Figure 2 - uploaded by Avik Ghosh
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Proposed control flowchart for the heating season with the (a) primary, and (b) FLEX control layers.
Source publication
Efficient electrification of space heating/cooling presents the most viable pathway to GHG emissions reduction, and heat pumps (HPs) remain the dominant alternative for replacing gas/oil-based space heating systems. To achieve widespread adoption of HPs, it is imperative to improve their energy efficiency and operational cost. In this paper, a scal...
Contexts in source publication
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... ON/OFF signals, as opposed to setting the indoor air heating and cooling setpoints as in Sections 3.2 and 3.3. The convention of time t followed for this controller is such that HP action at time (t -1) causes a observable change in T subscript a,ind at time t. The flowchart for the proposed control algorithm during the heating season is given in Fig. 2 ...
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... way of mimicking the controller to respond similar to literature/baseline with a deadband on heating setpoint. The same method of checking Heating Coil signal at the previous time step is also followed in the FLEX mode of the proposed controller for a fair comparison with literature/baseline controllers. Once the controller is in FLEX mode, Fig. 2b shows that, similar to literature, it is first checked whether HEP is below the LP, to consider preheating. The rationale behind preheating ( even when the room air temperature is in the thermal comfort zone) is to increase the indoor air temperature when the HEP is low (but has an increasing trend), resulting in thermal energy being ...
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... n hours, being indexed by k. With the same intuitive assumption as near-future forecasts being more accurate than distant-future forecasts, we define the 3h subhorizon weighting factors as w subscript k = q / k, for all k = { 1, 2, 3 turns off the HP, as it is more economical to heat later when HEP reduces. The two remaining control conditions in Fig. 2b makes sure that the proposed controller incorporates the deadband consistent with ...
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... the LP is important for determining when the preheating occurs. The hours when the HEP is below the LP are 24 -29 h, 36 -39 h, and 44 -48 h. The literature inspired controller seeing the rising trend of the HEP until 29 h (see Fig. 4a), has a higher heating setpoint than the proposed controller leading to more HVAC energy usage (compare Figs. 4h and 4i until 29 h). The heating setpoint choices for the literature inspired controller (see Fig. 4d) in this study are 24 C, 23 C and 22 C when the HEP rises, levels out and decreases respectively. Although the preheat temperature choices for the proposed controller are same as that of the literature, the proposed controller (see Fig. 4e) is able to ...
