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Production procedure of horse leg bone extract and powder from Jeju crossbred horses.
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The effects of slaughter age (28, 32, or 38 mon) on the proximate composition, collagen content, fatty acid composition, amino acid content, and mineral contents of horse leg bone (femur and tibia) extracts (HLBE) obtained from Jeju crossbred horses (n=14) in Korea. HLBE was extracted for 24 h with boiling water. At those ages, the respective proxi...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... were fed a rich basal diet (3.59 cal/g) composed of 17.12% crude protein, 6.30% crude fiber, 5.02% crude fat, 11.80% moisture, 0.26% Ca, 0.07% P, 0.06% Mg, 1.33% K, 0.03% Na, Cu (7.81 mg/kg), Fe (59.7 mg/kg), Mn (89.4 mg/kg), and Zn (27.8 mg/kg). The horses were selected and slaughtered according to their age (28 mon, n=4; 32 mon, n=5; 38 mon, n=5). The horses were stun- ned with a captive bolt, slaughtered, and dressed. The femur and tibia bones were obtained and kept in a freezer until analysis. Horse leg bone extracts (HLBE) and horse leg bone extracts powder (HLBP) were prepared as shown in Fig. 1. To clean the bones, the femur and tibia were soaked in water overnight at 4°C, and the water was dis- carded. The bones were subsequently boiled in fresh water for 30 min and the liquid and debris were discarded. The cleaned bones were then extracted three times in boiling water for 8 h each. The filtered, combined extracts were used for the proximate composition. The extracts were lyophilized to produce sample for fatty acid composition, amino acid content and mineral contents. Meanwhile the samples extracted 6 times (8 h each) were used as sample for the analysis of the change of the collagen ...
Citations
... The bones of slaughtered animals are used to produce edible fats, broths, etc., as well as raw materials for technical purposesfor the production of small consumer goods, as well as bone glue, meal, and coal. The mammalian skeleton consists of a large number of individual bones (Kim et al., 2014(Kim et al., , 2017. ...
... (Galanakis, 2018): are protein from muscle and bone tissue (from 30 to 50%), fat (from 13 to 20%) ash (from 26 to 38%), and water (up to 7%; Figure 9). Kim et al. (2017) investigated the effect of the slaughter age (28, 32, or 38 month) on the approximate bone composition, fatty acid composition, collagen content, amino acid and mineral content in horse leg bone extracts. It was determined that the content of palmitoleic acid and essential fatty acids, as well as amino acids, in the bones of the slaughter at 38 months is higher than in 28 and 32 months. ...
In the ancient times, the Kazakhstan population were considered as nomadic people, where a cult of all types of cattle breeding had a leading position. However, currently the processing approaches of livestock slaughter wastes and secondary meat raw materials are weakly developed. The presented review of waste-free technologies considers the utilization processes of following: carcasses, skins, bones, meat scraps, blood, adipose tissue, horns, feet, hooves, and internal organs. These substances are an important source of animal protein, collagen, bioactive peptides, blood plasma, minerals, and fats that can be applied in various industries: food, feed, medical, and technological. When slaughtering livestock, meat on bones makes up almost half of the total weight of livestock, yet the remaining half contains offal and inedible raw materials. Blood consists of: erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma. Animal bones have mostly proteins (30–50%) and lipids (13–20%) from bone tissues. Tendons, bones and skins contain a large amount of collagen. Animal fat and adipose tissue have 54.9% saturated acids, 40.9% unsaturated fatty acids and 4.2% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Bioactive peptides from collagen derivatives contain from 2 to 20 amino acids and have various biological (antihypertensive, antioxidant, and antimicrobial) activity. This review considers a world current status, modern prospects and opportunities in the slaughter wastes and the meat by-products recycling technologies. Overview of existing approaches for waste processing with the subsequent use of the final product in the food industry, the production of feed, medicines and technical products is considered. The complete processing within the slaughtering livestock and the secondary meat raw materials allows to expand the wide-range products with a low prime cost, thereby promoting to the sustainable development of agroecology by applying the waste hierarchy: Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling.
... Among the foods of animal origin that provide a large amount of nutrients is bone broth (BB). It has been reported that by long-lasting cooking of bones it is possible to obtain a large amount of AA, minerals, and proteins such as collagen [15][16][17][18][19]. The therapeutic properties of this food have not been fully studied by scientific methods, but in countries such as Mongolia, it is consumed to stimulate the immune system and promote the proper functioning of the digestive system, these therapeutic properties being attributed to its nutritional content [1,15,17]. ...
... It has been reported that by long-lasting cooking of bones it is possible to obtain a large amount of AA, minerals, and proteins such as collagen [15][16][17][18][19]. The therapeutic properties of this food have not been fully studied by scientific methods, but in countries such as Mongolia, it is consumed to stimulate the immune system and promote the proper functioning of the digestive system, these therapeutic properties being attributed to its nutritional content [1,15,17]. ...
... To eliminate the remains of meat, fat, and blood present in the bones, the pieces were left to stand in distilled water at 50 • C for 15 min, the water was discarded at the end of the wash [17]. This procedure was performed in triplicate. ...
Background and Objectives: Nutritional deficiencies are one of the main triggers for the development of gastrointestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis (UC). Therefore, the objective of the present work consisted of determining the nutrients present in the bone broth (BB) and evaluating their anti-inflammatory properties in a murine model of UC, induced by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and acetic acid (AcOH). The BB was prepared from the femur of bovine cattle and cooked in distilled water for 8 h at 100 ± 2 °C. Materials and Methods: The BB was administered ad libitum to BALB/c mice for 10 days before the induction of UC. Colon samples were collected for histological analysis and determination of cytokine expression levels by qPCR. Results: It was found that amino acids (AA) are the main nutritional contribution of BB, 54.56% of these correspond to essential AA. The prophylactic administration of BB in the murine model of UC reduced histological damage, decreased the expression of IL-1β (61.12%), IL-6 (94.70%), and TNF-α (68.88%), and increased the expression of INF-γ (177.06%), IL-4 (541.36%), and IL-10 (531.97%). Conclusions: This study shows that BB has anti-inflammatory properties, and its consumption can decrease the symptoms of UC.
Bone-eating (also known as osteophagia), found in wild animals, is primarily recognized as a means to supplement phosphorus and calcium intake. Herein, we describe a novel function of bone-eating in detoxifying heavy metal ions through the dissolution and co-precipitation of bone minerals as they travel through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In this study, cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal ion, served as a toxic model. We demonstrated that hydroxyapatite (HAp), the major calcium phosphate (CaP) in bone, dissolves in the stomach and acts as a co-precipitant in the intestine for Cd detoxification. We compared HAp to a common antidote, activated charcoal (AC), which did not precipitate within the GI tract. In vitro experiments showed that HAp dissolves under acidic conditions and, upon return to a neutral environment, efficiently re-sequesters Cd. Similarly, oral administration of HAp effectively prevented Cd absorption and accumulation, resulting in enhanced Cd excretion in the feces when compared to AC. A co-precipitating CaP in the GI tract could serve as an excellent detoxification system, as it helps prevent the accumulation of toxic substances and aids in developing appropriate strategies to reduce tissue toxicity. Moreover, understanding this detoxification system would be a valuable indicator for designing efficient detoxification materials.
Nutritional deficits in one’s diet have been established as the key risk factor for T2DM in recent years. Nutritional therapy has been demonstrated to be useful in treating T2DM. The current study was carried out to assess the nutritional composition of bovine (12 months), chicken (4 months), sheep (13 months), and goat (9 months) femur bone extracts, as well as their potential therapeutic effects on T2DM regression in a Wistar albino rat model (500 mg/kg b.wt.). The proximate composition of the different extracts, their fatty acid composition, their amino acids, and their mineral contents were identified. In vivo data indicated considerably improved T2DM rats, as seen by lower serum levels of TL, TG, TC, ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, IL-6, TNF-α, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and MDA. Low levels of HDL-C, GSH, and total proteins were restored during this study. Histological investigations of liver and pancreatic tissue revealed that the distribution of collagen fibers was nearly normal. The bovine extract, on the other hand, was the most active, followed by the sheep, goat, and finally chicken extract. This research could result in the creation of a simple, noninvasive, low-cost, and reliable method for T2DM control, paving the way for potential early therapeutic applications in T2DM control.
Objective:
In this study, we evaluated the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of black goat loin (BGL) and black goat rump (BGR) meat.
Methods:
We evaluated the proximate compositions, collagen and mineral contents, and fatty acid compositions of BGL and BGR with respect to their nutritional value. The levels of bioactive compounds such as L-carnitine, creatine, creatinine, carnosine, and anserine were also measured. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC) were assessed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of BGL and BGR.
Results:
BGR showed higher collagen, Fe, Ca, P, and Na contents than did BGL (p < 0.05). Notably, the Ca/P ratio was high in both BGR and BGL (1.82 and 1.54, respectively), thus satisfying the recommendation that the Ca/P ratio is between 1 and 2. BGL showed a significantly higher content of desirable fatty acids (stearic acid and total unsaturated fatty acids) than did BGR. In addition, the levels of creatine, carnosine, and anserine in BGL were higher than those in BGR (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity between BGL and BGR, as assessed by FRAP [both 15.92 mM Trolox equivalent (TE) per gram of DM], ABTS (12.51 and 12.90 mM TE/g DM, respectively), and ORAC (101.25 and 99.06 mM TE/g DM, respectively) assays.
Conclusion:
This was a primary study conducted to evaluate the differences in nutritional value and antioxidant activity between loin and rump cuts of black goat meat. Our results provide fundamental knowledge that can help understand the properties of black goat meat.
