Figure - uploaded by Olli Silvennoinen
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
This article is a quantitative study of contrastive negation in 11 European languages, using parallel and monolingual corpus data. Contrastive negation refers to expressions that combine a negated and an affirmed element so that the affirmed element replaces the negated one. In the languages being studied, there is typically a large number of const...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... to the analysis, the five variables can be condensed into three underlying dimensions, which together explain 66.0% of the variation. The contributions of the variables are summarized in Table 4. The table shows the dimensions, their principal inertias (amount of variance), the proportion of the variance that each dimension explains as a raw and as a cumulative percentage, and, finally, a scree plot showing the percentage of variance explained by each variable in a visual way. ...Citations
This paper explores clauses of substitution (e.g. instead of relaxing on the beach, he went to a concert ) in a sample of forty-six languages. It is shown that clauses of substitution marked with monofunctional conjunctions or monofunctional converbs may not occur with standard negative markers. Clauses of substitution appearing with polyfunctional conjunctions or polyfunctional converbs may occur with obligatory standard negative markers. In these cases, negation shows a negative import as an effect of compositional interpretation. Interestingly, there are languages in which clauses of substitution marked with monofunctional clause-linking devices may occur with optional negative markers. In this scenario, the presence or absence of the negative marker does not change the adverbial relation holding between clauses. Instead, it seems to have an expressive- evaluative layer of semantic interpretation. When the negative marker is present in the clause of substitution, it indicates that the situation was not surprising. When the negative marker is absent, the situation must be understood as surprising.
The current research aims to uncover the similarities and differences between Korean 'an (안)' and '-ji anhta (-지 않다)', and Indonesian 'tidak' and 'belum', as well as to formulate their characteristics. This research is an applied contrastive study and the data are derived from the Korean-Indonesian parallel corpus made from Korean drama subtitles. Based on the results, the first prominent findings show that 'an' and '-ji anhta', and 'tidak' and 'belum' are equivalent in regards to their usage as negative markers in negative sentences, thus indicating that they correspond to each other. The findings show that among 1,104 data of Korean negative utterances, only 770 data (69.75%) are translated into Indonesian negative utterances, and 334 data (30.25%) are translated into affirmative utterances by applying alternative translation strategies. The second prominent findings reveal that they are non-equivalent due to the shifts that happen, thus showing that they do not correspond to each other. There are three types of shifts causing the non-equivalence, namely (1) shift from negative verbal into negative nominal forms (32 data, 0.90%), (2) shift from negative declarative into negative imperative forms (36 data, 3.26%), and (3) shift from negative into affirmative forms (334 data, 30.25%). In general, the shifts occur in the subtitle translation because Korean and Indonesian languages belong to different categories in terms of language family and have different ways to express negative meanings.
