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Protective effects of fractions and total extract of CRE against 6-OHDA in PC12 cells. Cells were treated with fractions and total extract of CRE (10 μg/mL) for 1 h and incubated without or with 6-OHDA (100 μM) for a further 3 h. Cell viabilities are expressed as a percentage of the controls (cells treated with vehicle for 4 h). Values are indicated as the mean ± SEM. ***p<0.001; mean values were significantly different from the control group. ### p<0.001; mean values were significantly different from the 6-OHDA only treated group.
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Cyperi Rhizoma (CR), the rhizome of Cyperus rotundus L., exhibits neuroprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal diseases. Nevertheless, no study has aimed at finding the neuroactive constituent(s) of CR. In this study, we identified active compounds in a CR extract (CRE) using bioactivity-guided fractionation. We first compared...
Citations
... some cases, the isolated hits were inactive despite interesting in vitro activity demonstrated by the crude extracts. Some of the compounds were not tested due to low yields [39,[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. ...
... Antiamyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation activity [65,122,156,163] 49. ...
... Antiamyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation activity [65,128,158] ...
The review provides an update on the traditional uses, geographical distribution, pharmacological activities, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action of potent natural products derived from Cyperus species. Cyperus species are widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. Cyperus is the second-largest genus in this family with about 950 species. Since 1964, a total of about 403 natural
products have been isolated from 43 Cyperus species, including terpenoids (51.61%), flavonoids (17.37%), stilbenoids (6.45%), quinones (5.71%), aromatics (7.69%), coumarins (5.21%) and other compounds (5.96%). The isolated compounds displayed anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, and other activities. Terpenoids and flavonoids are the most abundant class of natural products that have been isolated from Cyperus species. The biosynthesis of some terpenoids and flavonoids has been provided in the paper. Natural products isolated from Cyperus species have demonstrated interesting in vitro activities which warrant further scientific investigations.
... α-Cyperone (17) inhibited PGE 2 production by suppressing LPS-induced expression of inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at both messenger mRNA and protein levels [56]. A new norterpenoidcyperalin A (94) and the known compound sugetriol triacetate (27) displayed the highest compared to other secondary metabolites isolated using curcumin, a positive control [78]. Kaempferol (167) is well-investigated for its anti-inflammatory effects by interfering with transcription factors, cytokines, and prostaglandin production. ...
... EECR prevents pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. [11,48,49,54,164] Sedative, anti-anxiety, antidepressant Sesquiterpenes of C. rotundus were examined by radiobinding assay using rat cerebrocortical brain slices. Anti-depressant effect of a polyherbal formulation Yueju-Wan extract composed of C. rotundus was checked for its anti-depressant activity in mice model by locomotor activity, tail suspension, and forced swim tests. ...
Background: Since time immemorial, humans have identified several herbs to treat various ailments. With the advancement of science and state-of-the-art technologies, different herbal extracts and chemical constituents of herbs were identified as therapeutic targets. Cyperus rotundus, also called mustaka, is one of the most ancient herbs widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions across the globe. The tuberous and aerial parts of the herb were identified to possess various pharmacological properties. Objectives: This review focuses on the various phytocompounds of mustaka and how these compounds exert pharmacological effects and their mode of action. The molecular and cellular effects of mustaka were also discussed based on the preclinical and clinical reports available using an array of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo methodologies. Methods: The information from Google Scholar, Science direct, PUBMED, were reviewed with a special focus on the mode of action of C. rotundus from the data on animal and preclinical experiments to treat various diseases. Conclusion: Based on the literature available on C. rotundus in Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed, the pharmacological properties of mustaka were reviewed with a particular focus on its neuropharmacological activities. The mode of action of C. rotundus and its bioactive metabolites at the molecular biology level were demonstrated based on animal and preclinical experiments to cure various ailments. These diverse effects prove C. rotundus as a valuable traditional medicine for treating various disorders.
... However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence supporting the effect of active constituents of CRE in gynecologic disorders including endometriosis. In a previous study, we found that α-cyperone is the most abundant and active component of CRE [44][45][46][47]. In these regards, we have examined the anti-endometriotic effect of α-cyperone in human endometriotic 12Z cells. ...
Rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus have been widely used as a traditional medicine in Asia for the treatment of gynecological diseases. However, there is no scientific evidence demonstrating the effect of C. rotundus rhizomes on endometriosis, which is characterized by the adhesion of endometrial tissues outside the uterus, resulting in chronic and severe pelvic pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cyperi rhizoma extract (CRE) on cell adhesion and the expression of pain-related factors (neurotrophins) in endometriotic cells, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. CRE inhibited the adhesion of human endometriotic 12Z cells to peritoneal mesothelial Met5A cells using by adhesion assays. The mRNA expression of adhesion molecules [P-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2] was downregulated by CRE treatment. In addition, CRE significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of neurotrophins (BDNF, NGF, NT-3 and NT-4/5) in 12Z cells. Moreover, Akt overexpression markedly neutralized the inhibition of cell adhesion by CRE and expression of neurotrophins in 12Z cells. Furthermore, it was found that CRE suppressed NF-kB activation through the Akt pathway. These data suggest that CRE exerts anti-endometriotic activities by the inhibition of cell adhesion and neurotrophin expression, through the negative regulation of the Akt and NF-kB pathways in endometriotic cells.
... Resveratrol, piceatannol, and scirpusin B are all stilbene derivatives. As shown in Fig. 1, scirpusin B is a dimer of piceatannol and has been shown to exert various biological actions such as vasodilation [52], superoxide anion removal [53], inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia [34], inhibition of a-amylase activity [34], protection of neurons from neurotoxins [54], anti-amyloid-b aggre- gation effect [54], and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity [55]. Furthermore, scirpusin B has been reported to have stronger antioxidative effect and stronger nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation than piceatannol [52]. ...
... Resveratrol, piceatannol, and scirpusin B are all stilbene derivatives. As shown in Fig. 1, scirpusin B is a dimer of piceatannol and has been shown to exert various biological actions such as vasodilation [52], superoxide anion removal [53], inhibition of postprandial hyperglycemia [34], inhibition of a-amylase activity [34], protection of neurons from neurotoxins [54], anti-amyloid-b aggre- gation effect [54], and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity [55]. Furthermore, scirpusin B has been reported to have stronger antioxidative effect and stronger nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation than piceatannol [52]. ...
Cardiovascular disease is a global health problem. According to the World Health Organization, ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death globally in 2019, followed by stroke. The French paradox, which has been known since the early 1990s, describes the lower incidence of ischemic heart disease in French people despite the consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids. This phenomenon has been attributed to the high intake of red wine, which is rich in polyphenols, namely, resveratrol and piceatannol. It is becoming clear that scirpusin B, a dimer of piceatannol, has anti-atherosclerotic properties such as vasodilation, antioxidant effects, and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia; nonetheless, the effects of scirpusin B on the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. This review aimed to describe the cardiovascular effects of piceatannol and scirpusin B on aortic and coronary artery dilation and cardiac function and to outline the cardiovascular effects of prostacyclin and nitric oxide, as these substances are involved in the vasodilatory effects exerted by these polyphenols.
... [66] This compound is reported to exhibit mild antioxidant effect based on DPPH antiradical assay with IC 50 value >500 μM. [67] Compound (13) ] − , while the fragment at 93 was attributable to phenol moiety. These fragmentations were consistent with literature data. ...
Present study reports metabolites profiling, antioxidant, and antidiabetic effects of Cuscuta reflexa grown on Casearia tomentosa. The UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method was used to characterize phytochemicals in most potent extract. Thirteen bioactive compounds/metabolites including (2S)-3-(β-D-galactopyranosyloxy)-2-(hexanoyloxy)propyl nonanoate, 4-O-β-D-glucosyl-4-coumaric acid, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, 7-(α-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyheptanoic acid, 13S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, astragaloside derivative, salicylic acid, oleanolic acid, citric acid, pinellic acid, quinic acid, caffeic acid derivative and caffeic acid-3-glucoside were detected in 80% hydroethanolic (HE) extract. Among different extracts (aqueous, 20–80% HE and pure ethanolic), 80% HE extract showed maximum TPC (186.19 ± 2.15 mg GAE/g DE) and TFC (106.50 ± 1.68 mg RE/g DE). A strong correlation was observed between TPC, TFC, DPPH radical scavenging (IC50 = 60.64 ± 1.74 µg/mL) and TAP activity (235.96 ± 1.33 mg AAE/g DE) of 80% HE extract among others. The same extract also depicted highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition with IC50 of 71.84 ± 1.06 and 57.25 ± 1.40 µg/mL, respectively. Molecular docking was performed to explore possible role of identified phytochemicals. Binding affinity data as well as interaction patterns have revealed possible interaction of the identified bioactives against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Moreover, intra-molecular charge transfer, energies of the FMOs, HOMO-LUMO-Egaps, MEP and IP were also explained. The present findings suggested that, C. reflexa is a promising natural antioxidant and antidiabetic agent, thus supporting the use of this plant for designing related functional foods and nutra-pharmaceuticals.
The review provides an update on the traditional uses, geographical distribution, pharmacological activities, biosynthesis, and mechanisms of action of natural products derived from Cyperus species. Since 1964, a total of about 403 natural products have been isolated from 43 Cyperus species, including terpenoids (51.61%), flavonoids (17.37%), stilbenoids (6.45%), quinones (5.71%), aromatics (7.69%), coumarins (5.21%) and other compounds (5.96%). The isolated compounds displayed anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antidepressant, and other activities. Terpenoids and flavonoids are the most abundant class of NPs that have been isolated from Cyperus species. The biosynthesis of some terpenoids and flavonoids has been provided in the paper. Natural products isolated from Cyperus species have demonstrated interesting in vitro activities which warrant further scientific investigations.
This research paper focuses on examining the possibility of applied neuropharmacology of neuroactive substances of algae in pediatric neurology. It explores their reseal, description and operation of the drugs targeted in ADHD, ASD and epilepsy. The paper also discusses new directions and application to practice of intended therapy utilization for such compounds and the emerging trend in pediatric neurological conditions. The revelations that algae contain neuroactive compounds make this work beneficial for the continuing advancement of neurological treatment for children.
Cyperus rotundus L. has been widely used in the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases in traditional systems of medicine around the world, such as nervous, gastrointestinal systems diseases and inflammation. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), its rhizomes are frequently used to treat liver disease, stomach pain, breast tenderness, dysmenorrheal and menstrual irregularities. The review is conducted to summarize comprehensively the plant’s vernacular names, distribution, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and analytical methods, along with the data mining for TCM prescriptions containing C. rotundus. Herein, 552 compounds isolated or identified from C. rotundus were systematically collated and classified, concerning monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, phenolics and phenolic glycosides, triterpenoids and steroids, diterpenoids, quinonoids, alkaloids, saccharides and others. Their pharmacological effects on the digestive system, nervous system, gynecological diseases, and other bioactivities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, insect repellent, anti-microbial activity, etc. were summarized accordingly. Moreover, except for the data mining on the compatibility of C. rotundus in TCM, the separation, identification and analytical methods of C. rotundus compositions were also systematically summarized, and constituents of the essential oils from different regions were re-analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. In addition, the toxicological study progresses on C. rotundus revealed the safety property of this herb. This review is designed to serve as a scientific basis and theoretical reference for further exploration into the clinical use and scientific research of C. rotundus.
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