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Population by tenure status, 2011 (% of population). Source: Eurostat.

Population by tenure status, 2011 (% of population). Source: Eurostat.

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Leasing a property is sometimes not a real alternative to homeownership in many countries. A low proportion of rented housing hinders the efficiency of the housing market. Reasons for this may be of different natures but, for sure, most of them have roots in the urban leases legal system. A lease conceived as not flexible, not stable, and not affor...

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... undertake the comparative perspective some Southern European countries (Spain, Portugal, Greece, Italy and Malta), that, according to Eurostat 2011 (see Figure 1), have relatively low rates (in fact, the lowest, leaving apart former communist countries) of rented housing and the three European countries (Switzerland, Germany and Austria) with highest rental rates (social and private combined) have been chosen. Present work has been possible thanks to the provisional country reports 6 of the first deep European-wide research on law of leases backed by the 7 th Framework Programme of the specific economic policy conditionality of 3-5-2011, available at http://economico.sapo.pt/public/uploads/memorandotroika_04-05-2011.pdf ; last checked on 14-6-2013). ...

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... Thus, the private rental market works as a residual type of housing tenure, both for those who cannot afford buying a property and those who do not have an access to social housing. Therefore, it can be concluded that the slight increase in the rental sector since 2007 is mainly due to a forced option for many families because of the bad economic situation, the lack of alternative attractive housing tenures (Nasarre Aznar, 2014) and the rental black market (which represented 41.4 per cent of the total in 2015) (El Mundo, 2016). This, in turn, affects the transparency of the rental sector and the quality of rented properties and, therefore, worsens the situation of tenants (Nasarre Aznar and Garcia Teruel, 2016). ...
... Catalan principles 2017 These are precisely the reasons why Catalonia has started to develop a new legal framework (a new model) for urban leases since July 2016, following the outcomes of TENLAW project (TENLAW, 2017). It seeks to offer stability, affordability and flexibility to tenants and profitability, legal certainty and guarantees to landlords (Nasarre Aznar, 2014). A proper Act is likely to be passed by the end of 2017, but the Tables for a rent-reference system is already available in July 2017 at: http://agenciahabitatge.gencat.cat/indexdelloguer/. ...
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... Other European countries following the civil law tradition have regulated a sort of "intermediate tenures" (Whitehead and Scanlon, 2007, p. 144;Elsinga et al., 2007, p. 318;Nasarre-Aznar, 2014b), e.g. The Netherlands regulates what is known as "Koopgarant", a sort of restricted ownership that entitles the purchaser to buy a dwelling from a housing association at a discount of 25-30 per cent (in return for which, profits or losses are shared between the homeowner and the housing association when the property is sold afterwards). ...
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