a simple, rapid with reproducible protocol to develop a virtual herbarium for lichens to get the digital image and to access the complete descriptions of lichen specimens. This study might be useful for Lichenologists to get information about lichens in digital form and to maintain the lichen wealth for future regenerations without disturbing the lichen biodiversity.
... Data then analyzed using descriptive analysis. QR codes provide a bridge between the digital and the physical world by delivering content to the most used electronic devices [13] In this study, the bridge of physical and digital world was implemented in the development (a) (b) 030037-2 of resin block specimen equipped with QR code that linked to a website (Fig. 1). After trial of several variation of QR code size, the optimum size of QR code was 15 x 15 mm. ...
... This was because bigger size may reduce the aesthetic of the resin block specimen. The dimension of QR code was optimum because the latest smartphone (2011 or newer) has usually macro capabilities allowing them to scan QR codes of 10 × 10 mm [13]. Addition of QR code linked to a website give this product advantage over other similar products. ...
... To mitigate some of these challenges, project management with a tracking system for devices and data can allow interdisciplinary teams to perform quality work while reaching task milestones on time and staying within budget [11,12]. Additionally, project management tracking can reduce the need for excessive post pandemic travel and reduce carbon footprint of research activities. ...
... QR codes have started to surface in the research environment for quick tracking of biological specimens [12,31]. However, current use of QR codes, project coordination tools, and research data management in academic research remains limited. ...
The growing number of multicampus interdisciplinary projects in academic institutions expedites a necessity for tracking systems that provide instantly accessible data associated with devices, samples, and experimental results to all collaborators involved. This need has become particularly salient with the COVID pandemic when consequent travel restrictions have hampered in person meetings and laboratory visits. Minimizing post-pandemic travel can also help reduce carbon footprint of research activities. Here we developed a Quick Response (QR) code tracking system that integrates project management tools for seamless communication and tracking of materials and devices between multicampus collaborators: one school of medicine, two engineering laboratories, three manufacturing cleanroom sites, and three research laboratories. Here we aimed to use this system to track the design, fabrication, and quality control of bioelectronic devices, in vitro experimental results, and in vivo testing. Incorporating the tracking system into our project helped our multicampus teams accomplish milestones on a tight timeline via improved data traceability, manufacturing efficiency, and shared experimental results. This tracking system is particularly useful to track device issues and ensure engineering device consistency when working with expensive biological samples in vitro and animals in vivo to reduce waste of biological and animal resources associated with device failure.
... QR codes on jewelry tags provide information about name, weight and production date.QR codes on biological specimens provide links to photographs, maps, ecosystem notes and citations. 5 In medical hospitals, QR Codes are used for patient identification by printing it on patient's wrist band which contains information like patient's name, identification number, date of birth, sex, ward and bed numbers. 6 In pathological diagnostic labs, QR codes are attached to the test tubes during testing with automated counting machines. ...
Quick Response (QR) codes are the two dimensional barcodes which store a large amount of data in the form of black square modules (dots). They connect physical objects with digital world by providing links to videos, websites and maps. Use of QR codes saves time, energy, paper and enhances the learning process. The purpose of this review is to provide information about structure, types and applications of QR codes in dentistry
... The maximum data that can be stored in a typical barcode is 20 digits in a horizontal direction while a QR code can hold great amount of information in both horizontal and vertical directions. The maximum data capacity for QR code depends on the type of data like Numeric [7089 characters (0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)], Alphanumeric [4296 characters (0-9, A-Z, space, $, %,*,+)], Binary/Byte [2953 characters (8-bit bytes)] and Japanese [2] Kanji (1817 characters). ...
... QR codes on jewelry tags provide information about name, weight and production date. QR codes on biological specimens provide links to photographs, maps, ecosystem [5] notes and citations. ...
Quick Response (QR) codes are the two dimensional barcodes which store a large amount of data in the form of black square modules (dots). They connect physical objects with digital world by providing links to videos, websites and maps. Use of QR codes saves time, energy, paper and enhances the learning process. The purpose of this review is to provide information about structure, types and applications of QR codes in dentistry.
