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The aim of the paper is to identify the impact of the Western Balkans Diaspora
on economic development of these countries, in particular Kosovo. Through qualitative
methodological approaches the paper will review and analyze the definition and
concept of migration, the reasons and factors of migration, migrations theories, the
main destination for...
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The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of financial development and remittances on economic growth across six Western Balkan countries (WBC) using panel data from 2000 to 2017. Previous studies have neglected the effect of financial development and remittances on economic growth with regard to WBC. Based on system GMM analysis, we found...
The objective of this paper is to study the impact of remittances upon the origin country of emigrants. To achieve our purpose, we have performed a quantitative analysis by using the ordinary least squares method (OLS), i.e., the Pooled Regression. The empirical research focused on the influence of remittances on the economic activity in WB countri...
Hardly any studies have investigated the impact of migrant remittances on economic growth (EG) and inequality in the Western Balkans as a whole (WB6). Using the method of instrumental variables (VI), the findings show that while remittances influence economic growth, their inflow also promotes a high level of migration and absorbs a large workforce...
Citations
... Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of export and import on the GDP of six (6) Western Balkan countries (WB or WB6). The Western Balkans is a political and geographical term [16,17] that includes the countries of the Balkan Peninsula which are not yet members of the European Union (EU) [17,18]. WB6 consists of: Kosovo, Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. ...
... The labor force in developing countries, particularly in Kosovo, consistently seeks opportunities to relocate abroad (Hameli and Ordun, 2022). According to Jusufi and Ukaj (2020), the primary drivers for this trend are rooted in political and socioeconomic factors. Kotorri (2010)'s study, conducted with 1,384 Kosovar households in 2007, identified that individuals planning to leave Kosovo were primarily motivated by the prospect of higher wages and dissatisfaction with the prevailing economic conditions. ...
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the relationship between high-commitment human resource management (HCHRM) practices and emigration intentions in a developing country context. It further examines the mediating roles of perceived organizational support (POS) and job satisfaction in this relationship.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the survey method, data were collected online from 407 employees. Structural equation modeling (SEM) in Amos v. 23 was conducted to scrutinize the structural relationships among the variables.
Findings
The study revealed that HCHRM practices do not directly impact emigration intentions. However, they do significantly influence POS, which, in turn, has a positive effect on job satisfaction. Consequently, HCHRM practices indirectly affect emigration intentions through the serial mediation of POS and job satisfaction.
Research limitations/implications
While this study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of HCHRM practices, organizational support, job satisfaction and emigration intentions, it has certain limitations, such as its specific focus on Kosovo and its reliance on cross-sectional data. Future research could explore these relationships in diverse settings and use longitudinal designs for a more profound understanding.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study represents the first empirical investigation into the connection between HCHRM practices and emigration intentions within a developing country context. It underscores the significance of considering not only specific HRM practices but also broader contextual factors and mediating mechanisms, shedding light on how HCHRM practices influence employee intentions to emigrate. The findings provide a unique perspective for organizations and policymakers dealing with emigration challenges in developing countries.
... Many studies have examined labour force migration, mainly focusing on countries that are still developing since in these countries there are higher trends of labour force migration which comes mainly from the high rate of unemployment and low wages, but migration from developing countries also happens for political reasons, high corruption, etc. Most of the research shows that unemployment and low wages are the main factors that push the workforce towards migration (Prenaj, 2017;Jusufi and Ukaj, 2020;Kilic et al., 2019;Eggert et al., 2007;Piyapromdee, 2021;Détang-Dessendre et al., 2004). However, few works have been conducted for the region of Western Balkans regarding labour force migration. ...
... The Western Balkans region (hereafter WB) consists of the following countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia (Lubeniqi, 2020;Rrustemi & Jusufi, 2021;Jusufi & Ukaj, 2020) and all these countries are included in the analysis. The analysis' approach is extended over a long-term period, including the period 1990 onwards. ...
The article explores the impact and dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the transition economies of the Western Balkans (WB) countries-Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia. In this paper, it can be seen a review of the political, institutional, economic and historical circumstances that have influenced the delay in the transition of the economies of the Western Balkan countries and the impact it had on foreign direct investments. Regardless of the time distance, changes in political and economic circumstances and the perspective of EU integration, the countries of the Western Balkans do not attract enough foreign direct investments compared to other countries in transition. The article also explores the performance of foreign direct investments (2010-2021) and the main differences that the countries of the Western Balkans have in the volume, time, sectorial distribution and origin of foreign direct investments. To achieve this goal of comparative analysis and identification, the integrative review method was used.
... The process of bilateral market liberalization is increasing competition and stimulating national reforms to increase quality. But according to Qorraj and Jusufi [16]; Jusufi and Ukaj [17] the importance of trade liberalization between the EU and Western Balkans has been overestimated. These countries have a low level of development, products of low quality compared to those of the EU. ...
... In 2008, together with the emergence of the strategic determination of the Republic of Kosovo towards political, legal and economic integration in the European Union, a document entitled Strategy and Trade Policy of the Republic of Kosovo was drawn up. [3] It contained strategic solutions for the 2008-2013 period. However, it set standards, and these standards would not be allowed to be lowered and was a punishment for the policymakers of the time and for the representatives of the scientific and professional public. ...
In modern market conditions, trade plays a complex and very important role in economic and social development. In Kosovo, trade and market issues are gaining momentum with the beginning of access to the single European market. At the same time, the first modern strategic guidelines in the field of market development and trade policy were created. The trade development strategies of the Republic of Kosovo were the basis for the preparation and adoption of the Law on Trade. Since 2007, the Law on Trade, as an umbrella law, has been regulating the field of trade and markets in the Republic of Kosovo in a modern and comprehensive manner. However, after its adoption, it is necessary to have a timely and accelerated implementation of the created solutions. It is also necessary to have a determined commitment to supplementing and amending as well as changes to this act in the future, as it is a very dynamic field that requires careful monitoring and a full understanding of the changes taking place in the environment. Special attention should be paid to the analysis of the current situation, further developments and regulation of trade of goods in the Republic of Kosovo.
... The Republic of Kosovo has not yet completed transition. This process is characterized by changes of macroeconomic nature [1,2]. In terms of economic structure, Kosovo does not differ much from Montenegro, Albania, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, but Kosovo differs in terms of political problems and the transition process [3][4][5]. ...
This paper aims to analyze the impact of the types of innovations in increasing the sales of Kosovo's enterprises. The findings of this paper confirm the hypotheses that organizational innovations, product/process innovations and marketing innovations have a positive impact on increasing the level of sales. This empirical research was conducted with enterprises in Kosovo, so the main limitation of this research is the non-inclusion of enterprises of Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc. The involvement of enterprises from these countries would provide a broader picture of the research issues for transition countries. This empirical research is of particular importance because it studies the impact of types of innovation on increasing the sales level of enterprises in transition countries. Kosovo suffer from weak enterprises sector and underdeveloped entrepreneurship sector. Without the development of an innovative system of the private sector and the entrepreneurial sector, Kosovo cannot overcome the transition process. Therefore, this paper could be a reference point for the government policies of Kosovo, which should support all enterprises in the development of all types of innovations.
... The social benefits of higher education have attracted less attention than individual benefits, meaning higher levels of education are associated with higher incomes in a general sense. Mincer (1962), 29 Blaug (1965) 30 in their research concluded that the level of education has a direct relationship with the level of investment in each country. Most organizations have increased their staff training budgets. ...
This paper aims to explore the contribution and impact of higher education on the economic growth of the Western Balkan countries, with special emphasis on Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro, and North Macedonia. Hausman – Taylor IV model was used to derive statistical results, while the data used are panel data for the period 2000-2020. Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Serbia were not included in the research because it was not possible to obtain the necessary data for these countries for the given period. The results obtained from this research provide evidence that higher education in these countries has a positive impact on economic growth, namely on the GDP growth of these countries. Some variables are significant and are positively related to the dependent variable, while others are negatively related to the dependent variable. This research is among the few research, or among the first researches that have elaborated on this problem for these countries which are still in political and economic transition. Therefore, it is of special importance for researchers in the field of European and regional integration, education, economics, justice, etc. © 2022 University of Zagreb Faculty of Economics and Business. All rights reserved.
... Countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina, Syria, and Albania have almost half of their citizens abroad ( Fig. 4.b). Apart from that, citizens of Southeast Europe and the Balkans seem to be more disposed to leave their countries (20% in average) perhaps thanks to the geographical and geopolitical ease of transit and because labour market is unable to absorb the high number of job seekers (Jusufi and Ukaj, 2020). In North Africa, the difficulties of crossing borders to Europe are manifested by lower rates (generally between 4 and 10%) but more significant numbers due to the higher number of populations (up to 3.5 million in Egypt and Morocco). ...
Environmental and climatic factors contribute to the range of causes of increased socioecological conflicts, especially in the transcontinental transition areas. However, knowledge of the precise extent and patterns of environmental change driving social and migratory mutations in these areas is still quite limited. In the article we show that the Mediterranean transition fringe will undergo climatic-environmental degradation except from four scattered areas of abundance which are likely to be more affected by human activity by 2050. Through an integral socioecological approach, we found that long droughts are likely to alternate with sporadic intense storms with an impact on the loss of biodiversity, degradation of biocultural heritage, and reduction of ecosystem services. We show trends of forced migration to the places of abundance according to divergent flows especially stressful at European borders (Turkey and Morocco). We anticipate the need of increased international cooperation and intercultural exchanges to identify and address shared challenges.
... Additionally, waste landfill treatment could affect the region's employment and social protection. Currently, about 4.5 million people from the West Balkan live outside their country of origin [79], while unemployment in the West Balkan countries is the highest in Europe. Locals suffer from comparatively low employment rates and a lack of opportunities for young workers, who are consequently forced to look for work outside their country, while those who stay in their country of origin often live in poverty [80]. ...
The aim of this paper is to present a chemical composition and quantities of mining and processing waste landfills material developed during historical mining and smelting. After detailed inspection, it was found that approximately 2.6 gigatons of the waste had been deposited at 1650 sites, covering almost 65 km2. More than half of this material, 55%, is characterized as conventional mining waste, 37% belongs to the processing tailings, and 8% to metallurgical waste. Most of these tailing sites are unclaimed, presenting a source of contamination for nearby communities. According to the literature data collected and additional chemical analyses, in accordance with zero-waste philosophy, about 42 promising locations (c. 270 million tons) could be selected, where various advanced eco-innovative methods of recovery could possibly apply. The areas with the highest prospective recovery are Serbia and Kosovo. In accordance with the metal prices achieved in March 2022, it is estimated that the recovery of tailings could bring up to 18,100 million USD, which is much more compared to the prices of March 2020—10,600 million USD—when the commodity market was governed by the COVID-19 restrictions. In addition to the commercial value of the metals, the environmental aspect should not be forgotten after the application of reuse and recycling concepts.
