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... allows the measured pressures to be indicative of the reservoir pressure, since it is not subject to near well pressure draw down effects. The pressure data used is an average of the pressure profiles of all the five producing coal seams, as shown in Figure 4. The cumulative production data, associated with each pressure, is the sum of the five producing coal seams. ...

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... Further, in Jharkhand state, among other noteworthy coal mines, the highest CBM resources are found in the Jharia coal mines due to its higher fixed carbon contents [152]. The total CBM estimates range from 11.7 to 14.01 cm 3 /g [153]. Other significant CBM resources of Jharkhand include East Bokaro (7.25 to 12.79 cm 3 /g coal), West Bokaro (7.25 to 10.46 cm 3 /g coal), North Karanpura (4.78 to 6.96 cm 3 /g coal), South Karanpura (3.33 to 5.90 cm 3 /g coal), and Auranga Basin (2.49 to 4.44 cm 3 /g coal) [154]. ...
Article
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Coal bed methane (CBM) extraction has astounding effects on the global energy budget. Since the earliest discoveries of CBM, this natural gas form has witnessed ever-increasing demands from the core sectors of the economy. CBM is an unconventional source of energy occurring naturally within coal beds. The multiphase CBM generation during coal evolution commences with microbial diagenesis of the sedimentary organic matter during peatification, followed by early to mature thermogenic kerogen decomposition and post-coalification occurrences. Indeed, the origin of the CBM and, moreover, its economically valuable retention within coal seams is a function of various parameters. Several noticeable knowledge gaps include the controls of coal make-up and its physico-chemical position on the CBM generation and genetic link through fossil molecular and stable isotopic integration with the parent coal during its evolution. Therefore, this manuscript reviews the origin of CBM; the influences of coal properties and micropetrographic entities on CBM generation and storage; and its genetic molecular and stable isotope compositions in India and the world's major coal reservoirs. Moreover, analyses of and outlooks on future development trends in the exploration, production, and application of coalbed methane are also addressed. Finally, as India has the fifth largest proven coal reserves, this brief review of the recent CBM discoveries and developments provides a plausible scope for microbially enhanced CBM production from these basins.
... The opened fissures, cracks, or fractures are often found in sediment beds due to the post-depositional subsidence in this basin (Liu et al. 2020). A geological map of the study area with a legend is shown in Fig. 1 (Mazumder and Wolf 2004). The lithotypes like (Mazumder and Wolf 2004) dolerite dikes, mica lamprophyre dike, and sills are closely associated with coal seams ( Table 1). ...
... A geological map of the study area with a legend is shown in Fig. 1 (Mazumder and Wolf 2004). The lithotypes like (Mazumder and Wolf 2004) dolerite dikes, mica lamprophyre dike, and sills are closely associated with coal seams ( Table 1). The Raniganj to Talchir formation is associated with sandstones and shales (Table 1) (Vaish and Pal 2015). ...
Article
Micrometer-scale pore and fracture structures of coal seams are the crucial parameters for the adsorption of coalbed methane (CBM) and recovery. This paper deals with the microstructure’s influence on coal methane sorption behavior obtained from the Jharia Coalfield, India. Coal samples were collected from different seams to study the variability and heterogeneity of the reservoir parameters. Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal samples were determined to predict the rank of the coal. Microstructural parameters like pore size distribution, surface morphology, and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were studied to predict the extent of gas sorption in the coal. The excess amount of methane sorption was determined using a volumetric method at 47 °C temperature and variable pressure. The identified pore volume varied from 0.2 to 3.07 m3/g. The surface morphology indicated inter- and intraparticle pores with spongy surfaces. The pore volume and surface morphology confirmed the favorable sorption of methane in coal samples. The FT-IR study showed the formation of hydrogen bond and methane sorption in coal. The maximum sorption capacity varied from 5.08 to 9.01 cc/g at 400 to 580 m depth. A strong, positive, and nonlinear correlation was observed with pore volume. The results showed that the presence of meso- and micropores and the spongy surface morphology are vital in defining its methane sorption capacity. As a whole, these coals have a higher porosity from 4.9 to 5.64% and meso- and micropores and are suitable for methane sorption.
... Different varieties of coal, such as bituminous and subbituminous ranks, are mainly produced from the Jharia coal bed basin in Jharkhand, India [1]. The Jharia coal bed remains one of the highest producers of coal bed methane *Address correspondence to these authors at the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700156, India; Tel/Fax: +91-8697772025; E-mails: priyanka.bt.jha@gmail.com; ...
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Aim To examine the biodiversity of archaeal sulfate reducers and methanogens present in the underground coal mines of Jharia using metagenomics and pyrosequencing. Objectives • Bioinformatics analysis of the metagenomic data related to taxonomic analysis obtained from the coal to investigate complete archaeal taxonomic features of the coal bed methane (CBM) microbiome • Bioinformatics analysis of the metagenomic data related to functional analysis obtained from the coal to investigate functional features relating to taxonomic diversity of the CBM microbiome • The functional attributes have been examined specifically for ORFs related to sulfite reduction and methanogenesis. The taxonomic and functional biodiversity related to euryarchaeota will help in better understanding of the obstacles associated to methane production imposed by the sulfate reducers. Background The microbial methanogenesis in coal microbiome is a resultant of substrate utilization by primarily fermentative bacteria and methanogens. The present work reveals the biodiversity of archaeal sulfate reducers and methanogens present in the underground coal mines of Jharia using metagenomics and pyrosequencing. Methodology Bioinformatic analysis for structural and functional attributes was accomplished using MG-RAST. The structural analysis was accomplished using RefSeq database whereas the functional analysis was done via CoG database with cut off value, a sequence percent identity and sequence alignment length cut off of 1e−5 , 60% and 45 respectively. Results Attained communities revealed the dominance of hyperthermophilic archaea Pyrococcus furiosus along with Thermococcus kodakarensis in the coal metagenome. Also, results obtained suggest the presence of dissimilatory sulfite reductase and formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase, formylmethanofuran: tetrahydromethanopterin formyltransferase involved in sulfite reduction and methanogenesis respectively in the microbiome. Conclusion This report is the first attempt to showcase the existence of specific euryarchaeal diversity and their related functional attributes from Jharia coal mines through high throughput sequencing. The study helps in developing better understanding towards the presence of indigenous microbes (archaea) and their functions in coal microbiome, which can be utilized further to resolve the energy crisis.
... where RF = gas recovery factor, G i = initial gas content, and G a = abandoned gas content The abandoned gas content (G a ) is typically determined at 100 psi (0.68 MPa) from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (Mazumder and Wolf 2004). Thus the G a value was found to be 1.213 cc/g. ...
Article
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Geophysico-mechanical characterization of coal data are important in the economic success of CH4 extraction as well as a CO2 injection in deep coal seam reservoir. The heterogeneous nature of coal makes the CH4 removal quite challenging because of the complex behaviour of the seam at in situ as well as applied stress level. Coal matrix behaviour depends on several parameters as permeability, porosity, pore pressure, gas content, structural features, etc. plays a leading role in methane extraction. Therefore, extensive laboratory investigation is handiest approached to anticipate the behavior of coal effectively. This paper presents the results of coal characterization, gas permeability, adsorption/desorption capacity of coal as well as the performance of CBM production well in the replicated model of JH-MD-XVI-T coal seam at a depth of 580 m. The coal characterization was determined to evaluate the prospects of methane in the study area. The gas permeability was determined in a triaxial experimental set up using Darcy’s approach to in situ conditions. The decrease in permeability with an increase in confining as well as gas pressure was observed in all coal samples due to the crushing of grain, coal deformation and narrowing of fractures as well as cleats leading to hinder the flow of fluid through it. The well performance was evaluated to determine the gas rate as well as cumulative gas volume over twenty-five years of well life. Mutual relation between permeability, in situ confining pressure as well as gas pressure, has been established statistically.
... For the estimation of future gas production, the decline curve analysis using the exponential decline technique used [25]: ...
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An investigation of the economic potential for recovering methane from virgin coal seams for electricity production at a study area in South Wales, UK, is presented. Utilizing the coal bed methane gas to fuel a CCGT (combined cycle gas turbine) will offer a low carbon option compared to fossil fuel fired power generation for the study area. Cost effectiveness is analysed using both technical and economic data allowing for integration connecting the various sub-processes to the surface processes up to the production of electricity. The model considers both reservoir conditions and engineering factors to calculate the EUR (enhanced ultimate recovery), the CAPEX (capital expenditure) and the OPEX (operational expenditure) of the coupled CBM-CCGT process. The projected UK Navigant gas prices and the DECC electricity prices are then used to estimate the LCOE (levelised costs of electricity) and obtain the financial performance of the coupled CBM-CCGT process. Calculation results showed that the probable cost of electricity (LCOE) amounts to 37 £/MWh and the return on investment could be in the excess of 77%. For the selected study area, the coupled CBM-CCGT process could potentially be an economic option for power generation
... For the estimation of future gas production, the decline curve analysis using the exponential decline technique used (Mazumder & Wolf 2004): ...
Article
Full-text available
An investigation of the economic potential for recovering methane from virgin coal seams for electricity production at a study area in South Wales, UK, is presented. Utilizing the coal bed methane gas to fuel a CCGT (combined cycle gas turbine) will offer a low carbon option compared to fossil fuel fired power generation for the study area. Cost effectiveness is analysed using both technical and economic data allowing for integration connecting the various sub-processes to the surface processes up to the production of electricity. The model considers both reservoir conditions and engineering factors to calculate the EUR (enhanced ultimate recovery), the CAPEX (capital expenditure) and the OPEX (operational expenditure) of the coupled CBM-CCGT process. The projected UK Navigant gas prices and the DECC electricity prices are then used to estimate the LCOE (levelised costs of electricity) and obtain the financial performance of the coupled CBM-CCGT process. Calculation results showed that the probable cost of electricity (LCOE) amounts to 37 £/MWh and the return on investment could be in the excess of 77%. For the selected study area, the coupled CBM-CCGT process could potentially be an economic option for power generation.
... Comparisons of the depth of CBM III and CBM IV basins Comparisons of the thickness of CBM III and CBM IV basins Comparisons of the gas content of CBM III and CBM IV basinsTheoretical Studies on CBM in India Mazumder and Wolf[39] studied CBM potential of Barkar formation, Jharia basin in India and applicability of material balance and declining curve analysis in the CBM evaluation. Pophare et al.[40] reported results of coal characteristics and adsorption isotherm experiments on Sawang Colliery, Jharkhand. ...
Article
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Gas consumption in India has grown at an annual rate of 10% from 2001–2011. To meet an increase in gas demand, India needs to develop unconventional gas resources like coal bed methane (CBM) and shale gas. India has 91 trillion cubic feet (Tcf) of CBM resource. To develop CBM resource in India, CBM policy was frame in 1997 and first round of bidding took place in 2001. Till the end of round-IV of CBM bidding, Government of India awarded 33 CBM blocks to public and private industries. The prognosticated CBM resource for the awarded 33 CBM blocks is about 52 Tcf. Commercial CBM production has started from Raniganj (South) block since 14 July 2007 which now contributes 7.7 million standard cubic feet per day (MMscfd). In this study, the commercially successful global CBM basins have analyzed to understand important parameters for CBM productivity. Indian CBM blocks compared with commercially successful global CBM basins for depth, thickness and gas content. Study shows good CBM production potential in Indian CBM blocks. Technical, regulatory, environment and infrastructural aspects for CBM development in India is discussed.
... The bituminous and subbituminous ranks of coals are being produced from the Jharia basin of Jharkhand (Mazumder and Wolf, 2004) which is the largest producer of CBM in India. The presence of denitrifying bacteria in the formation water collected from Jharia coal bed basin was reported by Singh et al. (2012). ...
... Observations, presented earlier, unambiguously demonstrate the relationship between S H and discordant structural elements like face cleat, faults and dykes. High-resolution lineament studies carried out in Jharia basin had indicated the presence of three lineaments mainly: NNE-SSW, NE-SW and NW-SE in their order of dominance (Mazumder and Wolf, 2004). The variability of S H orientation is similar to that reported from other areas of the coalfield around the world where cleat is seen to vary with position with respect to faults and other structures in the mine (Bachu and Michael, 2003;Bell, 2006;Bell and Bachu, 2003;Laubach et al., 1998;Pashin, 1998;Wolf et al., 2008). ...
Article
Cleats and fractures in coal of Barakar Formation in Jharia coalfield, India have been mapped from the coal exposures around 21 opencast and 2 underground coal mines. Macro-cleat distribution, observed from this mapping is similar to that of well-developed coalbed methane (CBM) basins. The opencast coal mines are distributed in SE–NW direction along the boundary of the sickle shaped Jharia coal basin. Permeability of CBM through coal seams is the most critical property deciding the viability of any CBM field. It is largely controlled by the degree of cleat development. This paper discusses cleat orientation and other structural features, observed in the outcrops of 14 major coal seams in Jharia coalfield and its directional relationship with the in-situ stress (SH) orientation pattern. Cleat orientation is found to vary laterally within same seam at the different locations, distributed from the south-east part to the north-western part of Jharia coalfield. Face cleat orientation of the 21 opencast coal mines varies from N45°E to N45°W. Change of orientation of cleat, observed around the mining areas is related the orientation of fault systems and orientation of igneous intrusions occurring within the coal bearing packet. Maximum in-situ horizontal compressive stress (SH) direction is found to be parallel to the face cleat orientation in normal faulted basin like Jharia coalfield. An overall, NNE–SSW and NW–SE orientation of the SH direction is predicted in the coal mines from cleat orientation mapping. SH orientation is locally modified at places, close to the tectonic features and igneous intrusives. Finite element stress modeling is carried out near Moonidih area. Cleat orientation predicted stress direction matches well with the finite element stress results.
Article
Coalbed methane (CBM) is an emerging clean coal technology in India to extract in-situ entrapped methane of coal beds. Methane is a greenhouse and a calorific valuable gas providing an energy source for power production. The capture of entrapped methane gas prior to coal mining or from unmineable deep coal seams would result in a safe, clean and viable energy source. The use of major greenhouse gas CO2 for desorbing the entrapped methane in coal beds would result in efficient carbon capture and storage (CCS). As India contains 37% of coal reserves in the deep underground (>300 m), enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) is a promising clean coal technology for methane recovery as well as CO2 sequestration. The present study evaluates the CBM potential of Indian bituminous/sub-bituminous coal reserves using Kim׳s correlation and further estimates the CO2 sequestration capacity of coal seams. These data are useful to the industries, which are aiming at the CBM resources of India. Further, the technical feasibility of ECBM integration with underground coal gasification (UCG) technology is also discussed for clean recovery of deep underground coal resources.