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The adsorption of the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA) from aqueous solutions on attapulgite was studied. Attapulgite is a clay mineral that has many applications, especially in agriculture and industry. It has not been studied extensively compared with other clay minerals for its sorption properties in environmental appl...
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... is a commercial product, specifically sold for agricultural use, and in the present study it was used without further pretreatment. The proper-ties of attapulgite are listed in Table 1 as specified by manufacturer's data sheet and by [18]. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of this mineral is generally 200 -300 meq/kg [8]. ...
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... Because cationic surfactants are widely used in the chemical industry and also in everyday cosmetic as well as cleaning products, they are present in wastewater, groundwater, and soil. Furthermore, cationic surfactant has been proposed as additive reagents in organic contaminated soil mitigation and remediation [5][6]. The water in oil emulsion forms during the manufacturing of crude oil, which is frequently accompanied by water. ...
Selected cationic Gemini surfactants were effective in separating water-oil emulsions, whereas cationic Gemini surfactants are (R1 and R2) with alkyl chain lengths of 5 and 6. Their characterization was done by FTIR, 1 H-NMR, and 13 C-NMR characters of these "new Gemini surfactants". These Gemini surfactants' basic surface properties were investigated by measuring the relationship between electrical conductivity and surfactant concentration to determine critical micelles concentration CMC. Demulsification (emulsion breaking) is necessary in many practical applications as the petroleum industry and wastewater treatment in environmental technology. Demulsifiers with amine were used for breaking of water in crude oil emulsion in this study. The relative rate of water separation was determined via breaker tests. The demulsifier which has longer alkyl chain length had a better performance on breaking emulsion than demulsifier which has shorter alkyl chain length.
... Also, other researchers studied the adsorption of different cationic surfactants on mineral clay, attapulgite (Kotti et al. 2018), silica (Azar et al. 2019;Goloub et al. 1996), granular charcoal (Saleh 2006), etc. However, many studies have been performed on the removal of surfactants from greywater; there is not enough information on how to deal with the spend adsorbents by these contaminants. ...
The gap between water demand and available water supply led to wastewater treatment, particularly greywater. Due to specific characteristics of grey wastewater, treatment and recycling of this type of wastewater capture global attention. This paper presents a literature review of the remediation of greywater by adsorption processes. Besides, the reclamation of the grey wastewater in the context of the circular economy is highlighted. In this regard, the characterization of various types of grey wastewater, the potential risks associated with greywater, and the properties of reclaimed water as per the regulation or guideline are summarized. These standards vary based on the application of reused water and from a country to another country. Furthermore, this review elucidates the adsorption process in terms of the type of adsorbents, modification of adsorbents and their regeneration process, adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamic of adsorption, and optimization of adsorption system. Finally, the removal of different pollutants from greywater by various adsorbents and techno-economic aspects are illustrated.
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The effect of heat treatment on the adsorptive capacity of a Brazilian palygorskite to remove the dyes crystal violet (CV) and congo red (CR) was investigated. The natural palygorskite was calcined at different temperatures (300, 500 and 700 °C) for 4 h. Changes in the palygorskite structure were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, N2 adsorption/desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption efficiency of CV and CR was investigated through the effect of initial concentration, contact time, temperature, pH and dosage of adsorbent. The calcination increased the adsorption capacity of palygorskite, and the greatest adsorption capacity of CV and CR dyes occurred in the sample calcined at 700 °C (Pal-700T). The natural and calcined samples at 300 and 500 °C followed the Freundlich isothermal model, while the Pal-700T followed the Langmuir isothermal model. Adsorption kinetics results were well described by the Elovich model. Pal-700T showed better adsorption performance at basic pH, with removal greater than 98%, for both dyes. Pal-700T proved to be a great candidate for removing cationic and anionic dyes present in water.
As a kind of natural porous nanorods, attapulgites (ATTP) are widely used in many fields because of their high specific surface area, high porosity and strong adsorption ability. In this work, ATTP and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) co-integrated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hierarchical porous membrane (ATTP/[email protected]) has been fabricated and investigated as a multifunctional interlayer for lithium-sulfur batteries. Due to a synergistic effect of ATTP and the carboxylated MWCNTs, the porous interlayer is able to effectively suppress the shuttle effect by trapping and confining the dissolved polysulfides. Meanwhile, the addition of MWCNTs improves the conductivity of the composite membrane, which is beneficial for the reutilization of the active species. Therefore, the cells with the interlayer demonstrates superior electrochemical performance, delivering a high initial discharge capacity of 1283 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 C, and retaining 785 mAh g⁻¹ after 300 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 99%. Meaningfully, this porous composite membrane is low-cost and very effective for high performance Li-S batteries.
We have investigated the wetting and surface diffusion of mesoporous colloidal silica particles at the water surface; and the adsorption of cationic cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) surfactant on these particles. Porous silica colloids diffuse at the surface of water and in the volume, interacting with cationic surfactants that can adsorb inside the pores of the particles. We observed that surfactant adsorption on mesoporous silica depends dramatically not only on the particle pore size but also on specific counterion effects. We measured striking differences both on a macroscopic property of the interface, i.e. surface tension, and also at a single particle level by evaluating the translational diffusion of partially wetted particles at the fluid interface. We varied the pore size from 2 to 7 nm and explored the effects of ions owing different hydration number and kosmotropic/chaotropic character. At concentrations lower than the critical micellar concentration, we evidence that cationic surfactants adsorb on silica as surface micelles and surfactant adsorption inside the pores occurs only if the pore diameter is larger than the size of surface micelles. With a view to understand the surprising different adsorption behavior of CTA+OH- and CTA+Br- on porous silica particles, we investigated the effect of counterions on the surfactant adsorption on porous silica colloids by tuning the pH and the counterion properties.
