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With the global spread of various human-to-human epidemics, public health issues have become a focus of attention. Therefore, it is of great importance to improve the quantitative risk assessment of the construction of resilient cities in terms of epidemic disasters. Starting with the dimensions of social activities and material space, this paper t...
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... can be seen from Table 4 that the city public has the highest demands for traffic functional infrastructure, followed by commercial functional infrastructure. The residential function is only used as a rest place, which has little attraction to the public. ...Citations
... The GIS technique was effectively used for the risk assessment. Similarly, spatial and temporal analysis techniques were also recently used in construction risk assessment [51][52][53][54][55]. The proposed study considered all these techniques for better risk planning and assessment in construction projects. ...
The construction of diverse civil projects is challenging owing to the numerous hazards involved. As a result, risk analysis is essential for civil project selection and construction work coordination. During the construction project planning and programming stages, risk analysis is viewed as the study of undesirable events. Construction risk is susceptibility to any potential loss. As the construction industry is essential to a country’s economy, it is crucial to research and examine various risk detection and management strategies. We develop the model with a real-time case study to analyze the risk in construction projects in this paper. Risk is defined as an estimation of the likelihood, severity, and exposure of all risks associated with a construction stage. We propose the integrated approach for risk assessment in construction projects using the spatial risk assessment and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. We discover the different risks in construction projects from the literature review analysis to the design of the questionnaires. The proposed study records the responses from the various construction projects for prepared questionnaires. We present the National Highway 150 E of India case study to demonstrate the advantages of spatial risk assessment and a GIS-based approach. The outcomes of the proposed study reveal the major risks in construction projects. Therefore, our study recommends a generalized spatial risk assessment and a GIS-based method for various construction projects.
... Establishing a comprehensive multidimensional quantitative index system is crucial for assessing the spatial demand for EVs PCS using objective data and precise analysis methods 19 . Advances in data environments and technology enable the measurement of traditionally unquantifiable data. ...
Under the pressure of carbon pollution and resource scarcity, electric vehicles (EVs) have gradually replaced fuel vehicles as a new trend of low-carbon transformation. However, public charging stations (PCS) face problems such as insufficient quantity and unreasonable distribution. By using multi-source big data, this paper comprehensively analyzes the population distribution, traffic organization, infrastructure, land use and regional economy in the urban area of Jinan, China, and constructs evaluation indicators and spatial demand evaluation model for PCS. We analyse: 1) Distribution of population activity areas on weekday and rest days, high road network accessibility, high density area, high travel road network, commerce, public service facilities, parks, transportation facilities, residential area, high building coverage, high floor area ratio, economic development area and housing price level. 2) The impact of 14 evaluation indicators on space demand. 3) Demand level distribution of PCS in Jinan. 4) The distribution of current PCS and the comparison with the spatial demand model. The method recovers for the lack of comprehensive consideration of factors, intuitiveness of mathematical models, and urban geographic spatial research. This is of significance for predicting the use of PCS in the future and further promoting the whole popularization of EVs.
... The spread of these diseases is often facilitated and accelerated in cities with dense populations, welldeveloped transportation networks, and high levels of human mobility. High connectivity and extensive human movement within these urban environments can significantly impact the transmission dynamics, making it more challenging to control outbreaks (Miguel Ponce et al., 2023;Hao et al., 2023;Reju et al., 2023;Qimeng & Ming, 2023). A review of historical and current epidemics reveals that infectious diseases often originate from specific locations within cities and then spread more broadly. ...
Infectious diseases usually originate from a specific location within a city. Due to the heterogenous distribution of population and public facilities, and the structural heterogeneity of human mobility network embedded in space, infectious diseases break out at different locations would cause different transmission risk and control difficulty. This study aims to investigate the impact of initial outbreak locations on the risk of spatiotemporal transmission and reveal the driving force behind high-risk outbreak locations. First, we built a SLIR (susceptible-latent-infectious-removed)-based age-stratified meta-population model, integrating mobile phone location data, to simulate the spreading process of an infectious disease across fine-grained intra-urban regions (i.e., 649 communities of Shenzhen City, China). Based on the simulation model, we evaluated the transmission risk caused by different initial outbreak locations by proposing three indexes including the number of infected cases (CaseNum), the number of affected regions (RegionNum), and the spatial diffusion range (SpatialRange). Finally, we investigated the contribution of different influential factors to the transmission risk via machine learning models. Results indicate that different initial outbreak locations would cause similar CaseNum but different RegionNum and SpatialRange. To avoid the epidemic spread quickly to more regions, it is necessary to prevent epidemic breaking out in locations with high population-mobility flow density. While to avoid epidemic spread to larger spatial range, remote regions with long daily trip distance of residents need attention. Those findings can help understand the transmission risk and driving force of initial outbreak locations within cities and make precise prevention and control strategies in advance.
... Therefore, we need to comprehensively consider both population and physical spatial factors to analyze epidemic risks. Based on this, we can categorize the sources of epidemic risks into four types: street space, functional space, building space, and population distribution [49]. Street space includes bustling commercial areas, tourist attractions, and densely populated areas; functional space includes public transportation, hospitals, schools, etc.; building space includes residential buildings, commercial buildings, office buildings, etc.; population distribution includes population mobility and population density. ...
Global pandemics pose a threat to the sustainable development of urban health. As urban spaces are important places for people to interact, overcrowding in these spaces can increase the risk of disease transmission, which is detrimental to the sustainable development of urban health. Therefore, it is crucial to identify potential epidemic risk areas and assess their risk levels for future epidemic prevention and the sustainable development of urban health. This article takes the main urban area of Harbin as the research object and conducts a cluster spatial analysis from multiple perspectives, including building density, functional density, functional mix, proximity, intermediacy, and thermal intensity, proposing a comprehensive identification method. The study found that (1) functional density is the most significant influencing factor in the formation of epidemic risks. Among various urban functions, commercial and public service functions have the strongest impact on the generation and spread of epidemic risks, and their distribution also has the widest impact range. (2) The spaces with higher levels of epidemic risk in Harbin are mainly distributed in the core urban areas, while the peripheral areas have relatively lower levels of risk, showing a decreasing trend from the center to the periphery. At the same time, the hierarchical distribution of urban space also has an impact on the spatial distribution of the epidemic. (3) The method proposed in this study played an important role in identifying the spatial aggregation of epidemic risks in Harbin and successfully identified the risk levels of epidemic distribution in the city. In spatial terms, it is consistent with high-risk locations of epidemic outbreaks, which proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. These research findings are beneficial for measures to promote sustainable urban development, improve the city’s epidemic prevention capabilities and public health levels, and make greater contributions to the sustainable development of global public health, promoting global health endeavors.
