Table 7 - uploaded by Oskar Kowalewski
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Purpose: This study examines the determinants of ex-ante state capture in Poland.
Methodology: In order to establish the determinants of ex-ante state capture a logistic regression is estimated.
Findings: The study shows that in Poland the majority of legal acts were passed with the aim to satisfy the interest of particular groups. Furthermore, the...
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Citations
... capture in Poland that has shown that periods of slower economic growth (which may mean an aggravation of fiscal problems) did not lead to an increase in state capture. On the contrary , the likelihood of state capture was positively correlated with periods of higher economic growth, while the start of the global financial crisis had a " wake-up effect, " significantly decreasing the likelihood of state capture in that period (Alwasiak et al., 2013 ). Besides, the fiscal needs of the government may have an adverse effect on privatization trends, stimulating the cautious selling of the elements of state property; however, ...
This paper presents an analysis of the causes and manifestations of Poland’s recent shift in economic policy towards a more active role of the state, and uses privatization policy as an example. This change coincided with a shift in “fashion” in economic policy, away from the idea of “state failure” and more towards the idea of “market failure.” Our paper begins with a brief presentation of the recent changes in the theoretical approach towards the role of the state in the market economy and of studies devoted to privatization policies in post-communist countries, the latter having, in our view, critical gaps, which we attempt to fill in this paper. To meet this goal, we first discuss the Poland’s privatization policy and its place in economic policy during the transition period, as well as its evolution from promoting systemic change towards focusing on predominantly fiscal goals. Analyzing the effects of this privatization policy, we point to a large unfinished agenda in ownership transformation that has had an adverse impact on the institutional setup of the Polish state, creating grounds for rent seeking and cronyism, which, in turn, impede the pace of privatization. We conclude that it is the increasing capture of the state by rent-seeking groups, and not, contrary to popular opinion, the global financial crisis, that most contributes to the growing statist trends of Poland’s economic policy.
Straipsnio objektas yra pokyčiai Lietuvoje ir jų vertinimas iš visuomenės ir elito perspektyvos. Todėl pirmojoje dalyje, naudojantis pokyčius ekonomikos, visuomenės ir valdymo srityse fiksuojančiais įvairiais rodikliais ir indeksais, yra apibūdinami pagrindiniai bendrieji pokyčiai Lietuvoje 2004–2014 m. Jie rodo sparčią Lietuvos ekonominę konvergenciją su Europos Sąjunga, didesnę aukštąjį ir vidurinį išsimokslinimą įgijusių Lietuvos gyventojų dalį ir pailgėjusius sveiko gyvenimo metus, tačiau taip pat stagnaciją daugumos struktūrinių ilgalaikę pažangą lemiančių rodiklių atžvilgiu. Straipsnyje taip pat nagrinėjama paskutinio dešimtmečio viešosios politikos kaita ir jos pokyčių šaltiniai. Daroma išvada, jog, nepaisant galimybių po 2004 m. nacionalizuoti viešosios politikos darbotvarkę, joje ir toliau svarbią vietą užima ES klausimai, o pokyčius viešojoje politikoje lyginant su laikotarpiu prieš stojant į ES, jie buvo mažesni. Antroji straipsnio dalis analizuoja, kaip pokyčius Lietuvoje vertina gyventojai ir elitas ir koks šių vertinimų santykis. Lietuvos politinio elito apklausos duomenys parodė, jog elitas didžiausius ir labai teigiamus pokyčius 2004–2014 m. mato esant valstybės tarnybos gebėjimų srityje ir įgyvendinant vienodo teisės aktų taikymo principą. Visuomenė pokyčius vertina pesimistiškiau, egzistuoja visuomenės ir elito vertinimų atotrūkis. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad pesimistines gyventojų nuotaikas lemia dėl ES paramos reikšmingai nepasikeitusi visuomenės nelygybės struktūra ir neišpildyti dideli gyventojų ekonominiai lūkesčiai. Be to, gavus ES struktūrinę paramą padidėjęs Lietuvos biudžetas dar paskatino valstybės užgrobimą ir korupciją, dėl kurių tikrojo ir įsivaizduojamo masto visuomenė yra pesimistiškesnė ir bendrųjų pokyčių atžvilgiu.