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Travel patterns in daily life differ greatly between women and men, and differences in socialisation substantially impact travel mode choice. The literature has demonstrated a higher affinity towards local public transportation and sustainability for women. Men, by contrast, show a higher affinity towards cars, technology, and innovation. However,...
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... contrast with the actual primary mode of transport, Fig. 9 provides the shares of the preferred mode of transport of women and men with and without a young child in the household. Almost half of the sample said the car and approximately 20% said the bicycle was their favourite mode of transport. These values are similar for men and women; nevertheless, the differences are significant (p < ...
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Citations
... Studies including [65][66][67][68] have revealed that females care more for the environment compared to males, often because of gendered roles and socialization practices within home. In the domestic setup, females are said to be the regular water managers [69]. ...
Due to climate change and increased urbanisation, the current level of freshwater withdrawals and corresponding water usage in Uganda has increased, affecting the availability of these resources and becoming a concern. Education can play a crucial role in providing support to and training students on sustainable water use, both at home and in relation to school activities. Therefore, it is imperative that the education system develops actions, approaches and materials to achieve this goal. The paper assesses the current state of existing Ugandan education on this subject, by identifying the water-related topics currently featured in the curriculum at different class levels, with the aid of questionnaires conducted in four schools in Uganda. Three questionnaires (one for primary school pupils, one for secondary school pupils and one for teachers) were designed for collecting targeted data, and thematic analysis was adopted to analyse the data collected. The results revealed important insights regarding students’ behaviours towards water usage at home. They also revealed that water sustainability topics are delivered in the science curriculum at the primary level, as opposed to geography at the secondary level, confirming that overall, there is a lack of integrated practical teaching incorporated within the courses currently taught in Ugandan schools.
... Studies have shown that women living in urban areas experience the greatest anxiety at waiting areas of public transport stations and stops (Ceccato & Nalla, 2020;Coppola & Silvestri, 2021;Loukaitou-Sideris et al., 2009;Ouali et al., 2020). Although women rely more heavily on public transport than men (Duchene, 2011;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020), the fields of transportation planning and mobility innovation remain male-dominated (Criado-Perez, 2019;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Priya Uteng, 2021). For these reasons, it is vital to adopt gender-sensitive mobility policies and to adapt such facilities to the needs and demands of women. ...
... Studies have shown that women living in urban areas experience the greatest anxiety at waiting areas of public transport stations and stops (Ceccato & Nalla, 2020;Coppola & Silvestri, 2021;Loukaitou-Sideris et al., 2009;Ouali et al., 2020). Although women rely more heavily on public transport than men (Duchene, 2011;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020), the fields of transportation planning and mobility innovation remain male-dominated (Criado-Perez, 2019;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Priya Uteng, 2021). For these reasons, it is vital to adopt gender-sensitive mobility policies and to adapt such facilities to the needs and demands of women. ...
... However, as results of this study overall indicate gender differences, with women's stronger preference for more greenery, we highlight the importance of a gender-specific approach to greenery and public transport buildings. Stressing women's greater dependence on public transport and their poor representation as decision-makers within the mobility sector (Criado-Perez, 2019;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Priya Uteng, 2021) may lead to the appointment of more female decisionmakers/designers and thus foster the introduction of more greenery at railway stations. ...
The increasing density of urban spaces and buildings is undermining public health. To compensate, there is a growing trend towards biophilic design, including at one of the most frequented and highly functional sites: railway stations. Previous studies have confirmed the economic feasibility of station greenery and users' preference for this but also their reluctance to pay for greenery compared to other services. One research gap is the lack of consideration given to the full range and dose-response correlation of urban cultural ecosystem services provided by station greenery. To fill this gap, we present the development and implementation of a method using static 2D representations of virtual reality scenes generated from a digital twin. In a between-subjects experiment (N = 352), participants were randomly assigned to assess one of three levels of greenery by means of a six-item semantic differential. Supported by statistically significant differences between groups, we could identify improvements in well-being, aesthetics, stress reduction, perception of safety, psychological noise reduction and identity. Further, women were found to prefer higher levels of greenery than men. Based on our results, we recommend applying the method to evaluate planning options and that (more) greenery be introduced at metropolitan stations as part of biophilic design.
... Mobility is not gender neutral. Significant differences between men and women can be found (Kawgan-Kagan, 2020). According to research implemented in Spain, women's choice is greatly influenced by, for example, their income, family, and household structure, while men's choice of transport is more resistant to changes (Sánchez and González, 2016). ...
... However, the results are based on pilots in a strongly female-dominated workplace. Previous research has shown that women usually utilize more diverse means of mobility (Sánchez and González, 2016;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020). Thus, the positive results may partly be explained by the fact that the pilots were implemented in a femaledominated workplace. ...
The transport sector represents about 30 per cent of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in developed countries. Developing sustainable transport and mobility play a central role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable mobility means a mind shift where transport in private cars is replaced by different modes of more sustainable mobility, such as, walking, biking, and public transport. The transformation toward more sustainable mobility plays a key role in reaching CO2 emission reduction goals. However, in addition to the environmental perspective, also social and economic aspects are interconnected in the change. In this sustainability shift, employers can encourage the employees through offering and supporting new alternatives for mobility. This article aims to study how different sustainable mobility initiatives provided by an employer are adopted by employees. This case study presents a set of pilots implemented at a workplace in Lahti, Finland in May-October 2022. The mobility forms offered for commuting were fringe benefits from employment, that is, employer-subsidized commuter tickets and employer-provided bicycle benefits. Travel during the workday was supported through introducing the use of shared electric city bikes and scooters. The research data consisted of short surveys before (n = 70) and at the end of the pilots (n = 66), and thematic interviews (n = 8) during the implementation period. The pilots were implemented in collaboration with the employer and two local universities. Before the pilots, the main part of the employee participants was using private cars for commuting and travel during the workday.
... Mobility is not gender neutral. Significant differences between men and women can be found (Kawgan-Kagan, 2020). According to research implemented in Spain, women's choice is greatly influenced by, for example, their income, family, and household structure, while men's choice of transport is more resistant to changes (Sánchez and González, 2016). ...
... However, the results are based on pilots in a strongly female-dominated workplace. Previous research has shown that women usually utilize more diverse means of mobility (Sánchez and González, 2016;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020). Thus, the positive results may partly be explained by the fact that the pilots were implemented in a femaledominated workplace. ...
... Women and men interact differently with the environment, with several studies indicating that women have more favourable attitudes towards nature than men, showing less harmful behaviour towards the environment (Emakunde, 2014; Kawgan-Kagan, 2020). Women are more in favour of establishing restrictions and obligations in favour of sustainable management of natural resources (Emakunde, 2014;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020). This would explain the more favourable attitude of women towards the information received on the positive impact of wild vegetation in the city compared to the men interviewed. ...
The use of spontaneous wild vegetation (SWV) in the plans for urban greening in many cities is beginning to be discussed. However, little is known about how it is perceived and valued by citizens. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SWV on landscape preferences. An online questionnaire was designed and given to a sample of 708 people in Latin America. The results show that they prefer more formal green spaces to those dominated by SWV. Once informed of the benefits that SWV brings to the city, preferences change, with wild vegetation spaces being more appreciated than formal ones. However, this pattern of preferences changes after 30 days. Preferences return to their initial point, with formal green spaces being appreciated again over wild spaces. The analyses show the importance of environmental education in urban greening strategies to communicate clearly, repeatedly and participatively the benefits of using SWV in public green spaces.
... The presented results regarding more frequent sustainable travel by women are also confirmed by other studies conducted by world researchers. Women are more likely to choose sustainable means of transport and are more aware of the ecological aspects of rational travel [44]- [48]. In relation to the above, the respondents were also asked if they had a driving license and what means of personal transport they had (Figure 4). ...
... Daha önce yapılmış saha çalışmaları kadın ve erkeklerin çevre duyarlılıklarının farklı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır (Martin-Lopez vd., 2012;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Bord & O'Connor, 1997). ...
z Toplumsal cinsiyet, kadın ve erkek arasındaki toplumsal ve kültürel farklılıkları anlatmak için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Toplumsallaşma sürecinde inşa edilen bu farklılıklar, kadın ve erkeklerin ilgi, beklenti, davranış ve tutumlarının da farklı olmasına neden olmaktadır. Kadın ve erkeğin çevre duyarlılıklarının toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi bu çalışmanın konusu olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin çevreye yönelik tutum ve davranışlara nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymak bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Araştırma, Şanlıurfa il merkezinde yaşayan 392 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara online olarak anket uygulanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizi SPSS programı aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ile çevre duyarlılığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kadınların çevre duyarlılıklarının erkeklerinkinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
... Daha önce yapılmış saha çalışmaları kadın ve erkeklerin çevre duyarlılıklarının farklı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır (Martin-Lopez vd., 2012;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Bord & O'Connor, 1997). ...
Toplumsal cinsiyet, kadın ve erkek arasındaki toplumsal ve kültürel farklılıkları anlatmak için kullanılan bir kavramdır. Toplumsallaşma sürecinde inşa edilen bu farklılıklar, kadın ve erkeklerin ilgi, beklenti, davranış ve tutumlarının da farklı olmasına neden olmaktadır. Kadın ve erkeğin çevre duyarlılıklarının toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında incelenmesi bu çalışmanın konusu olmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin çevreye yönelik tutum ve davranışlara nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymak bu çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Araştırma, Şanlıurfa il merkezinde yaşayan 392 kişi ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara online olarak anket uygulanmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizi SPSS programı aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ile çevre duyarlılığı arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada kadınların çevre duyarlılıklarının erkeklerinkinden daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
... The literature is extensive and consensual regarding gender inequality and mobility (Cubells et al., 2020;Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Montoya-Robledo et al., 2020;Olivieri & Fageda, 2021) . The literature has shown that the movement patterns of women are more complex than those of men (Montoya-Robledo et al., 2020;Olivieri & Fageda, 2021) . ...
... These mobility differences are intrinsically linked to gender representations and lead women to specific mobility needs (Carvalho & Oliveira, 2017). This happens, among other reasons, due to the time that women dedicate to housework (Olivieri & Fageda, 2021) , tend to work closer to their area of residence ( Kawgan-Kagan , 2020) and to have greater responsibilities in relation to the care of children. family members (Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Montoya-Robledo et al., 2020) , particularly in relation to childcare. ...
... This happens, among other reasons, due to the time that women dedicate to housework (Olivieri & Fageda, 2021) , tend to work closer to their area of residence ( Kawgan-Kagan , 2020) and to have greater responsibilities in relation to the care of children. family members (Kawgan-Kagan, 2020;Montoya-Robledo et al., 2020) , particularly in relation to childcare. According to Kawgan-Kagan (2020), both men and women, when they do not have children, have a higher rate of car use when they are in paid employment. ...
Mobility and transport are central themes for understanding the future of territories. Mobility practices and styles are strongly associated with complex realities, such as those related to climate change. Despite the centrality of the concepts, both mobility and climate change have taken a long time to be problematized, under the prism of gender equality. However, the existing literature allows us to establish that, given the complexity of the societal challenges that lie ahead, gender is increasingly a determining variable, to be considered, from a double perspective, both by policymakers at the local level and by decision-makers. In this sense, our argument focuses on the political and sociological relevance of gender in the climate debate and urban mobility. More specifically, this article seeks to understand how gender and urban mobility issues were integrated into Municipal Plans for Adaptation to Climate Change, in 17 municipalities in Portugal. To this end, a thematic content analysis of the Municipal Plans was carried out, aiming to (i) map the priority measures of the municipalities, in relation to mobility; (ii) and understand how gender is considered in adaptation measures to climate change. This text summarizes the results achieved, starting with a brief theoretical framework on the various proposed concepts.
... In fact, evidence on different transport patterns in women's daily mobility has been proven by several scholars who reported on the higher number of daily trips and shorter daily trip distances compared to men, mainly associated to domestic chores, as well as family dependent reasons (Rosenbloom, 2004;European Parliament, 2012;Kawgan-Kagan, 2015;Ng and Acker, 2018;Closing Gap, 2019;García-Jiménez et al., 2020). ...
... Evidence from these FG discussions is aligned with previous literature on the topic of women mobility patterns, as illustrated in section 2.1. More in detail, women participating in this analysis confirm the outcome of previous scholars who have identified women daily mobility as more complex and time-consuming due to essentially family related responsibilities (Rosenbloom, 2004;European Parliament, 2012;Kawgan-Kagan, 2015;Ng and Acker, 2018;Closing Gap, 2019;García-Jiménez et al., 2020). ...
