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Pseudogilquinia pillersi (Southwell, 1929), scanning electron micrographs; specimens from Epinephelus coioides. 9. Bothrium and everted tentacles. 10. Basal armature, bothrial surface. 11. Metabasal armature, bothrial surface. 12. Metabasal armature, external surface. 13. Bothrial groove and microtriches. Scale-bars = 0.1 mm

Pseudogilquinia pillersi (Southwell, 1929), scanning electron micrographs; specimens from Epinephelus coioides. 9. Bothrium and everted tentacles. 10. Basal armature, bothrial surface. 11. Metabasal armature, bothrial surface. 12. Metabasal armature, external surface. 13. Bothrial groove and microtriches. Scale-bars = 0.1 mm

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Pseudogilquinia pillersi (Southwell, 1929), a poorly known species of trypanorhynch, is redescribed from plerocerci collected from Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1922), Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch et Schneider, 1801) (Serranidae) and Plectropomus laevis (Lacépède, 1801) (Serranidae) off New Caledonia. These were compared with specimens from Let...

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... Fish from our study had a larger average length when compared to groupers from previous studies. Similarly, it has been observed in previous studies that trypanorhynch larvae occurred primarily in larger fish [25,26,42]. ...
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Trypanorhyncha are cestodes commonly infecting marine fish. Numerous studies have detailed the biology of Trypanorhyncha species, but information on the pathological changes produced by these parasites is limited. Dusky groupers are keystone species necessary for the preservation of several marine ecosystems. Considering their vulnerable state of conservation and the efforts being made to culture them, identification of the effects caused by Trypanorhyncha is vital. Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence and pathological changes produced by Trypanorhyncha in dusky groupers from the Canary Islands. The prevalence of trypanorhynch plerocerci was 96%. Grossly, in the abdominal cavity, there were numerous larvae-filled cysts and nodules. These were embedded in abundant fibrosis, producing visceral adhesions. Histologically, affecting the peritoneum, stomach, and intestine there were numerous degenerated encysted plerocerci and extensive deposition of mature connective tissue. These findings indicate that Trypanorhyncha is highly prevalent in adult dusky groupers from the Canary Islands, producing a progressive and chronic response. Furthermore, fish immune system appears to attempt to eliminate the parasites through fibrous encapsulation. Nonetheless, extensive fibrosis may have a detrimental impact on fish health when adjacent cells or tissues are compressed and their functions impaired.
... The earliest report of Trypanorhyncha species from Sri Lanka, named Halysiorhynchus microcephalus was isolated from Himantura imbricate (Scaly Whipray) from the Sri Lankan coast (Southwell, 1929). A specimen at the British Museum of Natural History, which was received from Sri Lanka had been identified as another Trypanorhynch larva, Pseudo-gilquinia pillersi (Beveridge et al., 2007). Since there are a number of Trypanorhynch parasites inhabiting various host species, it was a timely necessity to identify the parasitic species present in swordfish muscles. ...
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Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is a migratory fish commercially exploited due to high export value. Presence of parasites in fish lead to economic losses in the export market and public health issues. This study was conducted to identify the parasite larvae inhabiting swordfish and to determine its phylogenetic origin using ribosomal subunit gene sequence. Parasite samples were extracted from swordfish muscles and five larvae belong to Molicola genus, confirmed by scolex morphology, were used for genomic DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) subunit genes followed by Sanger sequencing. DNA sequences were edited by BioEdit software and assembled by CLC genomics version 8.0. Consensus sequences were aligned with NCBI blast to determine the species status. Isolated larval sequences were best aligned with genus Molicola followed by genus Gymnorhyncha. Out of the two published Molicola rRNA gene sequences, 99% identity was observed with Molicola sp. HP5 isolate from Indonesia. Due to lack of sequence data on other Molicola species (except M. thyristes) for comparison, our sequences were published as Molicola sp. Sri Lankan isolates. This is the first record of Molicola sp. in swordfish from Sri Lanka and the results will enhance the knowledge on the distribution of Molicola species while contributing to expand the genetic information on rRNA coding sequences.
... All specimens were identified by IB and have been deposited in either the British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH), the Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM) or the South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAM). Some of the records used in this compilation have been published previously in, 2001 [1, 3], Beveridge et al., 2000 [4, 5], Campbell & Beveridge, 1996 [8], Palm, 2004 [27], Palm & Beveridge, 2002 [28] and Sakanari, 1989 [34]. Records of adults from elasmobranchs are included only for species in which larval stages have been identified in teleosts ; these are based on both published data and specimens held in museum collections. ...
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Trypanorhynch metacestodes were examined from teleosts from coral reefs in eastern Australia and from New Caledonia. From over 12,000 fishes examined, 33 named species of trypanorhynchs were recovered as well as three species of tentacularioids which are described but not named. Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, including more than 100 new host records. Lacistorhynchoid and tentacularioid taxa predominated with fewer otobothrioid and gymnorhynchoids. Five species, Callitetrarhynchus gracilis, Floriceps minacanthus, Pseudotobothrium dipsacum, Pseudolacistorhynchus heroniensis and Ps. shipleyi, were particularly common and exhibited low host specificity. Limited data suggested a higher diversity of larval trypanorhynchs in larger piscivorous fish families. Several fish families surveyed extensively (Blenniidae, Chaetodontidae, Gobiidae, Kyphosidae and Scaridae) yielded no trypanorhynch larvae. The overall similarity between the fauna of the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia was 45%. Where available, information on the adult stages in elasmobranchs has been included.
... Dollfusiella spinulifera Beveridge, Neifar & Euzet, 2004 muscular bulbs, however, is relatively uniform and such differences have rarely been described in trypanorhynchs. Pseudogilquinia pillersi (Southwell, 1929) is one of the very few examples in which the lengths of the scolex and the bulbs varied drastically in specimens from the redescription by Beveridge et al. (2007) and type-specimens of the original description (i.e. scolex length: 6.1-12.1 vs 10.1-14.7 mm, respectively; bulb length: 2.0-2.6 vs 3.0-5.5 mm, respectively). ...
... scolex length: 6.1-12.1 vs 10.1-14.7 mm, respectively; bulb length: 2.0-2.6 vs 3.0-5.5 mm, respectively). Although Beveridge et al. (2007) admitted that the new material might represent a different species of Pseudogilquinia Bilqees & Khatoon, 1980, they retained the specimens tentatively in a single species, due to the limited information on variability within the species (Beveridge et al., 2007). ...
... scolex length: 6.1-12.1 vs 10.1-14.7 mm, respectively; bulb length: 2.0-2.6 vs 3.0-5.5 mm, respectively). Although Beveridge et al. (2007) admitted that the new material might represent a different species of Pseudogilquinia Bilqees & Khatoon, 1980, they retained the specimens tentatively in a single species, due to the limited information on variability within the species (Beveridge et al., 2007). ...
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Sampling of a large number of elasmobranchs from coastal waters off Borneo revealed the presence of five new species of Dollfusiella Campbell & Beveridge, 1994 (Trypanorhyncha: Eutetrarhynchidae), namely D. angustiformis n. sp., D. hemispinosa n. sp., D. spinosa n. sp., D. imparispinis n. sp. and D. parva n. sp. Dollfusiella angustiformis n. sp. is described from the spiral intestines of four species of the dasyatid stingray genus Himantura Müller & Henle from both the Indonesian and Malaysian parts of Borneo. All the other species were obtained from Malaysian Borneo. Dollfusiella hemispinosa n. sp. is described from the spiral intestines of three species of Himantura, whereas D. spinosa n. sp. was obtained from several specimens of Pastinachus solocirostris Last, Manjaji & Yearsley (Dasyatidae) as well as from Taeniura lymma 1 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012) (Dasyatidae), Neotrygon kuhlii 2 (sensu Naylor et al., 2012) (Dasyatidae), and Glaucostegus cf. typus (sensu Naylor et al., 2012) (Rhinobatidae). Dollfusiella imparispinis n. sp. is described from the spiral intestine of a single specimen of Chiloscyllium punctatum Müller & Henle (Hemiscyllidae) from the South China Sea off Sarawak, whereas D. parva n. sp. was obtained from several species of Himantura. Specimens of the five novel taxa possess scoleces covered with enlarged microtriches, a morphological characteristic exhibited by several other congeners. However, the new species differ from all congeners by possessing unique patterns of oncotaxy as well as combinations of additional morphological features. The number of valid species within Dollfusiella is increased to 26. For this reason, a key for the species of Dollfusiella is provided. Furthermore, novel information on hosts and geographic distribution is provided for two previously described species of Dollfusiella, D. michiae (Southwell, 1929) and D. spinulifera (Beveridge & Jones, 2000). The latter species differs slightly from the original description and shows a much higher variability with regard to the lengths of the scolex and muscular bulbs and the number of testes. These variable characters subdivided specimens of D. spinulifera into relatively distinct groups. However, the specimens did not differ in their oncotaxy and are considered to represent a single variable species.
... The findings presented here build on a growing body of work that demonstrates that species of Plectropomus are subject to infection with a very wide range of parasites. There are now records of ciliates (Mori et al. 2007), copepods (Boxshall et al. 2008;Ho and Dojiri 1977;1966a, Kabata 1966b, 1991Lewis 1964), myxosporeans (Abdel-Ghaffar et al. 2012; Gunter and Adlard 2009), nematodes (Doupé et al. 2003;Justine 2011;Jabbar et al. 2012), cestode larvae (Abu-Zinada 1998; Campbell and Beveridge 1987;Beveridge et al. 2007), monogeneans (Deveney and Whittington 2010;Justine and Euzet 2006;Young 1967Young , 1969, and especially a wide range of trematodes (in addition to the bucephalids reviewed above): Acanthocolpidae ), Aporocotylidae (Nolan and Cribb 2004;Overstreet and Køie 1989), Hemiuroidea 1993a (Bray et al. 1993b) and Opecoelidae (Bray and Cribb 1989;Bray and Justine 2007;Durio and Manter 1968a, b;Manter 1963;Shen 1990). Given that much of this work is recent, it seems likely that there remains much to be reported from the genus. ...
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We examined four species of Plectropomus Oken, 1817 (Serranidae: Epinephelinae), Plectropomus areolatus (Rüppell), Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède), Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) and Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch) from sites off Heron Island and Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR), and the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia. Three new species of Neidhartia Nagaty, 1937, five new species of Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905, and one previously described species, Prosorhynchus freitasi Nagaty, 1937, are characterised. The three species of Neidhartia, Neidhartia haywardi n. sp., Neidhartia plectropomi n. sp. and Neidhartia tyleri n. sp. are readily distinguishable morphologically. Two of the six species of Prosorhynchus (Prosorhynchus lesteri n. sp. and Prosorhynchus wrightae n. sp.) are easily distinguished from their other congeners by morphology but the other four species (P. freitasi, Prosorhynchus heronensis n. sp., Prosorhynchus munozae n. sp. and Prosorhynchus plectropomi n. sp.) are generally similar in morphology and were only distinguished initially by comparing their ITS2 rRNA sequences. Three additional taxa, one from the GBR and two from French Polynesia, were recognised as distinct on the basis that their ITS2 rRNA sequences differed from those of the new taxa described here; these species remain unnamed for the present. Inter-specific divergence observed within these genera in the ITS2 rRNA ranged from 10 to 42 base pairs (4-16 %) for species of Neidhartia and 2-57 base pairs (3-21 %) for species of Prosorhynchus. Inter-generic divergences were 42-55 base pairs (17-21 %). No intraspecific variation in the ITS2 rRNA region was observed for any of the six species for which multiple sequence replicates were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of 12 operational taxa from Plectropomus together with sequences of three other species from epinepheline serranids demonstrated that Neidhartia and Prosorhynchus were reciprocally monophyletic with the exception that P. wrightae n. sp. fell either within or basal to the Neidhartia species. The richness of bucephalids in species of Plectropomus appears to be exceptional within the Serranidae relative to that observed in other serranid genera in the tropical Indo-West Pacific.
... As a consequence, such larvae are difficult to accurately identify using the morphological criteria upon which cestode taxonomy is based (e.g., Joyeux and Baer, 1961), with the notable exception of elasmobranch cestodes of the order Trypanorhyncha, whose larvae develop taxonomicallydistinctive hooked tentacles that identify them to species as preadults (e.g., Campbell and Beveridge, 1994;Palm, 2004). In fact, although most cestode species descriptions are based on adult specimens, some trypanorhynch species descriptions are based solely on larval specimens extracted from bony fish or invertebrate intermediate hosts, leaving the morphological features of the adult and the identity of the definitive elasmobranch host indeterminate (e.g., Palm, 2004;Beveridge et al., 2007). ...
Article
Life-cycles of marine tapeworms of the orders Tetraphyllidea and Rhinebothriidea are poorly known primarily because their larvae typically lack species level, taxonomically distinguishing adult characteristics and using morphology they can be identified to genus, family or order only. This large-scale study conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico includes adult cestodes (25 species) collected from sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii, eight species) and larval cestodes (27 species) collected from teleosts (Neopterygii, 46 species), bivalves and gastropods (Mollusca, 24 species), and shrimps (Crustacea, five species), comprising a phylogenetically (75 species in three phyla, 14 orders and 46 families) and ecologically (e.g., benthic, epibenthic, pelagic, euryhaline, stenohaline) diverse array of hosts of larval cestode. Molecular biology and morphology informed larval identification and facilitated the circumscription of suites of morphological features representing distinct larval types (i.e., collective groups). A total of 198 specimens comprising adult and larval tetraphyllideans and rhinebothriideans assigned to 12 genera were characterized for the partial (D1-D3) lsrDNA gene and analyzed separately and in combination with data derived from species belonging to an additional 21 genera available from GenBank. Eight larval types were identified and matched to one or several genera of Tetraphyllidea or Rhinebothriidea; morphological variation within these larval types was also documented. In combination with published reports of unique larval morphologies, 15 larval types were established and a key to their larvae presented. Overall, teleosts figured prominently in the life-cycles of tetraphyllideans and rhinebothriideans. Intermediate host specificity at the level of cestode genus was euryxenous, but limited host records suggest that host specificity at the level of cestode species may be more strict. To our knowledge, this is the first published study that approaches the elucidation of marine tapeworm life-cycles by incorporating morphological, molecular biological and phylogenetic methods using specimens collected on a regional scale and from wild-caught hosts from four metazoan phyla.
... pipetted into boiling saline , to obtain everted tentacles . Digeneans and cestodes from the intestinal lumen were pipetted alive in near - boiling saline . Copepods were examined and dissected according to routine methods ( Boxshall et al . 2008 ) . Permanent slides were made of monogeneans , digeneans and cestodes according to routine methods ( Beveridge et al . 2007 ; Bray & Justine 2006 ; Justine 2005 , respectively ) . Nematodes were fixed alive in near - boiling 4% formalin , or sometimes in boiling 70% ethanol or near - boiling saline , and later examined in glycerine ; specimens were also prepared for scanning electron microscopy ( Moravec & Justine 2010 ) . Tetraphyllidean cestode larvae , wh ...
... Curiously , and probably of significance , the pseudotobothriid Pseudotobothrium dipsacum ( Linton ) , also a widespread species in serranids , was not found in lethrinids perhaps hinting at differences in host diet . Otobothrium parvum was recently described from adults from the shark Triaenodon obesus in New Caledonia ( Beveridge & Justine 2007 ) , and the finding of larvae in L . rubrioperculatus allows insight into the life cycle of the species . ...
... recently described from adults from the shark Triaenodon obesus in New Caledonia ( Beveridge & Justine 2007 ) , and the finding of larvae in L . rubrioperculatus allows insight into the life cycle of the species . Pseudogilquinia microbothria was recently redescribed from larvae found in serranids in New Caledonia and in lethrinids in Australia ( Beveridge et al . 2007 ) . The present finding of larvae in L . miniatus confirms that these two families are part of the life - cycle of this species in both locations . Trypanobatoidans included one species , Nybelinia goreensis . The Tentaculariidae originated in rays and show evidences of several host switches to and from sharks ( Olson et al . 2010 ) . T ...
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Parasites were collected from 17 species of emperors and emperor bream (Lethrinidae) in the waters off New Caledonia, South Pacific. Host-parasite and parasite-hosts lists are provided, with a total of 188 host-parasite combinations (11 per fish species), including 81 identifications at the species level. A total of 52 parasites were identified at the species level, and 40 new host records were found. Results are presented for larval isopods, copepods (16 species), monogeneans (24), digeneans (27), cestodes (11) and nematodes (10). When results were restricted to the four best-sampled fish species for which more than 30 specimens were examined, the number of host-parasite combinations was 22.25 per fish species, and the number of parasite taxa identified at the species level was 9.5 per fish species. From these data, the total number of metazoan parasite species predicted from all lethrinid species of New Caledonia, based on a classification of fish sizes using length in three categories, is 340, i.e. 13 per fish species. A biogeographical comparison with Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef (Queensland, Australia) was possible only for a single fish species, Lethrinus miniatus: in a total of 65 host-parasite combinations, only five taxa identified at the species level (three monogeneans and two digeneans) were shared at both localities. Parasite biodiversity in lethrinids was of similar magnitude to that in groupers (Serranidae Epinephelinae) in the same area, and this study confirms a previous prediction of 10 parasite species per coral reef fish species. Although this study required significant sampling and identification, we estimate that only 13% of the parasites of lethrinids are known in New Caledonia.
... Adult bothriocephalidean cestodes have not yet been described from groupers, discounting the unpublished finding of Yuniar (2005), who reported tapeworms tentatively identified as Bothriocephalus sp. from Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton) off Indonesia. Only larval trypanorhynchs (Palm, 2004; Beveridge et al., 2007; Abdou & Palm, 2008; Justine, 2008) are known from groupers. The finding of B. celineae in the hybrid C. aurantia 9 C. spiloparaea is exceptional for several reasons: (a) it was the only adult bothriocephalidean cestode found in hundreds of examined groupers (epinepheline serranids); (b) it was found in an hybrid specimen, rarely found in the wild (Randall & Justine, 2008); and (c) the fish specimen was caught at some depth off the outer slope of the reef. ...
Article
Two new species of bothriocephalidean tapeworms, Bothriocephalus australis n. sp. from the flatheads Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier (type host) and P. aurimaculatus Knapp off southern Australia and B. celineae n. sp. from a hybrid serranid Cephalopholis aurantia (Val.) x C. spiloparaea (Val.) from off New Caledonia, are described. B. australis is unique in the possession of the combination of the three characters: an elongate, obliquely situated cirrus-sac; a wide genital atrium surrounded by chromophilic cells; and a well-developed apical disc. B. celineae is typified by the presence of a low number of testes per segment (14-26), forming one or two incomplete longitudinal bands on each side of segment, and the small size of the strobila (total length 24 mm) which consists of less than 100 segments.
... The fish was spear-fished (18.v.2005, 22°19'114S, 166°27'092E) and immediately brought back to the laboratory, photographed and measured (fork length 1280 mm, weight 45 kg). Other parasites collected in this fish have already been described (digeneans: Bray & Justine 2006; trypanorhynch cestodes: Beveridge et al. 2007). A second, much smaller (fork length 395 mm, weight 795 g) specimen (designated as JNC2130) was spearfished in Baie Maa, New Caledonia (9.iii.2007, ...
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Eleven species were differentiated among more than 300 monogeneans collected on the gills of two wild malabar groupers, Epinephelus malabaricus, caught in the lagoon of New Caledonia, South Pacific. Diplectanids included seven species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958, which were differentiated mainly on the basis of morphology of the sclerotised vagina. P. manifestus n. sp. was the most abundant species ( 65 - 80% of the diplectanids); all other species were rare. It is characterised by morphology of its vagina, in general shape of a question mark. P. malabaricus n. sp. and P. maternus n. sp. both have a vagina with two spherical chambers, and are differentiated on the basis of measurements of these chambers. P. manipulus n. sp. has an elongate vagina with a long primary chamber. P. marcellus n. sp. has a long vagina with two bends. P. maaensis n. sp. has a long vagina with a straight primary canal and the two chambers united in a common sclerotised part. Two specimens were provisorily attributed to P. cf. shenzhenensis Yang, Zeng & Gibson, 2005. Diplectanum maa n. sp. has a funnel-shaped male copulatory organ. Two species of Haliotrema (Ancyrocephalidae) and Pseudomegalocotyla sp. (Capsalidae) are mentioned but not described. The presence of 11 species of monogeneans in this fish, after a previous published record of 12 species in E. maculatus, provides additional argument for existence of a very rich fauna of monogeneans in groupers, and an impressive parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish in general. Lists are given for other parasites of the malabar grouper, including monogeneans, digeneans, cestodes and nematodes, including new records from New Caledonia; more than 40 parasite species have been recorded in the literature. The malabar grouper is a major fish for aquaculture in South East Asia and a precise description of its parasites is needed for identification of potential threats to farmed fish.
... The fish was spear-fished (18.v.2005, 22°19'114S, 166°27'092E) and immediately brought back to the laboratory, photographed and measured (fork length 1280 mm, weight 45 kg). Other parasites collected in this fish have already been described (digeneans: Bray & Justine 2006; trypanorhynch cestodes: Beveridge et al. 2007). A second, much smaller (fork length 395 mm, weight 795 g) specimen (designated as JNC2130) was spearfished in Baie Maa, New Caledonia (9.iii.2007, ...
Article
Full-text available
Eleven species were differentiated among more than 300 monogeneans collected on the gills of two wild malabar groupers, Epinephelus malabaricus, caught in the lagoon of New Caledonia, South Pacific. Diplectanids included seven species of Pseudorhabdosynochus Yamaguti, 1958, which were differentiated mainly on the basis of morphology of the sclerotised vagina. P. manifestus n. sp. was the most abundant species (65–80% of the diplectanids); all other species were rare. It is characterised by morphology of its vagina, in general shape of a question mark. P. malabaricus n. sp. and P. maternus n. sp. both have a vagina with two spherical chambers, and are differentiated on the basis of measurements of these chambers. P. manipulus n. sp. has an elongate vagina with a long primary chamber. P. marcellus n. sp. has a long vagina with two bends. P. maaensis n. sp. has a long vagina with a straight primary canal and the two chambers united in a common sclerotised part. Two specimens were provisorily attributed to P. cf. shenzhenensis Yang, Zeng & Gibson, 2005. Diplectanum maa n. sp. has a funnel-shaped male copulatory organ. Two species of Haliotrema (Ancyrocephal-idae) and Pseudomegalocotyla sp. (Capsalidae) are mentioned but not described. The presence of 11 species of monogeneans in this fish, after a previous published record of 12 species in E. maculatus, provides additional argument for existence of a very rich fauna of monogeneans in groupers, and an impressive parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish in general. Lists are given for other parasites of the malabar grouper, including monogeneans, digeneans, cestodes and nematodes, including new records from New Caledonia; more than 40 parasite species have been recorded in the literature. The malabar grouper is a major fish for aquaculture in South East Asia and a precise description of its parasites is needed for identification of potential threats to farmed fish.