Protective health benefits of lignans. Lignans are polyphenolic phytochemicals that have varying biological activities under several contexts. Lignan containing diets or supplements can support general health as well as target many diseases.

Protective health benefits of lignans. Lignans are polyphenolic phytochemicals that have varying biological activities under several contexts. Lignan containing diets or supplements can support general health as well as target many diseases.

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Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral,...

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... lignans have a long history of purported health benefits [25,28,38,304] ( Figure 5). For cancer, flaxseed is consumed for both chemopreventive and treatment purposes [15,318,446,447]. ...

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... The most characteristic of flax seeds is the lignan which has antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibits estrogenic/anti-estrogenic activities. These activities are crucial for flaxseed beneficial for health as reducing the risk and prevention of some types of hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and type-2 diabetes (De Silva & Alcorn, 2019;Imran et al., 2015). ...
... Flaxseed is also rich in lignans, which are important polyphenols in the context of anticancer effects. Plant substances such as polyphenols are also generally considered to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, etc. effects [77]. Lignans contained in linseed also have anti-cancer properties and may be promising chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive substances [39]. ...
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Bioactive molecules present in plant products determine their very valuable health-promoting properties. Among the plants, due to these properties, particular attention is paid to the seeds of common flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), which have been used for over 6000 years and are known for their benefits. A review of 117 scientific articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library, published between 1997 and 2024, was conducted. These seeds are characterized by a high content of valuable nutrients, such as essential omega-3 fatty acids, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, isoflavones, phytoestrogens, flavonoids, vitamins, and minerals that influence the digestive system function and have anti-cancer properties. The presence of these bioactive compounds in flaxseeds provide anti-cancer properties.
... Phenolic acids and flavonoids identified in the seeds show anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, or anticancer properties [20]. Flax seeds lignan secoisolariciresinol is reported as a key compound in preventing hormone-dependent cancers [21], diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases [22]. ...
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Abstract Fermented vegetable spreads could offer an opportunity to diversify the range of plant-based foods. The challenge in developing the spreads is to achieve high quality, including stable consistency, consumer desirability and high nutritional value. The aim was to evaluate the application of chia and flaxseed meal for fermented zucchini-cucumber spread production. The effect on the chemical composition, phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality of the vegetable spread was evaluated. Its color, viscosity, and microstructure were also analyzed using instrumental methods. The meal addition varied from 4.0 to 14.0%. The spread with meal addition had higher fat, protein, ash, and dietary fiber content than the control. Total free phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity also increased, and chia seed meal impacted the parameters more. On the contrary, flaxseed meal improved more the product’s consumer desirability than chia. Both were effective gelling agents that increased viscosity and enhanced product spreadability, and only flaxseed meal showed a masking ability. Its addition reduced the perception and intensity of the bitter, tart, and sour taste. The spread formula consisting of fermented zucchini and cucumber with 9 to 11.5% flaxseed meal addition was the most recommended to achieve the product with high consumer desirability.
... The high affinity of polyphenols, like ML, to highly perfused organs such as the heart be could the possible reason for such an observation. 93 Figure 4 illustrates a summary of the ADME and tissue distribution profile of ML. ...
... Natural compounds and their analogs are pivotal in drug discovery, especially in oncology [10]. Natural compounds, notably dietary lignans found in sources like f laxseeds, hold the potential for cancer treatment and metastasis prevention [11,12]. Various dietary lignans such as lariciresinol, pinoresinol, and medioresinol demonstrate significant regulatory effects on different cancer metastases [13]. ...
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Matairesinol (MAT), a plant lignan renowned for its anticancer properties in hormone-sensitive cancers like breast and prostate cancers, presents a promising yet underexplored avenue in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). To elucidate its specific therapeutic targets and mechanisms, our study adopted an integrative approach, amalgamating network pharmacology (NP), bioinformatics, GeneMANIA-based functional association (GMFA), and experimental validation. By mining online databases, we identified 27 common targets of mPC and MAT, constructing a MAT-mPC protein–protein interaction network via STRING and pinpointing 11 hub targets such as EGFR, AKT1, ERBB2, MET, IGF1, CASP3, HSP90AA1, HIF1A, MMP2, HGF, and MMP9 with CytoHuba. Utilizing DAVID, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis highlighted metastasis-related processes such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition, positive regulation of cell migration, and key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, including cancer, prostate cancer, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling, while the web resources such as UALCAN and GEPIA2 affirmed the clinical significance of the top 11 hub targets in mPC patient survival analysis and gene expression patterns. Our innovative GMFA enrichment method further enriched network pharmacology findings. Molecular docking analyses demonstrated substantial interactions between MAT and 11 hub targets. Simulation studies confirmed the stable interactions of MAT with selected targets. Experimental validation in PC3 cells, employing quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR and various cell-based assays, corroborated MAT’s antimetastatic effects on mPC. Thus, this exhaustive NP analysis, complemented by GMFA, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and experimental validations, underscores MAT’s multifaceted role in targeting mPC through diverse therapeutic avenues. Nevertheless, comprehensive in vitro validation is imperative to solidify these findings.
... The previous studies have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrates the ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis, linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) through direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for lignans, a ubiquitous and important type of dietary polyphenol present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed [194,195]. ...
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Cancer continues to be a prominent issue in healthcare systems, resulting in approximately 9.9 million fatalities in 2020. It is the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Although there are difficulties in treating cancer at both the genetic and phenotypic levels, many cancer patients seek supplementary and alternative medicines to cope with their illness, relieve symptoms, and reduce the side effects of cytotoxic drug therapy. Consequently, there is an increasing emphasis on studying natural products that have the potential to prevent or treat cancer. Cancer cells depend on multiple hallmarks to secure survival. These hallmarks include sustained proliferation, apoptosis inactivation, stimulation of angiogenesis, immune evasion, and altered metabolism. Several natural products from food were reported to target multiple cancer hallmarks and can be used as adjuvant interventions to augment conventional therapies. This review summarizes the main active ingredients in food that have anticancer activities with a comprehensive discussion of the mechanisms of action. Thymoquinone, allicin, resveratrol, parthenolide, Epigallocatechin gallate, and piperine are promising anticancer bioactive ingredients in food. Natural products discussed in this review provide a solid ground for researchers to provide effective anticancer functional food.
... Furthermore shows the effectiveness of CCF-HIONP action as HIFU-SPS and its activation by PDT, HIFU-SDT and HIFU-SPDT, which eliminated benzo[a]pyrene, the primary ROS source, causing a rise in antioxidant enzyme activities and a transition from a cancerous state to a state that is almost normal. Our results agreed with previous studies (Makawy et al. 2022;Selek et al. 2018;Silva and Alcorn 2019). ...
... In the benzo[a]pyrene LCA-induced groups in our investigation, there was a substantial increase in ALT and AST, suggesting liver cell damage. Elevated levels of several liver enzymes in serum are associated with cellular leakage of those enzymes into the bloodstream, which is indicative of damage to the hepatocyte's integrity in the cell membrane (Rajendran et al. 2008;Kamaraj et al. 2009;Omidian et al. 2017;Du et al. 2021;Jasim et al. 2019;Velli et al. 2019;Abdulrahman et al. 2020;Dardeer et al. 2021b;Nithya et al. 2023;Makawy et al. 2022;Selek et al. 2018;Silva and Alcorn 2019;Asha and Girija 2011;Kim et al. 2024). The current study discovered that CCF-HIONP decreased ALT and AST levels, indicating liver protection. ...
... Due to this congestion, results in an elevation in interstitial renal pressure over the entire capillary and tubule system. The findings of this investigation support previous findings by showing that, compared to control normal mice, benzo[a]pyrene LCA-induced mice had decreased renal function (Rajendran et al. 2008;Kamaraj et al. 2009;Omidian et al. 2017;Du et al. 2021;Abd El-Kaream et al. 2023;Deng et al. 2018;Jasim et al. 2019;Velli et al. 2019;Abdulrahman et al. 2020;Dardeer et al. 2021b;Nithya et al. 2023;Makawy et al. 2022;Selek et al. 2018;Silva and Alcorn 2019;Asha and Girija 2011;Kim et al. 2024;Sakthivel et al. 2019;Lei et al. 2023;Zhang et al. 2021). The current study discovered that CCF-HIONP decreased serum levels of creatinine and urea, which evoke kidney protection. ...
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Background Sono-photodynamic therapy (SPDT), which combines photodynamic (PDT) and sonodynamic (SDT) therapies with sensitizers, offers new avenues for cancer treatment. Even though new sensitizers for SPDT have been synthesized with great success, few of them are effectively used. The limited tumor-targeting specificity, inability to transport the sensitizers deeply intratumorally, and the deteriorating tumor microenvironment limit their anti-tumor effectiveness. The current study was carried out aiming at high-frequency ultrasound-assisted drug delivery of chia, cress and flax conjugated hematite iron oxide nanoparticles (CCF–HIONP) for photothermal–photodynamic lung cancer (LCA) treatment in vitro and in vivo as activated cancer treatment up-to-date modality. Materials and methods The study was conducted in vitro on human LCA cells (A-549) and the study protocol application groups in vivo on Swiss albino mice treated with benzo[a]pyrene only and were not received any treatment for inducing LCA, and only after LCA induction the study treatment protocol began, treatment was daily with CCF–HIONP as HIFU–SPDT sensitizer with or without exposure to laser (IRL) or high-frequency ultrasound (HIFU–US) or a combination of laser and/or high-frequency ultrasound for 3 min for 2 weeks. Results Revealed that HIONP can be employed as effective CCF delivery system that directly targets LCA cells. In addition, CCF–HIONP is a promising HIFU–SPS for HIFU–SPDT and when combined with HIFU–SPDT can be very effective in treatment of LCA–A549 in vitro (cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent basis, the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 was slowed down, and cell death was induced as evidenced by an increase in the population of Pre-G cells, an increase in early and late apoptosis and necrosis, and an increase in autophagic cell death) and benzo[a]pyrene LCA-induce mice in vivo (decreased oxidative stress (MDA), and ameliorated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, GR, GPx, GST, CAT, GSH, and TAC) as well as renal (urea, creatinine) and hepatic (ALT, AST) functions, induced antiproliferative genes (caspase 3,9, p53, Bax, TNFalpha), suppressed antiapoptotic and antiangiogenic genes (Bcl2,VEGF respectively) and effectively reducing the growth of tumors and even leading to cancer cell death. This process could be attributed to photochemical and/or high-frequency sono-chemical activation mechanism HIFU–SPDT. Conclusions The results indicate that CCF–HIONP has great promise as an innovative, effective delivery system for selective localized treatment of lung cancer that is activated by HIFU–SPDT.
... The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream signaling pathways are involved in the development and progression of several human tumors. Based on the results of previous studies on the anticancer activities of flavonoid and phenolic compounds on the inhibition of the EGFR as the kinase pathway [115,[117][118][119][120][121][122], we chose the EGFR as the tested protein in the molecular docking study. ...
... Based on the results of previous studies on the anticancer activities of flavonoid and phenolic compounds on the inhibition of the EGFR as the kinase pathway [115,[117][118][119][120][121][122], we chose the EGFR as the tested protein in the molecular docking study. ...
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Liposomes and niosomes can be considered excellent drug delivery systems due to their ability to load all compounds, whether hydrophobic or hydrophilic. In addition, they can reduce the toxicity of the loaded drug without reducing its effectiveness. Synechocystis sp. is a unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria strain that contains many bioactive compounds that qualify its use in industrial, pharmaceutical, and many other fields. This study investigated the potential of nano-liposomes (L) and nano-niosomes (N) for delivering Synechocystis sp. extract against cancer cell lines. Four different types of nanoparticles were prepared using a dry powder formulation and ethanol ex-tract of Synechocystis sp. in both nanovesicles (N1 and N2, respectively) and liposomes (L1 and L2, respectively). Analysis of the formed vesicles using zeta analysis, SEM morphological analysis, and visual examination confirmed their stability and efficiency. L1 and L2 in this investigation had effective diameters of 419 and 847 nm, respectively, with PDI values of 0.24 and 0.27. Furthermore, the zeta potentials were found to range from −31.6 mV to −43.7 mV. Regarding N1 and N2, their effective diameters were 541 nm and 1051 nm, respectively, with PDI values of 0.31 and 0.35, and zeta potentials reported from −31.6 mV to −22.2. mV, respectively. Metabolic profiling tentatively identified 22 metabolites (1-–22) from the ethanolic extract. Its effect against representative human cancers was studied in vitro, specifically against colon (Caco2), ovarian (OVCAR4), and breast (MCF7) cancer cell lines. The results showed the potential activities of the prepared N1, N2, L1, and L2 against the three cell lines, where L1 had cytotoxicity IC50 values of 19.56, 33.52, and 9.24 µg/mL compared to 26.27, 56.23, and 19.61 µg/mL for L2 against Caco2, OVCAR4, and MCF7, re-spectively. On the other hand, N1 exhibited IC50 values of 9.09, 11.42, and 2.38 µg/mL, while N2 showed values of 15.57, 18.17, and 35.31 µg/mL against Caco2, OVCAR4, and MCF7, respectively. Meanwhile, the formulations showed little effect on normal cell lines (FHC, OCE1, and MCF10a). All of the compounds were evaluated in silico against the epidermal growth factor receptor tyro-sine kinase (EGFR). The molecular docking results showed that compound 21 (1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z-hexadecenoyl)-3-(6′-sulfo-alpha-D-quinovosyl)-sn-glycerol), followed by compounds 6 (Sulfoquinovosyl monoacylgycerol 5), 7 (3-Hydroxymyristic acid), 8 (Glycolipid PF2), 12 (Palmitoleic acid), and 19 (Glyceryl monostearate), showed the highest binding affinities. These compounds formed good hydrogen bond interactions with the key amino acid Lys721 as the co-crystallized ligand. These results suggest that nano-liposomes and nano-niosomes loaded with Synechocystis sp. extract hold promise for future cancer treatment development. Further research should focus on clinical trials, stability assessments, and pharmacological profiles to translate this approach into effective anticancer drugs.
... Linseed oil provides health benefits mainly due to its high content in omega-3 alpha linolenic acid (55-57%). Moreover, linseed oil has valuable attributes in paints and varnishes because of its unique drying properties that result from its distinctive fatty acid composition [12]. The lignans contained in linseeds have been shown to have beneficial properties against breast, colon, prostate and thyroid cancer, and in lowering relative risk factors for heart disease [13]. ...
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Comprehensive information on genetic variability and selection parameters is very crucial to design breeding strategies. However, very limited information is available in Ethiopian linseed germplasm. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate genetic variability, broad sense heritability and genetic advance; and determine selection for 19 quantitative traits using 126 genotypes (120 Ethiopian linseed accessions and six released varieties). The analysis of variance showed highly significant (P < 0.01) differences for all of the traits demonstrating the presence of high genetic diversity among the studied linseed genotypes. Higher differences between PCV and GCV estimates were observed for seed yield per plant and biological yield per plant, signifying the importance of environmental factors influence. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for seed yield per plant and biological yield per plant, indicating that this high heritability is due to additive gene effects and therefore, selection can be effective for the improvement of linseed for these traits. In addition, moderate heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was recorded for oil yield per hectare, number of capsules, number of secondary branches, days to maturity, seed yield per hectare and plant height. These results indicated the existence of intermediate expression in these traits for both additive and dominance gene effect. In the present study, high heritability coupled with high GAM was observed for seed yield per plant and biological yield per plant, indicating greater contribution of additive gene action for the expression of these traits; and therefore, improvement can be achieved through selection in these traits
... 9,16,17 Lignans are usually present in glycosylated form in oligomeric chains that are cross-linked via hydroxymethylglutaryl residues in plants. 18,19 Glycosylation is the final step in the biosynthesis of many natural compounds, including phytochemicals, increasing their structural complexity and diversity. 20 Binding to sugar molecules enhances water solubility and structural stability and reduces reactivity and toxicity. ...