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Currently, the high added-value compounds contained in plant by-products and wastes offer a wide spectrum of opportunities for their reuse and valorization, contributing to the circular economy. The bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is an exotic vegetable with high nutritional value that, after processing, leaves wastes (peel, seeds, and leaves) that...
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... have shown antioxidant effects and exhibited potential health benefits for the human body [33]. In this context, bell pepper fruits are an excellent source of phenolic acids and flavonoids [34], as listed in Table 2. In general, the concentration of polyphenol compounds in bell peppers varies with variety and color, ranging from 5.59 to 52.65 mg of gallic acid equivalent per gram of edible portion [22][23][24]. ...Similar publications
Background: This special issue contains new developments in the field of fresh produce quality. Freshness provides the appeal for the consumer to purchase a particular horticulturalproduce. Freshness is a combination of size, colour, shape, flesh firmness, turgescence andglossiness without wilting, which imply that the produce has been picked only...
Dried and ground red pepper is a spice used as seasoning in various traditional dishes all over the world; nevertheless, the pedoclimatic conditions of the diverse cultivation areas provide different chemical characteristics, and, consequently, diverse organoleptic properties to this product. In the present study, the volatile profiles of 96 sample...
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... Access to this knowledge by women gatherers could positively impact food processing. For example, previous research has highlighted that edible peels and seeds lost in fruit processing contain considerable dietary fiber and bioactive compounds that can be reused or recycled for producing new foods [65][66][67]. Then, we propose that collaboration among women gatherers and associative projects with different stakeholders of the food industry and academia are necessary for developing new healthy foods and valorizing cauchao by-products. ...
The collection of the ancestral fruit cauchao (Amomyrtus luma) is part of the routines of women gatherers from the extreme south (44° South Latitude) in Chile. The traditional food knowledge of cauchao has not been documented, and there is no data on the nutritional composition. Women’s experiences collecting cauchao can help understand the relationship between traditional food, herbal medicine, and local gatherers’ communities. Thus, this research explores the traditional knowledge of food and the nutritional composition of cauchao. Mixed methods research was performed. A case study included in-depth interviews with 12 women gatherers and thematic analysis. The composition of macronutrients in cauchao was obtained by proximate chemical analyses and dietary fiber using the enzymatic-gravimetric method. Results showed that gathering for these women was more than just extracting natural resources; it was associated with family, food security, participation in different stages of the food system, and practices that could contribute towards sustainable food systems. Furthermore, cauchao fruit showed a high dietary fiber content, and women gatherers did not connect cauchao with dietary fiber. Since access to knowledge by small-scale food producers, especially women, is part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG#2.3), the approach of this research may help guide knowledge transfer among women gatherers.
... Recently, oleoresin (Ol) has been identified as a red-dark, oil, spicy taste stemming from chili peppers. Ol contains biologically active compounds, such as carotenoids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and cap-saicinoids [2]. These capsaicinoids include nordihydrocapsaicin, vanillyl amide, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin, among other compounds, the most important being capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, which represent 90% of the total and contain hydroxyl groups [3,4]. ...
... NCFs can act as carriers or can be used for the delivery of chemical compounds, minerals, vitamins, probiotics, and antibacterial agents [14,15]. Drug delivery system nanomaterials have garnered significant research interest due to their site-specific activity, enhanced bioavailability, and superior therapeutic index, which result from their ability to dispense adequate doses of medication and provide controllable releases of the encapsulated agent [2][3][4]. ...
Capsicum annuum L. var. “Chile de árbol” combined with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and TiO2-ZnO oxides synthesized at different molar ratios and pH (Ti-Zn A and B 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3) via the sol-gel method was characterized by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC-DAD), and a release profile through mathematical models to explain its behavior. Furthermore, FTIR revealed the presence of PLGA, TiO2, and ZnO as well as amino group characteristics from oleoresin components, principally alkaloid groups (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin), as evidenced by HPLC, to identify the presence of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. The UV-Vis spectra showed a slight hypsochromic shift in the PLGA treatments. The release profile demonstrated a higher controllable release in the PLGA treatments than in the double nanoemulsions. Moreover, it is important to note that the effect of NPs influenced the release profile itself, increasing the release when NPs were synthesized at an acidic pH. Therefore, the TiZnOl/PLGA A characteristics suggest that these results have potential for pharmaceutical (as drug carriers) and medical applications.
... It is also notable for its high amount of PUFA and carotenoids, such as lycopene and beta-carotene, which are known for their antioxidant effects. Waste from bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) is a good source of carotenoids and vitamins C and E. The varying TPC and TFC across different bell pepper samples underline its antioxidant potential [118]. Eggplant (Solanum melongena), both in its fruit and pulp forms, has relatively low levels of protein and fat but provides a balanced ratio of lipids [119]. ...
As global demand increases for poultry products, innovative feeding strategies that reduce resource efficiency and improve food safety are urgently needed. This paper explores the potential of alternative sustainable poultry feeding strategies aimed at achieving SDG2 (Zero Hunger) while increasing production performance and food quality, focusing on the potential recycling of by-products, plants, and food waste derived from fruits, vegetables, and seeds, which account for up to 35% annually. The paper provides a review analysis of the nutritional (protein, fat, fiber, and ash) and minerals (i.e., calcium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, and iron) content as well as the bioactive compounds (polyphenols, antioxidants, carotenoids, fatty acids, and vitamins) of alternative feed ingredients, which can contribute to resource efficiency, reduce dependency on conventional feeds, and lower production costs by 25%. The nutritional benefits of these alternative feed ingredients, including their effects on poultry production and health, and their potential for improving poultry product quality, are presented. Carrot, paprika, rosehip, and some berry waste represent a great source of carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, while the seed meals (flax, rapeseed, and sea buckthorn) have been reported to enhance the essential fatty acid composition in eggs and meat. Numerous plants (basil, sage, rosemary, and lettuce) are natural reservoirs of bioactive compounds with benefits for both animal and food products. Some challenges in implementing these alternative sustainable feeding strategies, including inconsistencies in quality and availability, the presence of anti-nutrients, and regulatory barriers, are also explored. In conclusion, future research directions in sustainable poultry feeding with alternative feed ingredients should be considered to achieve SDG2.
... Phenolic compounds (e.g., phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and so forth) are secondary metabolites that are widely found in Capsicum plants (Liu et al., 2020;Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). It has been shown that these compounds can promote human health, mainly due to their antioxidant activity, which is associated with a reduced risk of cancers, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders (Sova and Saso, 2020;Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). ...
... Phenolic compounds (e.g., phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and so forth) are secondary metabolites that are widely found in Capsicum plants (Liu et al., 2020;Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). It has been shown that these compounds can promote human health, mainly due to their antioxidant activity, which is associated with a reduced risk of cancers, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders (Sova and Saso, 2020;Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). ...
Capsicum pepper is a rich source of phytochemical compounds such as capsaicinoids, phenols, flavonoids, and so forth. Due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential all of these compounds have been assessed and used for both human and plant health benefits. Herein, three fresh varieties of Capsicum annuum (Cacho de Cabra, Bell pepper, and Hungarian Wax varieties) and one fresh and ripe variety of C. baccatum (Cristal) were evaluated. Capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin and the phenolic content of Capsicum spp. extracts were characterised. The antifungal potential of capsaicinoids and antioxidant activities, and the ecotoxicity of each Capsicum spp. extract, using the model Galleria mellonella, were also evaluated. Phytochemical analyses showed that the Cristal and Hungarian Wax varieties presented the highest amount of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, and nordihydrocapsaicin; while Bell Pepper had the highest phenol content and antioxidant activity. Capsaicinoids’ standards and Capsicum spp. extracts showed fungistatic activity against the fungal strains assessed. For the fungal strains assessed, the fungistatic activities of capsaicinoids’ standards were higher than those observed in Capsicum spp. extracts. The Hungarian Wax extracts inhibited slightly the growth of Aspergillus niger MUM05.11 and Fusarium oxysporum MUM16.143. Similarly, A. niger, F. oxysporum, Rhizopus arrhizus MUM16.05 and Alternaria sp. UFRO17.178 had their growth retarded by the use of Cacho de Cabra and Cristal extracts. Noticeable changes were observed in the fungal strains’ morphologies, such as the presence of fragile fungal structures, pigmentation loss, variation in the reproductive structures size and the conidia number. Capsicum extracts weaken the growth of fungi, indicating their fungistatic potential. Considering the fungistatic potential and non-ecotoxicity of these extracts, it is possible to suggest their use as a tool for pest management in the agri-food sector, controlling the growth and reproduction of fungi without posing a risk to non-target biodiversity.
... Additionally, these polysaccharides can be extracted at a yield nearing 10 % (Khatib et al., 2023). Red bell peppers also contain significant quantities of vitamin C, dietary fibers, flavonoids such as quercetin and luteolin, and carotenoids (Anaya- Esparza et al., 2021). ...
... Peppers (Capsicum annum L.), an exotic vegetable with a unique flavor, are a valuable source of vitamins and bioactive compounds (Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). These compounds, including provitamins A, E, and C, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids, offer several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties (Sagar et al., 2018;Coman et al., 2020;Samtiya et al., 2021). ...
... These compounds, including provitamins A, E, and C, phenolic compounds, and carotenoids, offer several health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties (Sagar et al., 2018;Coman et al., 2020;Samtiya et al., 2021). Peppers, which range in color from red to yellow depending on ripeness and pigments (chlorophylls or carotenoids), are categorized as either hot or sweet and are cultivated in subtropical climates worldwide (Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). ...
This study investigated the viability of tea waste as a sustainable alternative substrate for cultivating Charleston peppers (Capsicum annuum), aiming to optimise growth, yield, and reduce soil dependence, cost, and agro-industrial waste. Six substrates were compared: 1) Tea waste, 2) Tea waste + Manure, 3) Tea waste + Soil, 4) Manure + Soil, 5) Tea waste + Manure + Soil, and 6) Tea waste + Manure + Soil + Perlite. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance were used to analyse the data and assess significant differences. Significant differences in stem diameter were observed among plants grown on different substrates (one-way MANOVA p < 0.05). However, the plant height and chlorophyll content of the cultivated Charleston peppers remained unaffected. Although considerable variation was observed in leaf structure across treatments, the dry matter content did not differ significantly. These results suggest that tea waste, particularly when combined with other components, presents a viable alternative substrate for Charleston pepper cultivation. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of utilising agro-industrial waste for eco-friendly agricultural practises.
... Moreover, lycopene has shown strong AO action and may lower animal cholesterol(95). Based on the abovementioned facts, eating SGP fruits often provides vital elements for good health and the prevention of diseases(96).Introduction31 ...
Natural coumarin (NA-CO) isolated for the first time from Tonka
beans belonging to the Fabaceae family, after that more than one thousand
NA-COs have been identified as secondary metabolic products from plants,
fungi, and bacteria. NA-COs are heterocyclic molecules with a variety of
therapeutic properties based on their substitution patterns. Therefore, it is
necessary to develop effective extraction method to extract NA-COs in order
to use in the treatment of many diseases.
In an attempt to develop a potent, eco-friendly, and selective
technique for isolating NA-COs, this study introduced a novel extraction
technique called kinetic thermomagnetic. It required the application of four
distinct variables: rotation speed (50, 75, and 100 rpm), magnetic field (0.8,
1.2, and 1.6 T), time interval (30, 60, and 90 min), and temperature (45, 55,
and 65°C). Numerous phytochemical categories were detected in the 81 crude
chloroform extracts of green sweet bell pepper seeds that were collected,
according to phytochemical analysis. Nine extracts were discovered to be
linked to the coumarin chemical class and to have the same two extraction
parameters: a 90-minute extraction duration and a 55°C extraction
temperature. To enable their coumarin contents to be chemically separated and
chromatographically purified, two of these extracts containing coumarin were
chosen. Four new natural coumarins have been identified and their molecular
structures, as shown below, distinguished using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR,
and mass analysis. By using MTT probing, it was discovered that the isolated
NA-COs exhibited antitumor activities against eight malignant populations
and reduced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma cell populations.
Similarly, the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties were determined
using three and two associated enzymes, respectively. The results demonstrated that the isolated NA-COs have exceptional oxidative stressmitigating characteristics, ranging from 71.51 to 81.48%, when compared to
a positive control. Furthermore, they showed excellent cytotoxicity against
the test malignant populations (IC50 values of 46.76–81.45 μg/ml). The
isolated NA-COs need to be taken into account as dual COX-2/5-LOX
antagonists because they also showed a fascinating selective antiinflammatory effect. The coumarins under investigation have selectivity
indices that are higher than those of the standards used, suggesting that they
may have the ability to selectively block the COX2 enzyme that induces
harmful inflammation. Compared to the standards, the isolated NA-COs have
a higher ability to block the catalytic activity of 5-LOX. This observation
suggests that the isolated NA-COs are powerful 5-LOX inhibiting agents.
Finally, they had a modest antidiabetic impact when tested against two bloodcontrolling enzymes. The authors came to the conclusion that the technique
adopted is flexible and successful for extraction after modifying its
components. Moreover, isolated NA-COs in general and B4 in particular
provide naturally derived solutions for oxidative stress and its associated
diseases.
... Kimchi cabbage contains phenolic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic acids), anthocyanins (cyanidin and peonidin), and flavonoids (quercetin and kaempferol) (Park et al., 2014). Red pepper powder comprises polyphenols (gallic and caffeic acids), flavonoids (apigenin), carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene), and capsaicinoids (capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin) (Anaya-Esparza et al., 2021). Since these phytochemicals are not readily absorbed, only a portion is absorbed in the stomach, while the rest enters the intestines (Kwon et al., 2023). ...
... These compounds are well-regarded for their antioxidant properties. Notably, the phenolic composition of the fruit undergoes significant changes during the maturation process, with the red stage typically exhibiting a richer profile of these beneficial compounds [33,36]. metabolic pathway, a precursor in the formation of phenolic acids. ...
... These compounds are well-regarded for their antioxidant properties. Notably, the phenolic composition of the fruit undergoes significant changes during the maturation process, with the red stage typically exhibiting a richer profile of these beneficial compounds [33,36]. Like the results in our study, Aminifard et al. [26] recorded a TFC range from 132 to 199 mg QE 100 g −1 d. w. in red bell peppers grown using organic production methods under open-field conditions. ...
Fulvic acid (FA) is an eco-friendly solution for reducing the reliance on agrochemicals and enhancing crop quality. The study aimed to investigate the impact of soil and foliar application of FA on the phytochemical content and antioxidant properties of organically grown bell peppers at both the green and red stages. Bell pepper cv. Revolution was grown under open-field conditions at the certified organic farm at Tennessee State University, Nashville, with nine treatments and three replications. FA was applied as a soil drench and foliar spray at four different rates (0, 2.3, 5.5, 7.8, 10.9 mL L−1). The fruits were harvested 55 days (green stage) and 86 days after transplantation (red stage). The study showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the treatment and maturation stage. The foliar treatment of 7.8 mL L−1 resulted in the highest phenolic content in green bell peppers. The highest total flavonoid content in red bell peppers was achieved with a soil treatment of 7.8 mL L−1. Additionally, the highest level of vitamin C in red bell peppers occurred with a soil concentration of 5.5 mL L−1. In conclusion, applying FA as a biostimulant can enhance the quality of organically grown bell peppers, offering promising opportunities for sustainable agricultural practices.
... Kaempferol, a flavonol compound, has recently been discovered to reduce hyperglycemia [128]. Bell pepper residues, including seeds, peels, and leaves, contain antioxidant compounds that protect against oxidative damage and enhance the sensitivity of pancreatic β-cells to glucose [148]. Furthermore, catechin, isoflavones, tannic acid, and saponins from various fruit and vegetable residues contribute to glucose transport regulation [147]. ...
This review investigates innovative strategies for upcycling agricultural residues into valuable pharmaceutical compounds. The improper disposal of agricultural residues contributes to significant environmental issues, including increased greenhouse gas emissions and ecosystem degradation. Upcycling offers a sustainable solution, transforming these residues into high-value bioproducts (antioxidants, antitumor agents, antidiabetic compounds, anti-inflammatory agents, and antiviral drugs). Nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology have a crucial role in enhancing bioavailability and targeted delivery of bioactive compounds. Advanced techniques like enzymatic hydrolysis, green solvents, microwave processing, pyrolysis, ultrasonic processing, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, ozonolysis, and organosolv processes are explored for their effectiveness in breaking down agricultural waste and extracting valuable compounds. Despite the promising potential, challenges such as variability in residue composition, scalability, and high costs persist. The review emphasizes the need for future research on cost-effective extraction techniques and robust regulatory frameworks to ensure the safety, efficacy, and quality of bioproducts. The upcycling of agricultural residues represents a viable path towards sustainable waste management and production of pharmaceutical compounds, contributing to environmental conservation and public health improvements. This review provides an analysis of the current literature and identifies knowledge gaps, offering recommendations for future studies to optimize the use of agricultural residues in the drug industry.
