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Variations of un-maned vehicles or drones are widely used in diverse fields, including monitoring or manipulation with dangerous substances. One of the best drone construction, which can be used in these fields is an X-copter. This paper serves as an introduction to basics of quadcopter anatomy and advice to choose components based on their propert...
Citations
... At the college and undergraduate levels, the focus has been the design and construction of drones in credit courses. For example, the process of building a drone has been reported as an educational proposal [24]. There is also the record of an implemented course where the students designed and built a test-rig, although the activities did not include the system's dynamics modeling [25]. ...
Accelerated advances in science and technology drive the need for professionals with flexible problem-solving abilities towards a collaborative working environment. The advances pose a challenge to educational institutions about how to develop learning environments that contribute to meeting the aforementioned necessity. Additionally, the fast pace of technology and innovative knowledge are encouraging universities to employ challenge-based-learning (CBL) approaches in engineering education supported by modern technology such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and other advanced electronic devices. Within the framework of competency-based education (CBE) and CBL are the design, implementation, and evaluation of an intensive 40 h elective course which includes a 5-day challenge to promote the development of disciplinary and transversal competencies in undergraduate engineering students whilst relying on UAVs as the medium where the teaching–learning process takes place. Within this credit course, a case study was carried out considering the framework of an exploratory mixed-methods educational research approach that sought a broad understanding of the studied phenomena using various data collection instruments with quantitative and qualitative characteristics. An innovative academic tool was introduced, namely a thematic UAV platform that systematically exposed students to the principles underlying robotic systems and the scientific method, thereby stimulating their intellectual curiosity as a trigger to solve the posed challenge. Moreover, students came up with innovative teamwork-based solutions to a designed challenge while having an enjoyable and motivating time flying drones on an indoor obstacle course arranged by themselves. The preliminary findings may contribute to the design of other CBL experiences, supported by technology applied for educational purposes, which could promote the development of more disciplinary and transversal competencies in future engineers.
... Motors designed for UAVs and similar applications have a Kv value, which refers to the velocity constant of the motor (Reid, 2017). Kv is the number of RPM that the motor turns when one volt is applied with no load, or RPM per volt (Sustek & Úředníček, 2018). Optimal requirements for a photography UAV are to have large propellers, on motors with a low Kv value, that will rotate at a lower RPM, and produce a higher torque. ...
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) have found a wide range of applications for industrial and commercial use. Most UAVs have an on-board camera, for photography, or surveillance purposes with ground station communications and are technically referred to as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). These Commercially Off The Shelf (COTS) models are costly, generally sold and operated by large companies. Considering the three main aspects of an inspection UAS; the camera, the flight controller, and the motors, designing and developing an inspection UAS can be inexpensive in comparison to the COTS UASs. Application based designing can reduce costs immensely, where specific requirements are set out to design the UAS. Setting out the criteria for image quality and size for inspection purposes allows a design iteration to happen. COTS UAS, for example, using high quality cameras that are primarily used in cinematography, but has also been used for industrial applications, is costly and unjustified here. In this paper the weight, current draw and image quality requirements have been analysed, to select components that are suitable for the purpose while being cost effective. This results in a low cost, application based UAS design. As the system is primarily for inspections in preventive maintenance for aircraft, photography-based inspection is the main focus.
... It has an antenna that emits the control data to the drone. Depending on the complexity of the UAV it can also show telemetry data from the drone and multimedia [4]. ...
In the recent years, there has been an increase in the demand and use of unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAV) know as drones. Even though there are restrictions for its use by
licensed drivers and in determined areas, it has been notorious that these devices are
used carelessly in public areas putting in risk the integrity of people. In order to address
these issues, we propose the creation of a software tool that can help detect drones and
block both its communications with the remote controller, and it’s global navigation
satellite system (GNSS) capabilities.
This solution runs in a Raspberry Pi under an Ubuntu Server installation, and use an
external software defined radio (SDR) named HackRF One for both reception (Rx) and
transmission (Tx) of radio frequency (RF) signals. This software tool has been developed
using Python as the programming language, and GNURadio as the software
development kit (SDK) that gives the system the capacbility to execute
telecommunications tasks.
The solution consists of five Python scripts with its respective user interface for a manual
operation. The main script works as a controller for the four remaining RF reception and
transmission scripts, and is in charge of providing them with its main execution
parameters. It also offers visual tools to explore the RF data generated by the others
scripts. The base script is is in charge of obtaining our reference power values for
frequencies between 1MHz and 6 GHz. The spectrum scan and band scan scripts are in
charge of comparing the real time power values against the reference values, and
generate statistics that can help us identify the frequencies in which there is an unusual
RF activity. The last script is in charge of generating a noisy signal that can block or
interfere communications in different frequency bands where we expect drone RF activity.
It was proved that despite the computation limits of a Raspberry Pi, this software can be
installed and executed in this computer, scanning the RF spectrum between 1MHz and 6
GHz, and identifying unusual RF activity in frequencies used by drones. It was also
proved that a noisy signal generated by our system can indeed interfere or block
completely the communications of a drone with its remote controller, and with the GNSS.
The solution proposed here is a starting point for a more robust UAV detection and
jamming system.
