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Background
As India is fighting against the second wave of COVID-19, Healthcare professionals are the front-line warriors on that battlefield which puts them under psychological pressure, this systematic review aims to critically look into and amalgamate the evidence on impact of COVID-19 on psychological health of healthcare professionals in India...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of depression among 5796 participants in 5 studies was 41.90% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 29.17 to 54.64) (Fig. 3), Prevalence of anxiety in 10 studies with sample size of 3059 was 42.87% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 30.26 to 55.49) (Fig. 4), Prevalence of stress in 12 studies with 4209 participants recorded a prevalence rate of 58.04 (95% CI: 44.81-71.28) (Fig. 5), Prevalence of worry in 3 studies with 276 participants demonstrated a prevalence ...
Citations
... In another study by An Ying et al. (2020) the overall prevalence of depression among 1103 Nurses in COVID-19 pandemic using 9 item patient health questionnaire was 43.61 percent. Similarly, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis carried out a by Abdulla, Velladath, Varghese and Anju (2021) in India revealed pooled prevalence of anxiety as 42.87% in 10 studies and pooled prevalence of depression as 41.9% in 12 studies among health care professionals. So, it can be concluded that the health care providers who have been working tirelessly during this pandemic are suffering from high magnitude of mental health morbidities. ...
... The results found a negative relationship between anxiety and depression with mindfulness scores. The high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among physicians during the COVID-19 crisis was consistent with many international (30,31) and local studies (32,33). While anxiety and depressive symptoms may result from several psychological factors, many studies have evidence that the central/primary reason for symptoms in the context of COVID-19 was fear of infection (30,31). ...
... The high prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among physicians during the COVID-19 crisis was consistent with many international (30,31) and local studies (32,33). While anxiety and depressive symptoms may result from several psychological factors, many studies have evidence that the central/primary reason for symptoms in the context of COVID-19 was fear of infection (30,31). Moreover, fear of COVID-19 infection served as a mediator between the perceived risk and anxiety and depression (34). ...
Background
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) created unprecedented stress on physicians. Mindfulness is a type of meditation that focuses on being fully present, aware of senses, and emotions in the present moment without analyzing or judging them, and it may help reduce psychological distress in physicians. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of virtual mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on physicians’ perceived anxiety and depression and different facets of mindfulness.
Methods
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an online survey was administered to physicians to assess depression, anxiety, and awareness using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 7-item General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Five-Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), respectively. Physicians that received the virtual MBI sessions also completed post-questionnaires at a 3-week follow-up time point.
Results
A total of 125 physicians responded to the online survey, with 56 completing the MBI. The prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety and depression was 45.0 and 46.7%, respectively. Mindfulness scores were negatively associated with depression ( r = −0.38, P < 0.001) and anxiety ( r = −0.36, p < 0.001). Mindfulness scores for the 56 physicians who received virtual MBI sessions were significantly improved (mean difference ± SD, 17.7 ± 16.1, p = 0.001). Significant reductions were also evidenced in anxiety (4.4 ± 4.2) and depression (4.5 ± 5.1) scores ( p ’s < 0.001). There was also an improvement in mindfulness facets of observing (5.1 ± 4.7), describing (2.3 ± 4.3), acting with awareness (2.7 ± 5.3), non-judging of inner experience (3.6 ± 6.1), and non-reactivity to inner experience (3.9 ± 4.0) ( p ’s < 0.001). A facet of mindfulness, acting with awareness was most efficiently associated with improved anxiety ( B = −0.3, p = 0.02) and depression ( B = −0.4, p = 0.01).
Conclusion
This study has demonstrated that virtual MBI improved physicians’ psychological wellbeing and mindfulness during the crisis. Regular mindfulness practice may help physicians to tolerate and handle unpleasant circumstances, such as future epidemics or pandemics.
... As nations' healthcare systems struggled with an unprecedented number of patients, resident physicians (RP) of all specialties were recruited to help, since most were recruited outside their expertise, RPs were the most impacted in terms of academics and mental well-being. [1,2] Optimization of resident and undergraduate training programs is required to achieve proficiency in their respective disciplines. ...
... During the health crisis, depressive and anxious symptoms have been the most frequent and reported reactions in most studies conducted worldwide, especially in practicing healthcare workers (Abdulla et al., 2021;Motahedi et al., 2021) and trainees (Aloufi et al., 2021;McLafferty et al., 2021). ...
Due to the emotional impact of COVID-19 on university students, the goal was to explore the relationship between anxiety, depression, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among pre-professional interns. The research was carried out using an explanatory cross-sectional design, with the participation of 1011 pre-professional interns of 13 health networks from the department of Puno (Peru). Data were collected using the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2, Patient Health Questionnaire 2, and the Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The main data analysis was carried out using the R statistical software, and implementing the confirmatory factor analysis technique, which evidenced that the explanatory model provides an acceptable value. Based on the above, a negative relationship between depression and life satisfaction, (β = -.60, p < .001) and a positive relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction (β = .28, p < .001) was shown, in addition to a mediating effect of the psychological wellbeing related to depression and life satisfaction (p < .001). In conclusion, life satisfaction is explained concerning the degree of depression and anxiety, as well as the moderating effect of psychological well-being. Despite that, there is an urgent need to take preventive actions to strengthen the mental health of the pre-professional health interns, who have also been providing support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
... The impact of this pandemic on the physical and mental health of healthcare professionals has been highlighted in several reports since the initial outbreak. A plethora of studies examined the prevalence of mental health symptoms in healthcare professionals facing the pandemic on the front line, reporting moderate and high levels of stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and burnout [79][80][81]. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, healthcare professionals had to work under extreme pressure and needed to balance conflicting demands related to their own physical and mental health as well as those of colleagues, patients, and family members [54]. ...
... Patient-centered interviewing, caring communication skills, and shared decision making are strategies known to improve patient-professional communication [86]. Given the serious nature of the COVID-19 outbreak, it is not surprising that a high proportion of patients experienced depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic symptoms [81,87]. Therefore, early detection and appropriate treatment of mental health symptoms are required in patients with COVID-19, both during and after acute symptom resolution, in order to reintegrate with society and family life [88]. ...
Citation: Aparicio Betancourt, M.; Duarte-Díaz, A.; Vall-Roqué, H.; Seils, L.; Orrego, C.; Perestelo-Pérez, L.; Barrio-Cortes, J.; Beca-Martínez, M.T.; Molina Serrano, A.; Bermejo-Caja, C.J.; et al. Global Healthcare Needs Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed gaps and areas of need in health systems worldwide. This work aims to map the evidence on COVID-19-related healthcare needs of adult patients, their family members, and the professionals involved in their care during the first year of the pandemic. We searched the databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and assessed full texts for eligibility. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Descriptive data were extracted and inductive qualitative content analysis was used to generate codes and derive overarching themes. Thirty-six studies met inclusion criteria, with the majority reporting needs from the perspective of professionals (35/36). Professionals' needs were grouped into three main clusters (basic, occupational, and psycho-socio-emotional needs); patients' needs into four (basic, healthcare, psycho-socio-emotional, and other support needs); and family members' needs into two (psycho-socio-emotional and communication needs). Transversal needs across subgroups were also identified and grouped into three main clusters (public safety, information and communication, and coordination and support needs). This evidence map provides valuable insight on COVID-19-related healthcare needs. More research is needed to assess first-person perspectives of patients and their families, examine whether needs differ by country or region, and evaluate how needs have evolved over time.
... Similarly, a cut-off score of >7 and >14 denote positive screen anxiety and stress, respectively. The anxiety subscale score is assessed as "mild" (8-9), "moderate" (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), "severe" (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and extremely severe" (20-42), whereas the stress subscale score is divided into "mild" (15)(16)(17)(18), "moderate" (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), "severe" (26-33), and "extremely severe" stress (34-42). ...
... A 5-point Likert scale is used to rate each item (e.g., 0 = no problem; 4 = very severe problem), yielding a total score ranging from 0 to 28. The total score is then interpreted as follows: absence of insomnia (0-7), subthreshold insomnia (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderate insomnia (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21), and severe insomnia (22-28). ...
Background:
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been a cause of significant mental health disturbances in medical health personnel. However, 18 months into the pandemic, healthcare workers (HCWs) have become accustomed to the heightened stress and anxiety that comes with caring for COVID patients. Through this study, we aim to measure depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia in doctors with the help of validated scales.
Materials and methods:
This was a cross-sectional study with an online survey design conducted among doctors from major hospitals in New Delhi. The questionnaire included participant demographics, including designation, specialty, marital status, and living arrangements. This was followed by questions from the validated depression, anxiety, stress scale (DASS-21), and insomnia severity index (ISI). Depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia scores were calculated for each participant, and the data were analyzed statistically.
Results:
The mean scores of the whole study population showed no depression, moderate anxiety, mild stress, and subthreshold insomnia. Female doctors exhibited more psychological issues (mild depression and stress, moderate anxiety, but only subthreshold insomnia) as compared to males (mild anxiety, but no depression, stress, and insomnia). Junior doctors also had higher depression, anxiety, and stress scores than senior doctors. Similarly, single doctors, those living alone, and those not having kids had higher DASS and insomnia scores.
Discussion:
HCWs have been under tremendous mental stress during this pandemic which is influenced by multiple factors. Female sex, junior doctors, working on the frontline, not being in a relationship, and living alone may be some of the factors recognized in our study and corroborated by many authors, which may increase the chances of depression, anxiety, and stress in them. HCWs need regular counseling, time off for rejuvenation, and social support to overcome this hurdle.
How to cite this article:
Kohli S, Diwan S, Kumar A, Kohli S, Aggarwal S, Sood A, et al. Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Insomnia amongst COVID Warriors across Several Hospitals after Second Wave: Have We Acclimatized? A Cross-sectional Survey. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(7):825-832.
... A recent systematic review and meta-analysis by Abdulla et al. stated that the prevalence of depression was 41.90%, anxiety was 42.87%, stress was 58.04%, and insomnia was 31.94% in an Indian health-care setting. [1] A study conducted on 2800 HCWs during the first lockdown in India by Parashar et al. stated that the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress was 88.2% in doctors, 79.2% in nurses, and 58.6% in allied health-care professionals which included physiotherapists, laboratory technicians, phlebotomists, dieticians, administrative staff, and pharmacists. [2] The factors contributing to development of psychiatric illness such as PTSD during the coronavirus includes long working hours with work overload, ethical and moral conflicts, lack of experience in tackling such situations, the anxiety of getting infected, spreading the infection, and transmitting the infection to their families, difficult living environments where there is a continuous increase in severity infection, death of their patients and lack of medical supplies. ...
Background:
There remains uncertainty about the impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health. This umbrella review provides a comprehensive overview of the association between the pandemic and common mental disorders. We qualitatively summarized evidence from reviews with meta-analyses of individual study-data in the general population, healthcare workers, and specific at-risk populations.
Methods and findings:
A systematic search was carried out in 5 databases for peer-reviewed systematic reviews with meta-analyses of prevalence of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the pandemic published between December 31, 2019 until August 12, 2022. We identified 123 reviews of which 7 provided standardized mean differences (SMDs) either from longitudinal pre- to during pandemic study-data or from cross-sectional study-data compared to matched pre-pandemic data. Methodological quality rated with the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklist scores (AMSTAR 2) instrument was generally low to moderate. Small but significant increases of depression, anxiety, and/or general mental health symptoms were reported in the general population, in people with preexisting physical health conditions, and in children (3 reviews; SMDs ranged from 0.11 to 0.28). Mental health and depression symptoms significantly increased during periods of social restrictions (1 review; SMDs of 0.41 and 0.83, respectively) but anxiety symptoms did not (SMD: 0.26). Increases of depression symptoms were generally larger and longer-lasting during the pandemic (3 reviews; SMDs depression ranged from 0.16 to 0.23) than those of anxiety (2 reviews: SMDs 0.12 and 0.18). Females showed a significantly larger increase in anxiety symptoms than males (1 review: SMD 0.15). In healthcare workers, people with preexisting mental disorders, any patient group, children and adolescents, and in students, no significant differences from pre- to during pandemic were found (2 reviews; SMD's ranging from -0.16 to 0.48). In 116 reviews pooled cross-sectional prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms ranged from 9% to 48% across populations. Although heterogeneity between studies was high and largely unexplained, assessment tools and cut-offs used, age, sex or gender, and COVID-19 exposure factors were found to be moderators in some reviews. The major limitations are the inability to quantify and explain the high heterogeneity across reviews included and the shortage of within-person data from multiple longitudinal studies.
Conclusions:
A small but consistent deterioration of mental health and particularly depression during early pandemic and during social restrictions has been found in the general population and in people with chronic somatic disorders. Also, associations between mental health and the pandemic were stronger in females and younger age groups than in others. Explanatory individual-level, COVID-19 exposure, and time-course factors were scarce and showed inconsistencies across reviews. For policy and research, repeated assessments of mental health in population panels including vulnerable individuals are recommended to respond to current and future health crises.
Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the mental health status of healthcare workers (HCWs) and to examine the relationships between depression, anxiety, stress, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and professional quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey.
Method: The research was a descriptive and cross-sectional, quantitative questionnaire survey study: 450 HCWs were sampled in a tertiary health institution declared as a pandemic hospital in Giresun, Turkey between 1 June and 30 August 2021. They completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Short Form Scale (DASS-21), PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (PCL-5), and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL-V) self-report measures. For the analyses, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using the SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.
Results: Appreciable percentages of the HCWs reported mild or greater levels of depression (64%), anxiety (59%), stress (48%), PTSD (49%), together with elevated levels of burnout (83%), and secondary traumatic stress (STS 44%). Being a woman, young, nurse, less experienced, lower educated, lost any relative or friend, consider resigning in the COVID-19 pandemic and afraid of infecting their family were risk factors for mental health of HCWs. PTSD scores were associated with depression, anxiety and stress; burnout was associated with depression, anxiety, stress and PTSD; STS was associated with PTSD. Continued monitoring and psychological support for HCWs' mental health post-COVID is desirable.
